Florida Building Code Advanced Training: Termites

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Florida Building CodeAdvanced Training: TermitesFlorida Building CommissionDepartment of Community Affairs2555 Shumard Oak BoulevardTallahassee, FL 32399-2100(850) 487-1824http://www.floridabuilding.org

Florida Department ofAgriculture and ConsumerServicesBureau of Entomology and Pest Control1203 Governor's Square Blvd., Ste. 300Tallahassee, FL 32301-2961(850) 921-4177http://www.floridatermitehelp.org

ContributorsDr. Faith Oi, Dr. Phil Koehler, LarryJacobs, Thomas Powell, Cynthia Tucker,Dept. of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of Florida,Florida Pest Management Association,and Florida Pest Control, GainesvilleDr. Kathleen Ruppert, Univ. of FL

Termite vs. Ant SwarmersA Source of Common ConfusionTermiteAnt(Isoptera)(Hymenoptera)

Colony Dynamics (castes) Three castes: Worker ReproductivesPrimary Secondary Soldier

Workers Feed queen and kingFeed the soldiersBrood careCause wood damage

Reproductives & Alates

Soldiers

Wood Damage & Fecal Pellets(Drywood termites)

DrywoodTermitesSubterraneanTermites

Eastern Subterranean Termites Feed in the soft portion of the woodCreate galleriesFeed on anything containing celluloseAn active colony can consume onepound of wood per day

Mud Tubes Entry into buildings Protection from DesiccationPredators

Subterranean TermitesMud tubes connect colonyin soil with wood in structure Nest in soil (generally) Colonies range in size from a fewthousand up to 10 million termites

Cracks in foundation

Why includetermite-related sections in theFlorida Building Code?Infested with TermitesDamageHeavydamage21%St. Johns County Survey of five-year-old houses

Why is subterranean termitecontrol so important now? Before 1988 chlordane, heptachlor, and aldrinwere used as barriers and lasted over 30 years After 1988 (post chlorinated hydrocarbon era)repellent termiticides replaced old chemistries Termiticides are now required to provide 5years of 100% protection when applied atthe labeled rate

The Ideal SituationBarrier free from gaps

RealityBarrier with gaps

1816 Termite Protection1816.1. Requires the following: all buildings have pre-construction treatmentprotection against subterranean termites; the rules and laws of the Florida Department ofAgriculture and Consumer Services apply to preconstruction soil treatment; a Certificate of Compliance—containing specificlanguage—is issued to the building department bythe licensed pest control company

105 Permits105.10 Certificate of Protective Treatment forPrevention of Termites Requires a weather-resistant board on the jobsite forposting of Termite Treatment Certificates Certificate must include: Product used Applicator Treatment time and date Site location Area treatedChemical usedConcentrationGallons used The final exterior treatment applies only to cases where asoil chemical barrier method is used

1816 Termite Protection1816.1 Termite Protection. Termite protection shall beprovided by registered termiticides, including soilapplied pesticides, baiting systems, and pesticidesapplied to wood, or other approved methods of termiteprotection labeled for use as a preventative treatmentto new construction. See §202, REGISTEREDTERMITICIDE. Upon completion of the application ofthe termite protective treatment, a Certificate ofCompliance shall be issued to the building departmentby the licensed pest control company that contains thefollowing statement: "The building has received acomplete treatment for the prevention of subterraneantermites. Treatment is in accordance with rules andlaws established by the Florida Department ofAgriculture and Consumer Services."

2304 Construction Requirements2304.13 Preparation of building siteand removal of debris 2304.13.1 Building sites shall be graded toprovide drainage under all portions of the buildingnot occupied by basements 2304.13.2 The foundation and area within 1 ftmust have all vegetation, stumps, dead roots,cardboard, trash, and foreign material removed.Any fill material must be free of vegetation andforeign material, as well.

