Understanding The Beverage Industry Supply Chain In Tasmania
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009Understanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in TasmaniaFinal Report18 Aug 2021-RELEASE-NREPrepared by OOSand OOSof RDS Partners Pty Ltd forTasmanian Government - Department of Primary Industries,Parks, Water and EnvironmentFor nearly 20 years the RDS Partners team has provided our clients andtheir communities with results grounded in positivesocial, economic and environmental outcomes.People. Working. Together.rdspartners.com.auRTI-DLWe do this because we and our clients have a responsibility tomanage our primary and human resourcesequitably, sustainably, efficiently and respectfully.Contact:OOSSuite 4 Level 3, 13-17 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point TAS 7004ABN 33 125 001 4521
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009Contents1Executive Summary . 22Introduction . 22.2Scope . 3Methodology. 3Data collection . 33.2Data limitations and assumptions. 4-NThe Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania . 54.1Manufacturing . 54.1.1Ingredient sourcing . 54.1.2Packaging sourcing . 54.1.3Manufacturing structure . 64.2Sales Logistics . 74.2.1Sales and Distribution . 74.2.2Product leaving Tasmania . 8Small Independent Tasmanian Beverage Industry Snapshot . 95.1.1Production Volumes. 105.1.2Number of products packaged by producers . 115.1.3CRS-relevant Packaging types used by small Tasmanian producers. 115.1.4CRS-relevant Containers Produced and Sold in Tasmania . 13-DL5RE3.1ELEASE4Background . 2-R32.1Individual Beverage Producer Data Summary . 135.1.6Products coming into Tasmania . 205.1.7Small producer barcode usage. 215.1.8Pre-mixed drinks/energy drinks/other beverages . 21TI5.1.5Findings and Recommendations . 22R6Understanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania Prepared for the Tasmanian Government – DPIPWEPrepared by RDS Partners Pty Ltd12
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 20091 Executive SummaryThis report provides a brief overview of the Tasmanian Beverage Industry, collated to inform thedesign of the upcoming Tasmanian Container Refund Scheme. One hundred Tasmanian producerswere identified in the report, with 96 of these classified as “Small” producers.REThe proposed scheme does not include spirits or wine, and as such, spirits and wine are excludedfrom the definition of the Tasmanian Beverage Industry for the purposes of this report.Annual sales of an estimated 243 million CRS-relevant containers in the state were identified,based on a combination of hard data and industry-informed estimated volumes.-NThere were a number of categories for which no data was readily available.ELEASEThe Tasmanian beverage producers included in the study collectively produce between 65 and 75million litres of product annually, with around 35-45 percent of this identified as being exported outof the state. Eighty-five percent of the total volume is produced by four large producers. Theremainder is produced by the small beverage industry, of which an estimated 65-75 percent produceless than 100,000 L annually.2 Introduction2.1 Background-ROn average, small Tasmanian beverage producers each sell around six different products that arepackaged in CRS-relevant containers each year, however some small producers sell more than 20different bottled products annually.-DLAs part of the Tasmanian Government draft Waste Action Plan 2019, a commitment has been madeto introduce a Container Refund Scheme in 2022. Considering the learnings from other States andTerritories who have introduced similar schemes, the Tasmanian government have drafted acontainer refund scheme bill (2021) with the aim of reducing litter and increasing the recovery andrecycling of containers in Tasmania.RTIThe scheme will be funded by the beverage industry with a ‘first supplier’ approach currentlyproposed, reflecting the approach in other Australian jurisdictions. To ensure optimalimplementation and acceptance, it is critical that the adopted system is specifically appropriate tothe Tasmanian beverage industry. To achieve this, there needs to be a clear understanding of howthe Tasmanian beverage industry supply chain is structured.The Tasmanian beverage manufacturing industry is comprised of a small number of large corporate(and one independent) manufacturers with four companies contributing to around 85% of thestate’s beverage production. The remaining beverage volume is produced a by a much largernumber of small-scale independent producers. Beverages imported from mainland Australiacontribute significantly to local beverage consumption. Production and packaging of product may becarried out entirely onsite by the company that owns the brand; produced on site then packagedoffsite under contract; or produced and packaged entirely under contract by another business.Understanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania Prepared for the Tasmanian Government – DPIPWEPrepared by RDS Partners Pty Ltd23
