BIOLOGY - KV Barkuhi

BIOLOGYSUPPORT MATERIAL2011 - 2012CLASS XIIKendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan18 Institutional AreaShaheed Jeet Singh MargNew Delhi - 11100161

MEMBERS OF THE CONTRIBUTING TEAM1.Mr. S.C.SAHAPGT BIOLOGY -K.V. No.1 BINAGURI2. Mrs. SOMA BANERJEEPGT BIOLOGY-K.V. BURDWAN3.Mrs. RUBY .C. DESHMUKHPGT BIOLOGY-K.V. SALUA4. Dr. SABYASACHI MAJUMDARPGT BIOLOGY-K.V. MALDA5.Mr GAUTAM BISWASPGT BIOLOGY-K.V. BARRACKPORE (ARMY)6.Mr.P.K.MAHAPATRAPGT BIOLOGY-K.V. BAMANGACHI7.Mrs. LIPIKA DEYPGT BIOLOGY-K.V. No.1 KANCHRAPARA8.Mrs. G. VIJAY LAKSHMIPGT BIOLOGY-K.V. BARRACKPORE (AFS)2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTCHIEF PATRONSRI AVINASH DIKSHIT, IDASCOMMISSIONERKENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHANNEW DELHIPATRONSSHAIK MOHAMMAD SALEEMASSISTANT COMMISSIONERKENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHANKOLKATA REGIONMs. CHANDANA MANDALEDUCATION OFFICERKENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHANKOLKATA REGIONCONVENORDR. (Mrs.) TANUJA SAMALPRINCIPALKENDRIYA VIDYALAYACOMMAND HOSPITAL3

CONTENTSSl NoChapterPages1234567895.1, 5 – 88.1, 9 – 1212.1 – 12.6, 13 – 2525.1 – 25.3, 26 – 3737.1, 38 – 4646.1, 47 – 5656.1, 57 – 6363.1 – 63.7, 64 – 6565.1, 66 – 681011121314Reproduction in animalSexual reproduction in flowering plantsHuman reproductionReproductive healthPrinciples of inheritance and variationMolecular basis of inheritanceEvolutionHuman health and diseasesStrategies for enhancement in foodproductionMicrobes in human welfareBiotechnology:principles and processesBiotechnology and its applicationOrganisms and populationsEcosystem1516Biodiversity and conservationEnvironmental issues1718192021Wordlist BingoCBSE Question & Marking SchemeList of important diagramHigh order thinking (hots)AssignmentsList of abbreviations and their expansion468.1, 69 – 7475 –9898.1, 99 – 102102.1, 103 -108108.1 – 108.8, 109 –110110.1, 111 – 113113.1 – 113.2, 114 –120121 – 125126 – 132133 – 134135 – 145146 –147

Chapter – 1: - REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMSLife SpanPeriod from birth till natural death.Every organism live only for a certain period of time.Reproduction –Producing young-ones of their kind, generation after generation.Types of reproduction:Asexual reproduction :single parent capable of producing offspring.Sexual reproduction : two parents are invovled in producing offspring.Modes of asexual reproduction Binary fission: parent body divides into two halves, genetically identical to parent.Amoeba: It is simple or irregular. Paramoecium: Transverse binary fission. Multiple fission: parent body divides into many daughter organisms : Plasmodium. Budding: daughter organisms grow from small buds arising in parent body.Exogenous budding: out side the body eg. Hydra, Yeast.Budding in Yeast Endogenous budding : inside the body eg. Gemmule in sponge. Conidia: non-motile, exogenous spores in chains eg. Fungi. Zoospores: microscopic motile structures eg. Algae. In plants : term vegetative reproductionfrequently used instead of asexual reproduction, units of vegetative propagation called vegetativepropagules. All organisms show remarkable similarity. Vast difference in their reproductive structure. Similarpattern or phases in their life cycles. Juvenile phase: The phase of growth before reproductive maturity. Reproductive phase: Reproductive maturity. Senescent phase: Phase between reproductive maturity and death. The main events of sexual cycle are:i. Prefertilisation events:a.Gametogenesis : The process of formation of male and female gametes by meiosis (cell-division). Homogamete(Isogamete): - gametes similar eg. Algae Heterogamete(an-isogamete): - morphologically dissimilar gamete ,male gamete (antherozoid orsperm) ,female gamete (egg or ovum) eg. Human. Sexuality in organisms : In plants Bisexual term is used for Homothallic and Monoecious plantsBoth male and female reproductive structures in same plant eg. Higher plants

BIOLOGY SUPPORT MATERIAL 2011 - 2012 CLASS XII Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan 18 Institutional Area Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg New Delhi - 1110016 . 2 MEMBERS OF THE CONTRIBUTING TEAM 1.Mr. S.C.SAHA PGT BIOLOGY -K.V. No.1 BINAGURI 2. Mrs. SOMA BANERJEE PGT BIOLOGY-K.V. BURDWAN 3.Mrs. RUBY .C. DESHMUKH PGT BIOLOGY-K.V. SALUA .