Botanical Gardens

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Botanical Gardens(UWBG)“One generation plants thetrees under which anothertakes its ease“(Chinese proverb taken fromwww.mobot.org)(Union Bay Natural Area)(Washington Park Arboretum)Botanical Gardens provide an opportunity to construct ecologically functionallandscapes on a large scale while at the same time educating individuals, professionalsand organizations about sustainable green infrasrtructure. Because of their large scaleand their role as educational facilities, they hold a unique potential to significantlyinfluence the direction and pace of urban green space design and planning. In additionto the numerous ecological and informal educational opportunities available in largeurban parks, Botanical Gardens provide the following opportunities:Education: Botanical gardens are usually committed to some level of publiceducation. This function is usually carried out through the combined use ofdemonstration gardens and displays, informal and formal instruction throughclasses, tour and web-based resources, outreach using publications suchas newsletters, and by making the most of passive experiential learning opportunities.Research: Botanical gardens, whether public, private or associated with anacademic institution, usually contain as part of their mission an aim to improve theunderstanding of plant biology, the role of plants in the environment and therelationship between people and plants. This often includes efforts to extend researchnetworks and expand collaborations on both global and local scales. Botanicalgardens often serve as both informational and physical databases (housing seed,live plant and herbarium specimen collections) for professional and amateur plantresearchers.Botanical Garden:“a garden often withgreenhouses for the culture,study, and exhibition ofspecial plants”(Miriam-Webster online)Recreation: Like large public parks, botanical gardens provide healthy recreationalopportunities and an escape from the urban infrastructureUsers: The typical audience and users of botanical gardens include the generalpublic as well as the professionals responsible for shaping urban lanscapes.1 BOTANIC GARDENS

Context(Missouri Botanical Garden)b.g.Botanical gardens have traditionally been landscapes of learning. Whether throughpassive or active opportunities, visitors to botanical gardens expect to be presentedwith new information, new sights and new experiences. When combined with the largescale of botanical gardens, their traditional role as educational landscapes puts themin a unique position to significantly influence the urban green infrastructure currently,through physical means, and into the future, through demonstration and education.Botanical gardens as spatial and informational hubs:spatial- Most cities can only support one botanical garden. However, they are oftencomposed of multiple landscapes, or associated with partner gardens, all withdifferent foci and located in different environments. The large, diverse landscapes ofthe botanical garden and its satellite partners provide multiple opportunities fordeveloping diverse, ecologically functional systems. They can serve as sourcelandscapes and refuges for biological organisms at multiple scales as well as filterand store water in the urban landscape.information systems: Botanical gardens can serve as a city’s informationaldatabase for ecologically sustainable design by actively educating the public throughclasses and the construction of demonstration landscapes as well as by serving as aclearing house for information about sustainable design.botanical garden with satellite landscapesin diverse environmentsaccess: Botanical gardens should make a significant effort to ensure accessibility tothe entire public and to develop an aggressive outreach campaign to attract people tothe gardens and to distribute information about sustainable design.CASE STUDY: Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis, Missouri)Integrating beauty, pleasure, educationand research:Mission: “To discover and shareknowledge about plants and theirenvironment, in order to preserveand enrich life.The Garden seeks to engage its visitorson a profound level - “to preserveand enrich life” by illuminating theimportance of plants to the balance oflife on Earth.While most visitors discover aheightened appreciation andunderstanding of the world’s richbotanical heritage, few realize thatbeyond the floral panoramas andexhibits there exists another realm;our internationally renowned researchenterprise. This is the “UnseenGarden.”http://www.mobot.org/2 BOTANIC GARDENSa model for research-focused gardensA private non-profit, 79 acre National Historic Landmark founded in 1859 by HenryShaw on the site of his private estate. Although a separate organization, the gardenhas an intimate relationship with the Botany Department at Washington University.It runs on donations from individuals and corporations and grants from publicagencies.focus: dedicated to botanical research and conservation, science education andhorticultural displayfeatures:research: research centers, library, herbarium, botanical databasehorticulture: display gardens, classes for the publiceducation: partnership with local schools to develop an overnight educationcenter for young students

Aquisition, Implementation, Support and Mangementhttp://www.arboretumfoundation.org/Public FacilitiesState Owned and Managed LandsUniversity or College GardensCity Owned and Managed LandsPrivate Donation of Land to Public Agencies- Kubota GardensPrivately Owned Business - Butchart GardensPrivate Non-profit - Missouri Botanical GardensPublic- Private PartnershipsWashington Park Arboretum: City-owned land but managed by three-waypartnership between University of Washington, Arboretum Foundation and Cityof SeattleBellevue Botanical Garden- City of Bellevue Parks and Bellevue Botanical GardenSociety. . . preserving a northwesttreasureAdditional Opportunties for Support and ManagementProgram, Course and Entrance FeesConcessionsVolunteer laborCASE STUDY: Butchart Gardens (Victoria, B.C.)www.butchartgardens.coma model for pleasure gardensBegun in 1904 on a former rock quarry, this family owned and operated classicalgarden has an international reputation for providing magnificent floral and foliagedisplays year-round. In 2004, the 55 acre garden was designated a National HistoricSite of Canadafocus: pleasure garden, horticulture, garden stylesItalian Garden, Japanese Garden, Rose Gardenfloral and foliage displaysfeatures:year-round entertainment fireworks saturdays (sell & rent blankets)summer evening light displayholiday light displays and activitiesmusic and theater “Summer Evening Sounds”Historical Perspectives walk- viewpoints providehistoric views of the gardens3 BOTANIC GARDENS