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009This project is needed to inform the design and implementation of a successful Container RefundScheme in Tasmania. Such a scheme will be underpinned by the establishment of appropriateliability for product stewardship. An accurate picture of the Tasmanian Beverage Industry supplychain is required to ensure clarity around who will contribute to the funding of the scheme, which isconsidered likely to be based on the ‘first supplier approach’.REThe objective of this research consultancy is to ensure that key stakeholders better understand theBeverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania, so that government and industry can establish anequitable and accepted Container Refund Scheme in Tasmania.-NThe main project deliverable was this Final Report to the Department, including any data andgraphics required to aid understanding of results. Handover of the Final Report was followed by afinal meeting with the client to discuss project learnings and recommendations.2.2 ScopeELEASEThis project was commissioned as a small desktop research project to be conducted and completedwithin a short timeframe.The first objective was to accurately describe the current state of the Tasmanian beverage industryby specifying the number and scale of beverage companies that operate, and by identifying thesupply chain participants and explaining their role in the industry. In doing so, a very brief overviewof ingredients sourcing, packaging supply, manufacturing, and sales logistics was compiled.-DL-RThe second objective was to define and better understand the Tasmanian beverage industry toinform the setting of thresholds for participation in the Container Refund Scheme (CRS) for smalleroperators. By carrying out web-based research and conducting interviews with producers and othersupply chain participants, a summary of producer scale data on production volume, individualproduct numbers, container numbers, contract bottling/canning, packaging types, export volumes,and use of barcodes, where readily available was required.3 Methodology3.1 Data collectionTIAn initial database (Excel spreadsheet) of relevant beverage producers was provided by the client tothe consultant.RThe consultant’s existing knowledge of - and networks within - the craft beer, cider, and distillingindustries, combined with liquor licencing, industry body and other data were used to further collateinformation regarding producers of alcoholic beverages. s.39. Thiswas further populated in a similar way to the alcoholic producer data using industry knowledge andexisting networks. The beverage producer database was updated with these producers (and anyirrelevant or dated data removed) to capture 100 known current Tasmanian beverage producers.By engaging a range of producers, suppliers and other stakeholders within the Tasmanian beverageindustry, production, container, and supporting data was collected and recorded on the beverageproducer database. Due to the short timeframe available for the project, not all beverage producersUnderstanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania Prepared for the Tasmanian Government – DPIPWEPrepared by RDS Partners Pty Ltd34
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009were consulted directly. Where direct data was not available, production volumes were estimatedduring discussions with ingredients suppliers, contract packagers or other industry participants.Validation of volume estimates was carried out by comparing sample estimates to actual productionvolumes declared by producers for 44 of the 100 producers studied. This was found to be highlyrepresentative.A broad range of industry stakeholders were consulted during the project, outlined as follows:-NRELarge brewers and soft drink manufacturer: s.39Local large-scale juice and flavoured milk manufacturers:Packaging manufacturers and wholesalers: Cospak, Caled Containers, Visy, OroraIndustry bodies: Independent Brewers Association, Cider AustraliaTasmanian Department of HealthLiquor wholesalers:Independent retailers:ATO and Liquor LicencingSmall beverage producersELEASE Significant assistance was provided by contacts within s.39and s.39 , both in terms of providingtheir container data but also on advising market share and providing advice and guidance to theproject.Additional data was provided by three Departmental advisers on the small beverage industry:-RDamien Viney – cider and juiceJon Burridge – beer (IBA Tas rep)Craig Airey, Tas Chilli Beer Co – rep for non-alcohol / soft juice / very small operator.-DL 3.2 Data limitations and assumptionsThe proposed scheme does not include spirits or wine, and as such, spirits and wine are excludedfrom the definition of the Tasmanian Beverage Industry for the purposes of this report.RTIThis project was designed as a desktop-based overview of the Tasmanian Beverage industry. It wascarried out in a very short timeframe. Whilst a significant amount of hard data was provided byproducers and suppliers across the industry (in particular the larger producers and importers ofproduct into Tasmania), we also relied on estimated data from third parties that we considered tohave reliable industry knowledge. s.39Thirty percent of these business were contacted andestimated volumes validated against volumes provided by the maker or packager. Estimatedvolumes were found to be highly representative (generally within 15% of actual volume). Where thenumber of CRS-relevant containers produced per annum was not available, estimates were madebased on volume sold in Tasmania, and estimated representative package volume based on theproducers’ package types. Other data limitations are noted were relevant throughout the report.Whilst a significant proportion of available time was allocated to data validation where possible,project constraints resulted in limited time for data scrutiny and this should be taken into accountwhen making decisions based on the report findings.Understanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania Prepared for the Tasmanian Government – DPIPWEPrepared by RDS Partners Pty Ltd45
