4 American National Standard - NIST

CONTENTSPAGE5. CONTROL FUNCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS.275.1 GENERAL.275.2 APCAPPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND.285.3 CBTCURSOR BACKWARD TABULATION.285.4 CCHCANCEL CHARACTER.285.5 CHACURSOR HORIZONTAL ABSOLUTE.285.6 CHTCURSOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION.285.7 CNLCURSOR NEXT LINE.295.8 CPLCURSOR PRECEDING LINE.295.9 CFRCURSOR POSITION REPORT . 295.10 CRMCONTROL REPRESENTATION MODE.295.11 CSICONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER.295.12 CTCCURSOR TABULATION CONTROL.305.13 CUBCURSOR BACKWARD.305.14 CUDCURSOR DOWN.305.15 CUFCURSOR FORWARD.305.16 CUPCURSOR POSITION.305.17 CUUCURSOR UP.315.18 CVTCURSOR VERTICAL TABULATION.315.19 DADEVICE ATTRIBUTES.315.20 DAQDEFINE AREA QUALIFICATION.325.21 DCHDELETE CHARACTER.325.22 DCSDEVICE CONTROL STRING.335.23 DLDELETE LINE.335.24 DMIDISABLE MANUAL INPUT.335.25 DSRDEVICE STATUS REPORT.345.26 EAERASE IN AREA.345.27 EBMEDITING BOUNDARY MODE.345.28 ECHERASE CHARACTER.355.29 EDERASE IN DISPLAY.355.30 EFERASE IN FIELD.355.31 ELERASE IN LINE.365.32 EMIENABLE MANUAL INPUT.365.33 EPAEND OF PROTECTED AREA.365.34 ERMERASURE MODE.365.35 ESAEND OF SELECTED AREA.365.36 FEAMFORMAT EFFECTOR ACTION MODE.375.37 FETMFORMAT EFFECTOR TRANSFER MODE.375.38 FNTFONT SELECTION.375.39 GATMGUARDED AREA TRANSFER MODE.375.40 GSMGRAPHIC SIZE MODIFICATION.385.41 GSSGRAPHIC SIZE SELECTION.385.42 HEMHORIZONTAL EDITING MODE.385.43 HPAHORIZONTAL POSITION ABSOLUTE.385.44 HPRHORIZONTAL POSITION RELATIVE.395.45 HTJHORIZONTAL TAB WITH JUSTIFY.395.46 HTSHORIZONTAL TABULATION SET.395.47 HVPHORIZ. AND VERTICAL POSITION.395.48 ICHINSERT CHARACTER.395.49 ILINSERT LINE.405.50 INDINDEX.40

0INSERTION-REPLACEMENT MODE.40JUSTIFY.41KEYBOARD ACTION MODE.41LINE FEED NEW LINE MODE.42MULTIPLE AREA TRANSFER MODE.42MEDIA COPY.42MESSAGE WAITING.43NEXT LINE.'.43NEXT PAGE.43OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND.43PARTIAL LINE DOWN.43PARTIAL LINE UP.44PRIVACY MESSAGE.44PRECEDING PAGE.44PRIVATE USE ONE.44PRIVATE USE TWO.44POSITIONING UNIT MODE.45QUAD.45REPEAT.45REVERSE INDEX.45RESET TO INITIAL STATE.45RESET MODE.46AREA TRANSFER MODE.46SCROLL DOWN.46SELECT EDITING EXTENT MODE.46SELECT GRAPHIC RENDITION.47SCROLL LEFT.47SET MODE.47START OF PROTECTED AREA.48SPACING INCREMENT.48SCROLL RIGHT.48SEND-RECEIVE MODE.48STATUS REPORT TRANSFER MODE.49SINGLE SHIFT TWO.49SINGLE SHIFT THREE.49START OF SELECTED AREA.49STRING TERMINATOR.49SET TRANSMIT STATE.49SCROLL UP.50TABULATION CLEAR.50TABULATION STOP MODE.50THIN SPACE SPECIFICATION.50TRANSFER TERMINATION MODE.50VERTICAL EDITING MODE.51VERTICAL POSITION ABSOLUTE.51VERTICAL POSITION RELATIVE.51VERTICAL TABULATION SET.516. INDEPENDENT CONTROL FUNCTIONS BY MNEMONIC.52