2304 Construction Requirements2304.13 Preparation of building siteand removal of debris 2304.13.3 Lists items that must be removed underand within 1 foot of building 2304.11.10.1 Materials of naturally durable wood—orpressure treated for ground contact—with at least a 6inch space for inspection and treatment, are excepted 2304.13.4 Prohibits burying of construction andother materials within 15 feet of any building

Wood left onthe groundTermite swarmersat certain timesof the year

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.1 If protection of wood members isrequired by this section, it must be by usingnaturally durable or preservative-treated wood. 2302.1 Definitions: “naturally durable wood” refers to theheartwood of the following speciesDecay resistant: Redwood, Cedars, Black Locust Termite resistant: Redwood, Eastern Red Cedar an occasional piece with corner sapwood may be included if90% or more of the width on each side of it is heartwood

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites 2302.1 PRESERVATIVE-TREATED WOOD.The expression “preservative treated wood”refers to Wood (including plywood) pressuretreated with preservatives in accordance withSection 2303.1.8. 2304.11.2 through 2304.11.6 Wood subject todamage from both decay and termites shall be:a naturally durable species resistant to termitesor preservative-treated

109 Inspections109.3.4 Termites Building components and surroundings that mustbe protected from termite damage: in accordance with 1503.6, Section 2304.13, Section2304.11.6 orspecifically required to be inspected for termites inaccordance with 2114, orrequired to have chemical soil treatment in accordancewith 1816 shall not be covered or concealed until released bythe building official

1816 Termite Protection1816.1.1 – 1816.1.2 Include requirements thatif soil treatment is used: Initial treatment inside the foundation perimetershall be done after all excavation, backfilling, and compaction, andany soil area disturbed after the initial treatment shallbe retreated, including spaces boxed or formed

1816 Termite Protection1816.1.4 If soil treatment is used, requires: a minimum 6 mil vapor retarder to protect againstrainfall dilution retreatment if rainfall occurs before vapor retarderplacement that any work—including placement of reinforcingsteel—done after chemical treatment until theconcrete floor is poured, be done to avoid penetratingor disturbing treated soil

The 6-mil vapor retarder aids in avoidingdisplacement of the chemical termiticide.Use care not to create any holes in the material

1816 Termite Protection1816.1.3 If soil treatment is used, requires: In concrete floors, spaces boxed out/formedfor installation of plumbing traps, drains orany other purpose, must: Be of plastic or metal permanently-placed formsBe placed deep enough to eliminate any soildisturbance after the initial chemical soil treatment

1816 Termite Protection1816.2 PenetrationIf soil treatment is used protective sleeves aroundmetallic piping penetrating concrete slab-on-gradefloors: Must not be made of cellulose-containing materialsMust have a termiticide applied in the space betweenthe sleeve and the pipe

2114 Termite Inspection2114.1 Includes removal of all nonpreservative treated on or non-naturallydurable wood or other cellulose-containingmaterial in cells and cavities in masonryunits and air gaps between brick, stone ormasonry veneers and the structure prior toconcrete placement

2114 Termite Inspection2114.2 Brick, stone, or other veneer must be supported by aconcrete bearing ledge at least equal to the totalthickness of the brick, stone or other veneer, which ispoured integrally with the concrete foundation. No hidden cold joints are permitted without a supplementaltreatment in the foundation, unless there is an approvedphysical barrier.An approved physical barrier must also be installed from belowthe wall sill plate or the first block course to horizontallyembed in a mortar joint.If masonry veneer extends below grade and there is no physicalbarrier, a treatment must be applied to the cavity createdbetween the veneer and the foundation.

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.2.3Sleepers, sills and sole plates on aconcrete or masonry slab, which is in direct contact withearth, must be made of approved naturally durable orpreservative-treated wood. 2304.11.4.2 Wood structural members supportingmoisture- permeable floors or roofs which are exposedto the weather—such as concrete or masonry slabs—must be approved naturally durable wood orpreservative-treated wood unless separated from thefloors or roofs by an approved impervious moisturebarrier.