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009With these data limitations in mind, this report should be read as an indicative summary of theTasmanian beverage industry.4 The Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania4.1 Manufacturing4.1.1 Ingredient sourcingREThe Tasmanian beverage industry relies on a wide range of ingredients: sourced locally, frommainland Australia and from overseas. While, for example, cane sugar, flavourings, colourings, and arange of juice concentrates are sourced from outside the state, a significant proportion of applejuice, malt and hops are sourced from Tasmanian primary producers.s.394.1.2 Packaging sourcingELEASE-NAnnual Tasmanian apple crush volumes fluctuate depending on local and mainland fresh marketconditions. Around 5,000 t of Tasmanian apples were pressed in the 20/21 financial year, resulting inaround 2.2 million L of apple juice for juice and cider production. In addition, approximately 270,000L of imported apple juice concentrate (equivalent to 2 million L of fresh juice) was also used by theTasmanian cider industry over a similar period. Freshly pressed juice is used immediately for freshjuice or cider fermentation, or evaporated into apple juice concentrate for future use.-RThe Tasmanian beverage industry sources most of its packaging from interstate and overseas. Onepackaging manufacturer (Caled Containers) is based in the Huon Valley and produces more thans.39PET and HDPE containers of 600 ml and less, for use in the juice and flavoured milkindustries in Tasmania.-DLTable 1. Tasmanian beverage packaging suppliers consist of one locally based manufacturer (Caled Containers)and two wholesalers (Cospak and Plasdene). The vast majority of containers that come into the state aresourced by large producers, directly from the manufacturer (ie Orora and Visy). Data excludes spirits and winecontainers.Containers (Million units)s.39RTISourceCaled ContainersCospakPlasdeneOrora and Visy directThere are two main packaging wholesalers in Tasmania – Cospak Pty Ltd and Plasdene Glass-Pak PtyLtd. These wholesalers supply both Australian and internationally (European and Asian)manufactured glass, plastic and aluminium beverage packaging. s.39Large producers (such as s.39packaging manufacturers, predominantly Orora and Visy Industries.) purchase directly fromUnderstanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania Prepared for the Tasmanian Government – DPIPWEPrepared by RDS Partners Pty Ltd56
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009Data provided by Cospak indicates that they currently sell around s.39glass bottles ands.39aluminium cans of relevance to the Tasmanian CRS, to the independent beverage industry inTasmania. Plasdene Glass-Pak provide over s.39glass and plastic containers into theTasmanian beverage industry (excluding wine and spirits). This data suggests that both Tasmanianbased wholesalers combined account for around s.39containers of relevance to theTasmanian CRS.REIn comparison, direct sales from Orora and Visy Industries to Cascade and Boags alone total arounds.39glass and aluminium containers per annum. Other producers such as s.39alsopurchase containers directly from the manufacturer. The decision to source directly in large volumesis generally dependent on production volumes, cash flow and storage space.-NIn addition, it is likely that some independent beverage producers may also source glass containersdirectly from other Asian-based glass manufacturers, usually using an Australian agent, although thisis very difficult to quantify.4.1.3 Manufacturing structureELEASEThe shipping of empty premade containers into Tasmania accounts for a significant amount offreight volume. It should be noted that s.39also use on-site blow moulding technology thatallows shipping of a significant proportion of their containers as small plastic blanks that aremoulded into bottles just prior to filling. These blanks are sourced domestically and internationally,and allow for significant reduction in freight.-RMost producers in Tasmanian manufacture and package their own product on site. Severalproducers do rely on a third party to either fully manufacture and package their product, referred toas contract manufacture, or to package their product after they have manufactured it themselves(Table 2).TI-DLProducers such as s.39and s.39carry out contractproduction services for multiple clients, alongside production of their own brands. Of the 100Tasmanian beverage producers studied, at least 18 % have their product fully manufactured undercontract at another Tasmanian site. In the past, producers have sent product to the mainland forpackaging. This may still happen in some cases, but we did not identify any producers that currentlydo this.RIn recent years, cans have rapidly grown in popularity with consumers and, in combination with alow cost of production, this has resulted in a number of craft producers adopting cans into their coreportfolio. A growing number of Tasmanian producers now own canning lines. Even those notfocussed on contract packaging will also occasionally fill cans for other people. s.39Over 15 % of producers use contract (other producer’s) canningfacilities. Two producers were identified that utilised contract bottling services for their product.Understanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania Prepared for the Tasmanian Government – DPIPWEPrepared by RDS Partners Pty Ltd67