PAGECONTENTS7.INDEPENDENT CONTROL FUNCTIONS BY CODING.538.NUMERIC PARAMETER SEQUENCES BY MNEMONIC.549.SELECTIVE PARAMETER SEQUENCES BY MNEMONIC.5510. CONTROL SEQUENCES BY CODING.5611. CONTROL SEQUENCES (INTERMEDIATE CHARACTERS).5712. MODE-CHANGING PARAMETERS.59APPENDIX A.AAPPENDIX B.B-lBl. General.B-lB2. The Received Data Stream.B-lB3. The Character Image Output .B-lB4. The Active Position.B-2B5. Processing the Received Data Stream.B-2B5.1. General.B-2B5.2 Control Characters.B-2B5.3 Space.B-3B5.4 Graphic Characters.B-3B6. Editing Operations. B-4B6.1 General.B-4B6.2 Erasure.B-4B6.3 Deletion.B-4B6.4 Insertion.B-4B7. Selected Areas.B-4B8. Qualified, Protected, Guarded Areas . B-5B8.1 General.B-5B8.2 Protected and Guarded Areas . B-5B8.3 Fields and Horizontal Tab Stops.B-5B9. The Transmitted Data Stream.B-6BIO. Data to an Auxiliary Output Device.B-7

CONTENTSPAGEAPPENDIX .C-lCl. General.C-lC2. Received Data Stream.C-lC3. Transmitted Data Stream.C-lC3.1 General.C-lC3.2 Monitor Send Receive Mode.C-lC3.3 Simultaneous Send Receive Mode.C-lC4. Recommendation toImplementors.C-lC5. Editor Functions.C-lC6. Permanency of Format Effectors.C-2C7. Relationship to Keyboards.C-2C8. Composite of Graphic Representations.C-2C8.1 General.C-2C8.2 Keyboards with Nonspacing Keys.C-SC8.3 Character Sets for Composites.C-3C9. Interaction with filtered Data.C-3CIO. Edit Operations on Format Effectors.C-4Cll. Editor Functionvs. Format Effector.C lAPPENDIX D.DAPPENDIX E.E xEl. General.E-lE2. Independent Set.E-lE3. ESCape Fs Sequences.E-lE4. EAQ, SPA, EPA, SSA, and ESA.E-lE5. IND, NEL, and LF/NL.E-lE6. Set and Reset Mode Parameter Assignments.E-2E7. larameter Structure.E-2APPENDIX F.F-lFI. General.F-lF2. Software Control for Delimiter String.F-l

CONTENTSPAGEF3. Device for Delimiting Control Strings.F-lF4. Introducers.F-lF5. Format Effectors.F-lF6. Typesetting and Composition Devices.F-lF7. Controls to MoveCursor Controls.F-lF8. Editing to Alter Visual Display.F-2F9. Form Filling.F-2F10. Miscellaneous Controls.F-2Fll. Device Sending Modes.p 2F12. Device Local and Receiving Modes.p 2F13. Device Local Modes.F-2F14. Sending, Receiving, and Local Modes . F-2APPENDIX G.GAPPENDIX .

American National StandardAdditional Controls for Use withAmerican National Standard Code forInformation Interchange1 GENERAL.1.1 Introduction.This standard defines a set of controlfunctions that augment the set of controlfunctions in American National StandardCode for Information Interchange, ANSIX3.4-1977 (ASCII), in accordance with theprinciples defined in American NationalStandard Code Extension Techniques for Usewith the 7-Bit Coded Character Set ofAmerican National Standard Code forInformation Interchange, ANSI X3.41-1974.The primary purpose of this standard is toaccommodate the foreseeable needs forinput/output control of two-dimensionalcharacter-imaging devices, includinginteractive terminals of both the cathoderay tube and printer types, as well asoutput to microfilm printers. A] IX3.41-1974 envisaged many sets of controlfunctions that would be applicationoriented. This standard describes a setof functions that can coexist in a mannercompatible with ANSI X3.41-1974, despitethe fact that it is derived in a way notforeseen when the latter was adopted.Inthe following sections the more generalcharacteristics or groupings of functionsare discussed, followed by a series ofcontrol function definitions. Thefunctions represent what have been foundnecessary for standardization. Thisstandard describes a large set offunctions that have been implemented,though not all in a single system oralways encoded as herein. The work hererepresents a cohesive structure for therepresentation of coded information forinterchange. This standard establishes aset of controls drawn from the abstractconcepts of ANSI X3.4-1977 and ANSIX3.41-1974.12The intent of this standard is tofacilitate data interchange, not tostandardize equipment. The intent is notthe abstract specification of asophisticated character imaging device.However, it is necessary to make certainassumptions about the device architecture.These assumptions are as unrestrictive aspossible and are presented in Appendix B.The developers of this standard do notexpect that any single system or devicewould necessarily implanent all of thefunctions included.In fact, those whoimplement from this standard are cautionednot to cite the standard unless theyexplicitly describe the individualportions implanented.It is inappropriateto make references that say according to,based upon, taken from, etc unless theenimeration of individual portions isincluded in the reference to the standard.This standard is based upon a conceptthat permits any or all of the functionsproposed worldwide via the "Repertoire ofControl Functions" (currentlyIS0/TC97/SC2/646) to be representeduniquely within a single coded structure.This is possible without resorting topreselection into sets of only 32 controlsknown in ANSI X3.41-1974 as Cl sets.Itis felt that the "boiling out" of moreconcise sets may come after a moreuniversal control alphabet is structured.The developers of this standard arestrongly of the opinion that there is notechnical infeasibility in the directadaptation into one single implementationof the structures described in thisstandard.