Essential Elementslocal landscapes: demonstration gardens highlighting local landscapes serve to teachvisitors about the complex environment in which they live and the role plants play inmaintaining a healthy, functioning systemglobal landscapes: demonstration gardens highlighting different landscape types fromaround the globe illustrate the relationship between the local landscape and thelarger, global tion beds: living examples of design approaches to addressing currentchallenges in urban landscapes illustrate alternatives to the traditional approachesto urban landscapes. demonstration beds include information about the application ofdemonstrated technologies to residential and other urban spacesexperimental landscapes: new approaches to constructing a green urbaninfrastructure are explored and explained in the gardenswayfinding and information: botanical gardens should have a clear, easily accessiblewayfinding system that provides information in multiple formats and clearly illustratesthe relationship between plants, people and their environmentrelaxation and escape: the entire landscape should be designed with theintent toprovide opportunities for escape from the built environmentconservation: preservation of species diversity through maintenance of livingcollections as well as seed collections and herbarium specimenshttp://www.redbuttegarden.org/CASE STUDY: Red Butte Botanical Garden (Salt Lake City, Utah)a new model for urban gardensNestled against the foothills of the Wasatch Mountains on University of Utahproperty, Red Butte takes visitors through highly sculpted and maintained landscapescontaining ornamentals to the native, arid landscape of the northern Utah desert.focus: horticulture - demonstration of ornamental and native plants that are wellsuited to Utah’s desert climate4 BOTANIC GARDENS

Pattern: Dedicated to pespassivelearning(Bellevue Botanical Garden)relaxation and escapelocal landscapesglobal landscapesCASE STUDY: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (U.K.)http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/a model for global perspectivesMission:To enable better management of the Earth’senvironment by increasing knowledge andunderstanding of the plant and fungal kingdoms the basis of life on earth.focus: Science and Horticulturechanging the world by:developing global reference collections,conducting world-wide research in all areas ofplant biology,supporting conservation and sustainable use ofplants in UK and world-wide,developing world-class gardens that providewindow into RBG’s workenabling world-wide collaboration, training andinformation exchangeFocus on People and PlantsConservation and WildlifeEducationCollections: plants, seeds, references, herbarium specimensData and Publications (collaboration and outreach)features:collections: formal gardens, wildlife areas, themed collectionsentertainment: guided and self-guided tours‘Kew Explorer’ people mover, ‘Climbers and Creepers’interactive play area, Festivals and Events - art exhibits,Christmas fete, ice skating5 BOTANIC GARDENS

Making Connections: Resources in and around SeattleUniversity of Washington CampusUW Botanic Gardens - 90 acres of display and natural areasDemonstration gardens: 16 acresOrin and Althea Soest Herbaceous Display GardenMarilou Goodfellow GroveSeattle Garden Club Entry Shade GardenMcVay CourtyardChildren’s GardenUnion Bay Natural Area 74 acres, 4 miles of shorelineUW Erna Gunther Botanical GardensUW Herb Garden/Pharmacognosy LabWithin Seattle City Limits:Washington Park Arboretum - 230 acres, 3 miles of shorelineKubota GardensWoodland Park Zoo. Beyond SeattleBellevue Botanical GardensRhododendron Species Botanical GardenCASE STUDY: Bellevue Botanical Gardens (Bellevue, WA.)a local model of collaborative managementMission: “Perpetuate and further enhance the Bellevue BotanicalGarden as a learning resource in partnership with the City of Bellevue.”facts: 36 acres of display gardens and managed jointly by City of Bellevue and Bellevue Botanical GardenSociety (501c3) and acquired through private donation andCity designationfocus: Education: Develop, maintain and promote interpretiveprograms and facilities for public education in gardening,horticulture and conservation relevant to the botanical heritage ofthe Pacific Northwest.Garden Development: assist the City of Bellevue to develop theBBG into a resource of regional and international renown.features: Waterwise GardenWater Conservation Demonstration Garden project of City of Bellevue Parks and Utilities DepartmentsBotanical Garden Resources:American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta (AABGA)www.aabga.org6 BOTANIC GARDENS

Botanical gardens have traditionally been landscapes of learning. Whether through passive or active opportunities, visitors to botanical gardens expect to be presented with new information, new sights and new experiences. When combined with the large scale of botanical gardens, their traditional role as educational landscapes puts them

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