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009Table 2. Contract manufacturing and packaging of Tasmanian beverages (excluding spirits and wine). “Other”refers to all other non-beer and non-cider Tasmanian producers combined. Note: Cider numbers contain onemead maker, Cascade has been classified as beer producer in this summary.SectorBeerCiderOtherTotalThird Party Madeand Packed98219Made OnsiteCanned Offsite133Made OnsiteBottled Offsite2216RETotalProducers432532100-N4.2 Sales Logistics4.2.1 Sales and Distribution-ELEASEThe Tasmanian Beverage Industry is characterised by a relatively complex path to market, withproducts reaching the market in the following ways:Direct to national retailers (e.g. Coles, Woolworths, ALDI)Direct to independent retailers (e.g. IGA)Via large national wholesalers (e.g. Australian Liquor Marketers)Via small Tasmanian based wholesaler specialising in alcohol (e.g. s.39distribution (e.g s.39) or in food).Cellar DoorOnline sales direct to consumer.-R--DLIn some cases, product may be supplied to a mainland distribution centre (DC) and subsequentlysent back to Tasmania or sent to another state.1 This can make it difficult for the producer to knowin which state their product will actually be sold to the consumer. This feedback was given by morethan one producer. Around 85% of liquor is purchased off premise, with the remainder purchasedand consumed on premise (i.e. pubs, bars, restaurants).RTIIt is difficult to allocate proportional volumes that move through the various distribution channels.The Coles group has approximately s.39 market share in the non-alcoholic beverage sector and sellsaround s.39containers in Tasmania annually, however we were not able to determine whatproportion of this containers would be relevant to the Tasmanian CRS. While not available for theTasmanian non-alcohol sector, we were able to source some market data for alcohol (includingspirits and wine) sales supplied by s.39that gives a general indication of market sharein Tasmanian of the various retail outlets as follows (Table 3).1Time between production and retail sale is highly variable. Some producers may only packageoccasionally and product may sit in their warehouse for several months before beingdespatched. Larger producers may be able to despatch their product within a week or two and haveit on shelf within another week or two. Beer is generally much more time critical than most otherbeverages as it spoils more rapidly.Understanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania Prepared for the Tasmanian Government – DPIPWEPrepared by RDS Partners Pty Ltd78
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009Table 3. Indicative estimated liquor retail market share in TasmaniaMarket Share (%)RetailersREs.394.2.2 Product leaving TasmaniaELEASE-NAn estimated 65-75 million L of beverages (excluding wine and spirits) are produced in Tasmaniaannually, with around 27 million L of this volume (around 39%) leaving the state per annum. Themajor volume exporters are Boags and Cascade Breweries (Lion and Asahi owned, respectively), withthe independently owned Juicy Isle also playing a significant role in export. These three largeproducers account for over 90% of the State’s beverage export volume (excluding spirits and wine).In terms of CRS-relevant containers, s.39exported around 50% of their annualproduction (57 million eligible containers in the last year, see Table 4), accounting for around 95% ofthe state’s export. Of the data available from producers in the study, the small beverage industrycontributes only around 5% of the state’s beverage exports (excluding wine and spirits). Informationfor at least two water producers was not available and is not included in this estimate. Of the 96small Tasmanian producers examined in this study, (excluding s.39) atleast 17 send product out the state (see Table 5).-RTable 4. Total site volume (all products and containers), and number of CRS applicable containers of beverageproduced and exported out of Tasmania by large producers in the last year, in comparison to that estimated tobe produced by small Tasmanian beverages producers – data supplied by s.39).s.39Data is notexhaustive and excludes at least two water producers for whom information was not available.-DLSourceTIs.39Annual VolumeSite Total (million L)RSmall Tas Producers (Est.)TOTAL8.5-9.565-75CRS-relevant Containers Per AnnumProduced in TasExportedSold in 2264,487,316While Bega produce a significant amount of flavoured milk products in Tasmania, they only do so forthe Tasmanian market. Bega produces brands including Farmers Union, Dare and Big M. It shouldbe noted that annual site production in general does not necessarily reflect the number of CRSeligible containers due to a combination of export volume, product type and container size.Understanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania Prepared for the Tasmanian Government – DPIPWEPrepared by RDS Partners Pty Ltd89
