FLORA OF KARNATAKA

FLORA OF KARNATAKAA ChecklistVolume ‐1: Algae, Fungi, Lichens, Bryophytes & Pteridophytes.

CITATIONKarnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019. FLORA OF KARNATAKA, A Checklist. Volume – 1: Algae, Fungi,Lichens, Bryophytes & Pteridophytes . 1-562 (Published by Karnataka Biodiversity Board)Published: December, 2019.ISBN - 978-81-9392280-4 Karnataka Biodiversity Board, 2019ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this book, or plates therein, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system ortransmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying recording orotherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold, hiredout or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or coverother than that in which it is published. The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicatedby a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable.DISCLAIMER THE CONTENTS INCLUDING TEXT, PLATES AND OTHER INFORMATION GIVENIN THE BOOK ARE SOLELY THE AUTHOR'S RESPONSIBILITY AND BOARD DOESNOT HOLD ANY LIABILITY.PRICE: 1000/- (One thousand rupees only).Printed by :Peacock Advertising India Pvt Ltd.# 158 & 159, 3rd Main, 7th Cross, Chamarajpet,Bengaluru – 560 018 Ph: 080 - 2662 0566Web: www.peacockgroup.in

Authors1. Dr. R.K. Gupta, Scientist D, Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, P O BotanicGarden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal.2. Dr. J.R. Sharma, Emeritus Scientist, Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, 192,Kaulagarh Road, Dehra Dun 248 195, Uttarakhand.3. Dr. K.P. Singh, Former Scientist G, Botanical Survey of India, Central regional centre, 10,Chatham lines, Allahabad – 211 002, Uttar Pradesh.4. Dr. D.K. Singh, Former Scientist G, Botanical Survey of India, Flat No. SR 305, Block D,Saraswati Apartment, Sector 4, Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow – 226 010, Uttar Pradesh.5. Dr. P.K. Rajagopal, Professor of Botany (Retd.), Vinayaka House, 2nd Road, 7th Cross,Hayagreeva Nagara, Kunjibettu Post, Udupi – 576 102.Photograph CreditsDr. R.K. Gupta. (Algae)Dr. J.R. Sharma. (Fungi)Mr. B.O. Sharma & A. Pinokiyo. (Lichens)Dr. D.K. Singh. (Bryophytes)Dr. K.G. Bhat. (Pteridophytes)

Acknowledgements1. Sri R.M.N. Sahai, IFS (Retd.), Former Chairman, Karnataka Biodiversity Board for his vision which resulted inthis book.2. Sri R.K. Singh, IFS, APCCF (Working Plan) & Former Member Secretary, Karnataka Biodiversity Board forinitiating the work.3. Dr. M. Sanjappa, INSA Senior Scientist, Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden, GKVK for taking the lead ingathering the information.4. Dr. Virender Singh, IFS, APCCF & Member Secretary, Karnataka Biodiversity Board for compiling theinformation and publishing.5. Smt Sahana S. Hegde, Deputy Director (Horticulture), Karnataka Biodiversity Board for facilitation and conveningthe meetings.6. Sri Pritham S, Research Associate (Zoology), Karnataka Biodiversity Board for coordination and cover pagedesign.7. Members of Publication Committee, Karnataka Biodiversity Board for various inputs and suggestions:a)b)c)d)e)f)Dr. M. Sanjappa, INSA Senior Scientist, Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden, GKVK,Bengaluru – 560 065.Prof. C. Kameswara Rao, Executive Secretary, FBAE, No. 1 Gupta’s layout, Southend Road,Bengaluru – 560 004.Prof. M. Narayana Swamy, Professor & Head, Dept. of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College,Hebbal, Bangalore – 560 024.Dr. S.N. Hegde, Former Professor & Chairman, Dept. of Zoology, University of Mysore, No. 109,Vikasa, 7th Main, 3rd Cross, Bogadi II Stage, Mysore – 570 026.Dr. B.N. Manjunatha, Professor of Agricultural Extension and Editor, Communication Centre, UAS,GKVK, Bengaluru – 560 065.Smt Sahana S. Hegde, Deputy Director (Horticulture), Karnataka Biodiversity Board, Malleshwaram,18th Cross, Bengaluru – 560 003.8. Dr. A.N Sringeswara, Curator, Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden, GKVK, Bengaluru – 560 065 forpreparation of index, photo plates & proof reading,

Composition of the BoardThe present Board has been constituted vide order No:FEE 203 ENV 2016, Bengaluru. Dated: 13.02.2017.Sl.Board MembersNo1 Sri Ananth Hegde Ashisara, Chairman, Karnataka Biodiversity Board,thGround Floor, Vanavikas, 18 Cross, Malleshwaram, Bengaluru –560 003.DesignationChairman2Sri Sandeep Dave, IAS, Additional Chief Secretary to Government, Forest, Ex-officio MemberEcology and Environment Department, MS Building, Bengaluru-01.3Sri Vijay Kumar Gogi, IFS, Principal Secretary to Government, Forest,Ecology and Environment Department, MS Building, Bengaluru-1.Ex-officio Member4Sri Rajender Kumar Kataria, IAS, Secretary to Government, Departmentof Agriculture, MS Building – 560 001.Ex-officio Member5Sri Punati Sridhar, IFS, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (HoFF),thAranya Bhavan, 18 Cross, Malleshwaram, Bengaluru – 560 003.Ex-officio Member6Smt Meenakshi Negi, IFS, Commissioner, Department of AYUSH,Dhanvantari Road, Ananda Rao Circle, Bengaluru – 560 009.Ex-officio Member7Dr. C. G. Kushalappa, Dean Forestry, University of Agriculture andHorticultural Sciences (Shivamogga), College of Forestry (Ponnampet),Kunda Road, Ponnampet – 571 216.Non-officio Member8Dr. M. Mahadeva Murthy, Professor, Dept. of Forestry and EnvironmentalScience, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru – 560 065.Non-officio Member9Dr. Jayakara Bhandary M, Associate Professor, Dept. of Botany,Government First Grade College, Car Street, Mangaluru – 575 001.Non-officio Member10Prof. M. Narayana Swamy, Professor & Head, Dept. of VeterinaryPhysiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru – 560 024.Non-officio Member11Dr. Niranjana Murthy, Professor & Scheme Head, AICRP on PotentialCrops, RIOF Building, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore – 560 065.Non-officio Member12Smt Anita K. Arekal, IFS, Additional Principal Chief Conservator ofForests (Social Forestry), Aranya Bhavan, 18th Cross, Malleshwaram,Bengaluru – 560 003.Special Invitee13Sri B.T. Khanapure, Drugs Controller, Drugs Control Department PalaceRoad, Near Karnataka Public Service Commission, Bengaluru – 560 001.Special Invitee14Dr. Virender Singh, IFS, Member Secretary, Karnataka BiodiversityBoard, Ground Floor, Vanavikas, 18th Cross, Malleshwaram, Bengaluru –560 003.Member Secretary Convener