1.2 Scope.This standard encompasses controlfunctions for use with the coding schemesestablished by two other standards. Theother standards are:American National Standard Code forInformation Interchange, ANSI X3.4-1977(ASCII)American National Standard Code ExtensionTechniques for Use with the 7-Bit CodedCharacter Set of American NationalStandard Code for Information Interchange,ANSI X3.41-1974When the preceding American NationalStandard referred to in this docunent aresuperseded by a revision approved by theAmerican National Standards Institute,Inc, the revision shall apply.1.3 Field of Application.2. DEFINITIONS AND NOTATION.2.1 Definitions.In this standard, the followingdefinitions shall apply. Thesedefinitions are either not found in X3Technical Report X3/TR-1-77, AmericanNational Dictionary for InformationProcessing, or are used with specificmeaning in this standard. For convenienceof the reader a nunber of terms from ANSIX3.4-1977 and ANSI X3.41-1974 are alsoincluded. All other terms are found inTechnical Report X3/TR-1-77.active position. Ihe character positionin a visual display that is to image thegraphic symbol representing the nextgraphic or control character for which agraphic representation is required.advance. To move the active position inthe direction of increasing horizontalcharacter position in a visual display,normally; however, see 4.5.1 for adiscussion of end-of-line conditions.1.3.1 Seven-Bit Code.Hie standard deals with controls that canbe represented as ESCape Fe sequences in7-bit environments according to ANSIX3.41-1974.1.3.2 Eight-Bit Code.The standard deals with controls that canbe represented in 8-bit environmentsaccording to ANSI X3.41-1974.1.3.3 Duality in 7-Bit and 8-Bit Coding.It is the intent of this standard that anycontrol described within be identical inmeaning in either 7-bit or 8-bitimplementations.application. A hardware or softwareimplementation of a process or a device.application program. A program that rimsunder control of an operating system.area. A set of adjacent characterpositions in a visual display that are notnecessarily on the same line.auxiliary device. A device connected to acharacter imaging device for the purposeof storing, retrieving, or imaging data.backward.In the direction of decreasinghorizontal character position in a visualdisplay, normally; however, see 4.5.1 fora discussion of beginning-of-lineconditions.1.4 Partial Implementation.The implementation of all of the controlsdescribed in this standard in a singledevice is not a constraint intended bythis standard.bit combination. An ordered set of bitsthat represents a character.13