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009Table 5. At least 17 Tasmanian Beverage Producers export product out of the state. This data is not exhaustive,there may be other producers that export product out of the state, annual production and proportion ofproduct exported are estimates).CompanyCategoryAnnual ProductionRange (L)Annual Proportion ofProduction ExportedELEASE-NREs.39-R5 Small Independent Tasmanian Beverage Industry Snapshot-DLFor this report, a maximum production threshold of 5 million L was used to define a “small”Tasmanian Beverage producer. This therefore excludes Asahi-owned Cascade (Beer and Ciderproduction), Lion-owned Boags and the independently owned Juicy Isle. s.39TIThese large producerscollectively account for around 85% of the state’s beverage production volume other than wine andspirits. The following data in this section excludes these producers.RNinety-six small Tasmanian beverage producing businesses were therefore included in the currentstudy. Whilst this list may not be exhaustive, we regard it as a highly representative sample of theindustry. These producers ranged from micro-producers, who use Farmer’s Markets as their primarypath to market, through to large established businesses that use multiple paths to market acrossAustralia. Due to the short time-frame available for this study, access to hard data for each producerwas not always possible. Where data was not sourced directly from a business, it was estimatedwith the assistance of various other industry members, including s.39etc. Web searches were also used in some cases to identify product range andpackaging types used. It should be noted that, whilst a significant proportion of the data has beenvalidated (44 producers validated), in the absence of validation from every maker, this data shouldbe treated as indicative only. For around 10% of identified business, no indication at all wasavailable for a particular variable, and in these cases, the data has been allocated as “unknown”.Understanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania Prepared for the Tasmanian Government – DPIPWEPrepared by RDS Partners Pty Ltd910
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009For the following summary data, producers have been grouped into beer, cider and non-alcohol(flavoured milk, juice, water, kombucha etc) producers. Pre-mixed drink products (RTDs etc) arediscussed briefly in section 4.1.8. It should be noted that a small number of non-alcohol producersalso produce alcoholic products. In this case, they have been considered as non-alcohol producersonly.5.1.1 Production VolumesREIn terms of number of producers, the Tasmanian beverage industry is significantly skewed towardssmall volume producers, with an estimated 69 % of the studied small Tasmanian businessesproducing less than 100,000 L of product per annum (Figure 1).-N302520ELEASENumber of ProducersProduction Volumes of Tasmanian Beverage Producers151050s.39-RAnnual Production Volume Range (L)Figure 1. Estimated annual total production volumes of small Tasmanian Beverage producers (includes kegs,large plastic vessels etc)RTI-DLThe data collected suggested that small Tasmanian beer brewers produce around 3 million L perannum. Interestingly, around half of the 25 cider producers identified are estimated to make lessthan 9,999 L per year (Figure 2). While breweries have a slightly wider spread of volumes, greaterthan 75% of Tasmanian craft breweries still produce under 100,000 L of beer per annum. Nonalcoholic beverages have an even broader spread of production volumes, noting, however that thiscategory contained a significant number of producers for whom production data was not available.Whilst volume data was not available for a number of non-alcohol producers, our feeling is that thecategory is represented by a wide spread of production volumes ranging from very small farmer’smarket producers, through to quite large water producers – individual production data is shown inTable 6.It should be noted that the ATO provided a very different volume estimate of around 1.2 million L forsmall Tasmanian beer brewers (excluding Cascade and Lion). This was calculated by the ATO fromexcise payments. Volume data supplied directly by s.39, s.39ands.39alone exceeds this figure. Despite discussion with the ATO, we were not able todetermine the reason for this discrepancy.Understanding the Beverage Industry Supply Chain in Tasmania Prepared for the Tasmanian Government – DPIPWEPrepared by RDS Partners Pty Ltd1011
ASSESSED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT TASMANIA UNDER THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2009Production Volumes of Tasmanian Brewers, Cider Makers andNon-Alcoholic Beverage Producers1410RE86Beer-NNumber of Producers1242Non-AlcELEASE0Ciders.39Annual Production Volumes (L)Figure 2. Estimated annual total production volumes of small Tasmanian beer, cider and non-alcoholicbeverage producers (includes kegs, large plastic vessels etc)-R5.1.2 Number of products packaged by producers-DLOn average, Tasmanian beverage producers have a combined product range of around six productseach (not including keg only products). This is quite variable however, with up to 30 bottledproducts per annum declared by one beer producer. In the case of brewers, and to some extentcider makers, seasonal products are often only packaged in 49.5 L kegs. This option is especiallyused for very small batches that don’t ju
the Tasmanian beverage industry. To achieve this, there needs to be a clear understanding of how the Tasmanian beverage industry supply chain is structured. The Tasmanian beverage manufacturing industry is comprised of a small number of large corporate (and one independent) manufacturers with four companies contributing to around 85% of the
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