Flora of Karnataka, A ChecklistVolume 1 : Algae, Fungi, Lichens, Bryophytes & PteridophytesCONTENTSPage No.1. Algae of Karnataka – A checklist 1 - 185R.K. Gupta & S.K. Das2. Fungi of Karnataka – A checklist 186 - 313J.R.Sharma and Deepa Mishra3. Lichens of Karnataka – A checklist .314 - 398K. P. Singh4. Bryophytes of Karnataka – A checklist 400 - 453D. K. Singh, M. Sanjappa, S. K. Singh & D. Singh5. Pteridophytes of Karnataka – A checklist 454 - 490P. K. Rajagopal6. Index .491 - 562

Algae of KarnatakaA ChecklistR.K. Gupta & S.K. DasCryptogamic Section, Botanical Survey of India, P.O. Botanic GardenHowrah 711 103, West BengalSupport byKarnataka Biodiversity Board

1INTRODUCTIONAlgae are simple photosynthetic forms that lack embryogenesis. Algae are ubiquitous, a multitude ofspecies ranging from microscopic unicellular to gigantic kelps inhabit the world's oceans, freshwater bodies,soils, rocks and trees and are responsible for most of the global production of organic matter byphotosynthesis. They are major carbon-assimilating organisms. Thus they play a fundamental role in theworld's ecosystems and a reliable and modern introduction to their kaleidoscopic diversity, systematic andphylogeny is indispensable. Algae are highly diversified group of plant with enormous economicimplications not only as primary producers and pollution indicators but also as a source of several naturalproducts like biofertiliser, biofuels, chemicals. In India ca. 7284 species (15.33 % of Indian Flora) belongingto 738 genera under 206 families have been recorded so far. In Karnataka state, a total of 1761 taxa belongingto 109 families of the classes Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Chrysophyceae,Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae. Out of these, 100 taxaare endemic to Karnataka and 46 taxa are endemic to India.ClassNumbers of taxaNumbers bers of taxa Numbers of taxaendemic toendemic to IndiaKarnataka--Despite the fact that algal documentation is limited to areas where a few algalogists worked inuniversities and colleges, the classes Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae were recordedwith 632, 505 and 455 species respectively. Among the chlorophytes, desmids are dominating, but thefilamentous conjugales like Spirogyra, Zygnema, Mougeotia, Sirogonium, Zygnemopsis, etc., which aredominant in lentic and lotic freshwater systems in India, are scantily recorded from the state. Spirogyrajogensis is the only recorded species of the genus by M.O.P. Iyengar in 1958. It shows the least indulgence ofsubsequent researchers in study of this group.

2Class : CYANOPHYCEAE*Family : CAPSOSIRACEAEStauromatonema FrémyStauromatonema viride Frémy, Myxophyc. Afr. équat. franc. 390. 1929.Distribution: Karnataka (Raichur), Jammu & Kashmir.Habitat: Freshwater.Family: CHAMAESIPHONACEAEChamaesiphon A. Braun & GrunowChamaesiphon rostaffinskii Hansg., Rodr. Algenfl. Bohmen 2: 123. 1892.Distribution: Karnataka (Mysuru), Gujarat.Habitat: Freshwater.Family: CHROOCOCCACEAEAphanocapsa NägeliAphanocapsa banaresensis Bharadwaja, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 2: 96. 1935.Distribution: Karnataka (Mysuru), Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra,Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Tripura, West Bengal.Habitat: Freshwater.Aphanocapsa biformis A. Braun, Fl. Eur. Alg.2: 246. 1865.Distribution:Karnataka (Mysuru), Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Jammu &Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand,Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.Habitat: Freshwater and terrestrial*Aphanocapsa brunnea Nägeli, Gatt. einzell. Alg.52. 1849.Distribution: Karnataka (Mysuru), Andaman & Nicobar, Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, UttarPradesh, West Bengal.Habitat: Freshwater and terrestrial*Aphanocapsa dharwadensis Bongale, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 66: 285. 1987.Distribution: Karnataka (Dharwad); endemic.Habitat: Terrestrial.Aphanocapsa elachista W. West & G.S. West, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 276. 1894.var. elachistaDistribution:Karnataka (Mysuru), Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra, Manipur,Nagaland, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh.Habitat: Freshwater.var. irregularis J.B. Petersen, Bot. Iceland 2: 265. 1923.Distribution: Karnataka (Shivamogga), Uttar Pradesh.Habitat: Freshwater.*Included here as part of Biodiversity. Taxonomists treat this Class under the Kingdom Monera.