What Led To The Rise & Fall Of The Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, & Inca Empires .
Essential Question:–What led to the rise & fall of theOlmec, Mayan, Aztec, & IncaEmpires in America? Warm-Up Question:–Read the “Big Picture” for theUnit 5 Organizer & be ready toanswer some questions
The Civilizations of America advanced societiesWhile classical civilizationswere developing inwere developing in theisolation in the Americas Mediterranean & Asia
TextDuring the NeolithicTitle Revolution, thesenomads settled intofarming villages; Someof which becameadvanced civilizationsDuring the Ice Age,prehistoric nomads migratedacross the land bridgebetween Asia & America
The OlmecsThe Olmecs are oftencalled the “motherculture” because theyinfluenced otherMesoamerican societiesThe first American civilizationwere people known as the Olmecin an area known as Mesoamerica
The Olmecs developed a strongThe Olmecstrade network in Mesoamericathat brought them great wealthThe Olmecs used theirOlmec trade allowedwealth to build large stonethem to spread theirmonuments & pyramids toculture to otherhonor their leaders & godsMesoamericansFor unknown reasons,the Olmec civilizationdeclined by 400 B.C.but their cities &symbols influencedlater cultures,especially the Mayans
Economy:While theOlmecs were inGovernment: MayansTheMayansThe Mayaneconomydeclinearound400 B.C.,were divided intobasedwereon trade& &Mayansevolvingindividual city-states d by king-gods
Society:(1) Kings (dynasties)(2) Nobles, priests(3) warriors(4) Merchants, artisans(5) PeasantsThe Mayans
The MayansReligion: Mayans were polytheistic& offered their blood, food, &sometimes human sacrifices toplease the gods
Technology: Mayans invented a writing based onpictures called glyphs, an accurate 365-day calendar,& advanced temples
The MayansAround 800 A.D., the Mayansmysteriously declined perhapsdue to warfare among Mayancity-states & over-farming
TheAfter the decline of theAztecsMayans, the Aztecswere developing inpresent-day MexicoAround 1200, Aztecsarrived in Mexico &built their cityTenochtitlan in 1325
Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan
Government: The Aztecs formed a massiveThe Aztecsempire, controlledit through 38 provinces,& received tribute from conquered peoplesEconomy: They survivedon tribute & farming;They built “floatinggardens” (chinampas)Society: (1) Kings(2) Nobility(3) Commoners(4) SlavesReligion: Aztecs worshippedmany gods, especially the sungod & made thousands ofhuman sacrifices each year
Technology: Like the Mayans, the Aztecs developed anaccurate calendar & built advanced temples
TheBut, the true demise of theAztecsAztecs came when theSpanish discovered America& conquered the AztecsAround 1500 A.D., the Aztecs began to decline;A century of brutal rule over the provinces &millions of human sacrifices led to revolts
While the Aztecs ruled Mexico,ThetheIncasIncas began to dominatethe area of the AndesMountains of South AmericaMany Incan citieslike Machu Picchu& Cuzcu were builtin the mountains
ltAztecs, the Incaspolytheistic&a vastempire whichoffered80llamas&includedprovincesfood (but notBut,the Incasruledhumans)to thegodswith tolerance &unified their empirewith roads, schools, &a common languageEconomy: The IncanSociety:(1) Kinggov’tcontrolledthe(2) Nobilityeconomy& required all(3) Aylluto(commoners)citizensfarm for thegood of the empire
Technology: Inca innovations included quipu, a meansof record keeping involving knotted ropes as well asan extensive system of roads & suspension bridges
The Incas ?In the 1520s, a civil wardivided & weakenedthe Incan Empire; Tenyears later Spanishconquistadorsconquered the empire
Closure Activity: Which American Society? Can you distinguish among the earlysocieties of America?–Examine the descriptions on the back ofyour notes–Place the number of each descriptorinto one or more parts of the chart–Be prepared to share your answersOlmecMayanAztecInca
The Inca were polytheistic & offered llamas & food (but not humans) to the gods . Technology: Inca innovations included quipu, a means of record keeping involving knotted ropes as well as an extensive system of roads & suspension bridges. . Olmec Mayan Aztec Inca . Title: Slide 1
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