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD X3.64-1979blind interchange.Informationinterchange in which no prior agreementsbetween sender and recipient are necessaryin order to achieve successfulinterpretation of the information, exceptagreed-upon standards.CO set. A set of 32 control charactersallocated to columns 0 and 1 of a codetable.Cl set. A set of 32 control charactersallocated to columns 8 and 9 of an 8-bitcode table or represented as ESCape Fesequences in a 7-bit environment withidentical meaning.character. A member of a set of elementsthat is used for the organization,control, or representation of data.character imaging device. A device thatgives a visual representation of data inthe form of graphic symbols lasing anytechnology, such as a cathode ray tube orprinter.character position. The portion of avisual display that images or is capableof imaging a graphic symbol.control. A control character, an escapesequence, or a control sequence thatperforms a control function.control character. A character whoseoccurrence in a particular contextinitiates, modifies, or stops a controlfunction.control function. An action that affectsthe recording, processing, transmission,or interpretation of data.control sequence. A sequence ofcharacters that is used for controlpurposes to perform a control function.It begins with the Control SequenceIntroducer (CSI) control character and maycontain a parameter string.14Control Sequence Introducer (CSI). Acontrol character (in 8 bits) or an Escapesequence (in 7 bits) that providessupplementary controls and that is itselfa prefix affecting the interpretation of alimited number of contiguous bitcombinations.control string. A string of charactersthat is used to perform a control functionand is delimited by an opening and closingdelimiter control.cursor. A visual representation of theactive position.cursor control. An Editor function thatmoves the active position.decipoint.' A unit of length equal to1/720 inch or 0.0353 mm.default. A function-dependent value thatis assumed when no explicit value isspecified.delete. To remove displayed symbols andclose up adjacent graphic symbols to fillthe gap.designate. To identify a set ofcharacters that are to be represented, insome cases immediately and in others onthe occurrence of a further controlfunction, in a prescribed manner.display. The area for visual presentationof data on any type of character imagingdevice, including printer and cathode raytube devices. A visual display. Thedisplay consists of a series of linesidentified 1, 2, 3, . and characterpositions within each line identified 1,2, 3, . with respect to the visualarea, not a buffer, if any.In thisstandard the term "display" shall not beinterpreted to mean a cathode ray tubedevice exclusively.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD X3.64-1979Editor function. A control that effectsthe layout or positioning of previouslyentered or received information in acharacter imaging device (for example, aprinting or cathode ray tube device) andis intended to be interpreted and executedwithout remaining in the data stream. SeeFormat effector.alter. To input information manually intoa character imaging device or to readinformation from an auxiliary device intoa character imaging device.erase. To remove displayed graphicsymbols without closing up adjacentsymbols to fill the gap.Escape character (ESC). A controlcharacter that provides supplementarycharacters (code extension) and is itselfa prefix affecting the interpretation of alimited number of contiguous bitcombinations.Escape sequence. A sequence of charactersthat is used for control purposes toperform a control function and whose firstcharacter is the Escape (ESC) controlcharacter.field. An area whose boundaries arespecified by Horizontal Tabulation Stops.fill. A process involving the movement oftext to or frcm display lines toaccomplish a justification process.Final character. A character whose bitcombination terminates an escape orcontrol sequence.fixed space. A character that normallyhas no graphic representation, occupies acharacter position in a visual display,and is usually encoded as bit combination2 0/.following. Lines or character positionsin a visual display with larger numberedlines or larger numbered characterpositions than that of the activeposition.font. A complete assorbnent ofdisplayable graphic symbols in one size orstyle.Format effector. A control that effectsthe layout or positioning of informationin a character imaging device (forexample, a printing cathode ray tubedevice) and may remain in the data streamsubsequent to interpretation andprocessing. See Editor function.form filling. A process of enteringinformation into a preformatted visualdisplay.forward.In the direction of increasinghorzontal character position in a visualdisplay, normally; however, see 4.5.1 fora discussion of end-of-line conditions.graphic character. A character, otherthan a control character, that has avisual representation normallyhandwritten, printed, or displayed.graphic rendition. A visual style ofdisplaying a set of graphic symbols.graphic symbol. A visual representationof a graphic character or a control forwhich a graphic representation isrequired.guarded area. A protected area that willnot be included in the transmitted datastream when a device is induced totransmit.input area. An area in which informationcan be entered.intermediate character. A character whosebit combination precedes a Final characterin an escape or control sequence.introducer. A control character or escapesequence that by its occurrence begins asequence of bit combinations that areinterpreted as a single graphic characteror as a single control.15

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD X3.64-1979invoke. To cause a designated set ofcharacters to be represented by theprescribed bit combinations whenever thosebit combinations occur until anappropriate code extension functionoccurs.leader. A sequence of horizontal graphicsymbols that lead the eye to the left orright.left justify. To adjust the graphicsymbols on a visual display so that theleft margin of the display is regular.line. A set of adjacent characterpositions in a visual display that havethe same vertical position.mode. A state of a device, or othersender or recipient, that affects theinterpretation of received information,the operation of the sender or recipient,or the format of the transmittedinformation.Monitor Send-Receive. A mode of operationof a character imaging device in whicheach graphic input is imaged locally as itis entered.next.See following.numeric parameter. A string of bitcombinations that represents a number.operating system. Software that controlsthe execution of computer programs and mayprovide scheduling, debugging,input/output control, accounting,compilation, storage assignment, datamanagement, and related services.parameter.(1) A string of one or more bitcombinations representing a single value.(2) The value so represented.parameter string. A string of bitcombinations that represent one or moreparameter values.point. A unit of length equal to 1/72inch or 0.353 rim.16preceding. Lines or character positionsin a visual display with smaller numberedlines or smaller numbered characterpositions than that of the activeposition.private use. A technique of encoding orrepresenting information in a prescribed,but nonstandard,way.protected area. A qualified area intowhich no data may be entered.quad. A process of justification thatcauses information to be displayed at theleft margin, the right margin, or centeredbetween margins.qualified area. An area that may haverestrictions on the type of data that maybe entered and whose boundaries arespecified by the Define Area Qualification(DAQ) control.received data stream. Hie stream of bitcombinations received by a characterImaging device for purposes

time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards .