Introduction To Future Mobility - Armytech.csir.co.za

Technology Work Session for the South African Army; Hosted by the CSIRMOBILITYIntroduction to future mobilityBraam GreeffCSIR Defence, Peace, Safety and SecurityDate: 18 April 2012 CSIR 2012 Slide 1www.csir.co.za

Mobility chapter contributorsBraam Greeff – Introduction and trends in MobilityProf Schalk Els– Vehicle Mobility Trends of the FutureDanie de Villiers (Principal Engineer, DPSS) – Soldier Mobility CSIR 2012 Slide 2

Importance of Mobility.superiority in tactical mobility would upsetevery tactical prescription in existence, preciselyas our (British) methods were upset by Boermobility in South Africa.[Col Graham J.J (British), On War,translation of Clausewitz ] CSIR 2012 Slide 3

What is mobility .?. the employment of forces,through movementcombined with fire, toachieve a position ofadvantage with respect tothe enemy, to accomplishthe mission success. CSIR 2012 Slide 4

Mobility in context of combat ATIONALLEVELPROTECTIONLEADERSHIP(COMMAND & CONTROL)Situational AwarenessTACTICALLEVELINFORMATION &INTELLIGENCE Mobility (manoeuvrability), is a key element of combat power At the strategic level, mobility usually involves the movement offorces and resources to the theatre of conflict. At the operational level, mobility involves placing forces andresources at the critical place in time to achieve an operationaladvantage At the tactical level mobility and manoeuvre wins battles andengagements by keeping the enemy off balance, it also protectsown forces. CSIR 2012 Slide 5

Future SANDF battle-spaceDeepSPECTRUM OF CONFLICT & CONTINUUM OF OPERATIONSPEACEWARCONFLICTOPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR (OOTW)WAR FIGHTINGDISASTER RELIEFHUMANITARIAN RELIEFRECONSTRUCTIONEVACUATION OPERATIONSCloseMOSTLIKELY.BATTLESPACEBORDER SECURITYMOST LIKELYOPERATIONALTYPESRearPEACEKEEPINGDEFENCE OF RSANON-COMBAT OPERATIONS[Source: JOPS, Armscor, African battle space] CSIR 2012 Slide 6COMBAT OPERATIONS

Spectrum of conflict and continuum of operationsSPECTRUM OF CONFLICT & CONTINUUM OF OPERATIONSPEACEWARCONFLICTOPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR (OOTW)WAR FIGHTINGDISASTER RELIEFHUMANITARIAN RELIEFRECONSTRUCTIONEVACUATION OPERATIONSConflicttypes shallby complexand hybridBORDER SECURITYPEACEKEEPINGDEFENCE OF RSANON-COMBAT OPERATIONS CSIR 2012 Slide 7COMBAT OPERATIONS

Environmental and surface conditionsDesert to Semi-desert RegionMountainous AreasTropical Wet RegionTropical Dry Savannah Region[Source: JOPS, Armscor]Urbanisation CSIR 2012 Slide 8

Nature of future mobility conflictsFlexibility - The ability to beeffective over a range of conflicttasks, conditions and scenarios.Agility - The ability to manage abalance of effort over a range ofconflict scenariosResilience & SustainmentThe ability to sustain sufficientoperational capability , in theface of experiencing loss.Responsiveness - The abilityto apply adaptive planning, therapid identification of threats,and quick appropriate responseto threat scenarios.Robustness - The ability tohave sufficient control of aconflict theatre environment toaccount for operationaluncertainties (surprizes) thatmight occur.Concomitant execution - Theability to execute dynamicconcurrent operations.Low casuality expectation(own forces) - The ability tomanage conflict with theminimal loss to own forces. CSIR 2012 Slide 9

Where’s are the mobility platform need gaps?OKOpportunities forfuture mobilitytechnologies tobe implementedOKOKOKCapability GAPNew protected patrol vehicle(IED protection, end-of-life)Capability GAPNew operational supply/supportvehicles (NGOSS)Capability GAPNew light protected patrolvehicle (We dont have one)Unmanned support vehicle(s)(Technologies & operationalconcepts to be explored)OK CSIR2012CapabilityGAPSlide 10

Requirements for a New Generation OperationalSupply Support System (NGOSS) The current fleet of SAMIL 50/100 vehicles lacks the mobility to support fightingforces in the tactical scenario. The load carrying capacity of the vehicles is inadequate. The current fleet was introduced 33 years ago, with the result that some of thevehicles are reaching the end of their useful life resulting in very high operating andsupport cost with severe obsolescence challenges. The need to address a family of support vehicles and common platforms in thecombat vehicle environment to ease the logistic burden.5 ton Improve effectiveness and support through the use of a total systems approach. The current cargo handling equipment, both on-board and off-board, is inadequate tosupport an operational force and/or peace support operations. Current systems are not compatible with international ISO standards in terms ofinterfaces with removable superstructures and NATO compatibility. Interchangeability and Interoperability of sub systems must be ensured[Source recognition: JM Joubert, Armscor, Lt Col A Calitz] CSIR 2012 Slide 119 ton14 ton

Need for a future light protected patrol vehicleTypical needsSPECTRUM OF CONFLICT & CONTINUUM OF OPERATIONSPEACEWARCONFLICTOPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR (OOTW)WAR FIGHTINGDISASTER RELIEFHUMANITARIAN RELIEFNEEDS ?RECONSTRUCTIONEVACUATION OPERATIONSBORDER SECURITYPEACEKEEPINGDEFENCE OF RSANON-COMBAT OPERATIONSProtected patrolvehicles“Workhorses” for thefuture OOTW’sCOMBAT OPERATIONS- Capability as a minimum toprovide protection to againstsmall arms fire, shrapnel.-Capability to provideflexible/modular transportoptions.-Common logistics supportconcept.-Easy to change operationalconfiguration according torequired mission.-Low Cost operation.-Good off/on road capabilities.New Generation Operational Supply Support – Product System CSIR 2012 Slide 12

A Possible platform approach : Light protected multirolepatrol vehiclesThe British Ocelot is an excellent example for the modular approachPracticalModularApproach(Changeablein the field)Commonspine or“skateboard CSIR 2012 Slide 13

INCREASING EFFECTIVENESSUN-MANNEDTrends in un-manned mobilityREMOVAL OFHUMANS FROMTHE BATTLEFIELDMA NN EDMSORMATFLPITYOBIL1950CAPABILITYPAYOFFNURTURE PERIOD20002050What’s the un-manned advantage?-Reduced loss of life, own forces-Better off-road mobility-Support to the dismounted soldierTIME[Source: Becker, 2009] CSIR 2012 Slide 14Their will come a timein future where thepay-off of un-mannedsystems (UGV’s) willbecome so attractivethat it will becomeintegrated with normaloperational drill. (SeeVideo)

Unmanned Ground Systems: Technology focusAutonomousBehaviourCurrent UGVtechnologyfocus“Wingman” CSIR 2012 Slide 15

UGV’s – the push towards autonomous behaviour There shall be a continues push towards autonomous UGV behaviour –soldier “follow-me” capability Future legal issues will have to be addressed – WHO PULLED ey/MULE”“Searcher”[Source: Higgins, 2009] CSIR 2012 Slide 16

Evolution of UGV Operational RolesWe are hereRequired Technologiesfor UGV Evolution overTime[Source: Higgins, 2009] CSIR 2012 Slide 17

Typical un-manned configurations evaluated & deployedMULE ( Multi-Role-Logistics) Vehicle –Evaluated, but needs urgently a followme WINGMAN capability – US ArmyDeployed GAURDUIM AutonomousUGV on Border patrol - Israel Patrol CSIR 2012 Slide 18

Other UGV implementations – saving livesG-NUIS AvantGuard asLandmine Detector –semi-autonomousUn-Manned Oskosh TerraMaxLogistics Support Truck –autonomous application CSIR 2012 Slide 19

UGV design implications on manned vehiclesFuture manned and unmanned mobility platforms shallhave to develop interfaces and SOP’s to operate jointlywith UGV’s – a futuristic look.Manned CSIR 2012 Slide 20

Improving mobility with Situational AwarnessGO-NO GO MAPS: Terrain planning and mobility mapsIf you know what to expect – you can adapt or avoid toimprove mobilitySurfaceTopography TerrainClassification &VisualizationVehicle Mobility“Profile”TACTICALDECISON AIDS:MODELLING & SIMULATIONTOOLSSurface SoilsCharacterization-Go-NoGO MAPS-Recommended speedover terrainTire/Track Groundinteraction CSIR 2012 Slide 21

GO-NO GO MAPS: Terrain planning and mobility maps –rural area[Source: Quest Systems] CSIR 2012 Slide 22

Other forms of mobility maps – urban mapLIDAR High Resolution Image of Operational Urban Terrain CSIR 2012 Slide 23

Vehicle electronic integration challengesMultipleelectronic andsensor systemsneed to beintegrated andupgraded over20 – 30 yearoperationalperiod CSIR 2012 Slide 24

Old , vehicle specific, electronic integration practices not OK!Traditional vehicle integration methods – not good enough forfuture integration & modular operational support concepts. CSIR 2012 Slide 25

Vetronics : Enabler for modular support/upgradeconcepts – and the net centric battlefieldVETRONICS – networksform the backbone for interand intra vehiclecommunication-Common maintenancesystems is possiblebetween product variants.Vehicle systemcontrollerOn-BoardtrainingMission systemcontrollerMaintenance CSIR 2012 Slide 26Source: InformationCommunicationSystem (OICS),branded by THALESas VSys

Self-synchronized mobility behaviourOperational BehaviourMobility Operationswill in Future moveTowards SelfSynchronisingbehaviourIncreased networked capabilityTraditionalbehaviourEnable zationRequired future behaviourProgramme shall develop C2 to hereEnableInformationsharingAd Hoc(Traditionalinformationsources)Behaviour is Currentlyhere(Source: Maturity model from :” Power to the edge”) CSIR 2012 Slide 27

The future multi-role combat unit: Interconnected mobilityUnmanned Air VehiclesManned SystemsCommand andControl VehicleInfantry CarrierVehicleClass IClass IIUnattendedGroundSensorsMountedCombat SystemClass IIIClass IVUnattended MunitionsNLOS LSIntelligentMunitions SystemRecon andSurveillance VehicleUnmanned Ground VehiclesARV RSTANon-Lineof Sight CannonNon-Line of Sight MortarFCS Recovery andMaintenance VehicleARV AsltSmall(Manpackable)UGVMedical Treatmentand Evacuation CSIR 2012 Slide 28Armed Robotic Vehicle

105mm Tank destroyer on PARSActive & adjustable suspension systemsMalaysian 8X8 PARS vehicle105mm Tank destroyer on PARS vehicleAdvantages Less crew fatigue, better ride Better protection – adjust groundstand-off distance Improved mobility CSIR 2012 Slide 29

Improve tactical agility – All wheel steeringAll –wheelcommercial Jeepvehicle7,8 m turning circleGerman 35mm turreton Malaysian 8X8PARS vehicle CSIR 2012 Slide 30

Future mobility & protection improvement – The “Plastic Tank”?New materials could provide light protection options – improved mobilityA vat of D30intelligent shockabsorbing materialQuestion : Could newmaterials be used incompositeconfigurations toprovide protection? Reducedweight Improved mobility Improved protection Field configurable Reduced cost CSIR 2012 Slide 31

Energy mobility – more & more the responsibility ofmobility platforms Proliferation of mobile electronic equipment, will require from mobilityplatforms to supply power to various systems. On-board energy generation & interfaces to mobile generationmethods CSIR 2012 Slide 32

Conclusion and implications Development of a modular future Light multi-role protected patrolvehicle concepts – Light protected patrol vehicles, to be re-configured inthe field. CSIR 2012 Slide 33

Conclusion and implications.continued The development of a modular, multi-platform Vetronicsarchitecture – low cost fast maintenance & upgrading options Unmanned platforms & especially the concept of operations(CONOPS) together with manned systems. Advanced structures and lightweight composites should be exploredfor future vehicle development – focus on protection & eight saving Mobility maps and the advantages on mobility should beinvestigated. Adjustable active suspension systems should be investigated increased mobility, landmine protection purposes, drive comfort. CSIR 2012 Slide 34

In summary the mobility platform CSIR 2012 Slide 35

Thank YouBraam Greeffbgreeff@csir. co.za CSIR 2012 Slide 36

FIREPOWER MOBILITY (Maneuver) PROTECTION Mobility (manoeuvrability), is a key element of combat power At the strategic level, mobility usually involves the movement of forces and resources to the theatre of conflict. At the operational level, mobility involves placing forces and resources at the critical place in time to achieve an .