Hidden subterranean termite damage

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.2.4 Girder Ends Ends of wood girders entering exterior masonry or concrete walls mustbe: provided with ½ inch (12.7 mm) air space on tops, sides, and ends, unlessmade of approved naturally durable or preservative-treated wood.2304.11.2.2 Wood furring strips, or other wood framing members,attached directly to the interior of exterior masonry or concrete wallsbelow grade must be made of approved naturally durable orpreservative-treated wood.

1403 Performance Requirements1403.8 There must be a clearance of at least 6inches (152 mm) between exterior wallcoverings and final earth grade on theexterior of a building to allow for inspectionof termite infestation.Exceptions listed on next slide

1403 Performance Requirements1403.8 (cont'd)Exceptions:1. paint or decorative cementitious finish less than 5/8 inchthick adhered directly to the masonry foundation sidewall2. access or vehicle ramps which rise to the interior finishfloor elevation for only the width of the ramp3. a 4-inch inspection space above patio and garage slabs andentry areas4. if the patio has been soil treated for termites, the finishelevation may match the building interior finish floorelevations on masonry construction only5. masonry veneers

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.2.5 There must be clearance on theexterior of a building between the woodsiding and the earth of at least 6 inches (152mm), except where siding, sheathing andwall framing are made of preservativetreated or naturally durable wood.

Wood and siding (on right)in contact with soil

Mud tubes

2304.11.10 Foam Plastic Insulation 2304.11.10.1 The provisions of Section 2603. 9 shall applyto the installation of foam plastic insulation in closeproximity to the ground. Exception: Materials which are of naturally durable woodor are pressure treated for ground contact, and which areinstalled with at least 6 inches (152 mm) clear space fromthe structure to allow for inspection and treatment fortermites. In order to reduce chances of termite infestation, no wood,vegetation, stumps, dead roots, cardboard, trash, or othercellulose-containing material shall be buried on thebuilding lot within 15 feet (4.6 m) of any building or theposition of any building proposed to be built.

2603.9 Protection from termite damage2603.9.2 Clearance between earth and foamplastics applied to the exterior wall must beat least 6 inches (152 mm).

2603 Foam Plastic Insulation2603.9 Protection from termite damage 2603.9.1 Foam plastic insulation—including, but not limited to extruded orexpanded polystyrene orpolyisocyanurate—cannot be installedbelow grade on foundation walls or theexterior of slab foundations.Exceptions listed on next slide

2603.9 Protection from termite damage2603.9.1 (cont'd):Exceptions1. When—in addition to the requirements of2304.11.6—an approved method isprovided of protecting the foam plastic andstructure from subterranean termite damage2. Within Types I, or II-B, construction.3. On the interior side of basement walls.

1503 Weather Protection1503.6 Protection against decay andtermites Condensate lines and roof downspouts must dischargeat least 1 foot (305 mm) away from the structuresidewall. All buildings with eaves of less than 6 inches horizontalprojection—except for gable end rakes, or on a roofabove another roof—are required to have gutters withdownspouts. FBC, Plumbing 316.1 Irrigation/sprinkler systems andrisers for spray heads cannot be installed within 1 footof the building sidewall.

1816 Termite Protection1816.1.5 – 1816.1.6 Includes requirementsthat if soil treatment is used: concrete overpour or mortar accumulated along the exteriorfoundation perimeter must be removed prior to exteriorchemical soil treatment chemical soil treatments must also be applied under allexterior concrete or grade within one (1) foot of the primarystructure sidewalls also, a vertical chemical barrier must be applied promptlyafter construction is completed, including initial landscapingand irrigation/sprinkler installation any soil disturbed after the chemical vertical barrier isapplied must be promptly retreated.

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.4.3 (Wood) Decks, fences, patios, planters,or other wooden building components thatdirectly abut the sidewall of the foundation orstructure must be constructed with: 18 inch (457 mm) clearance beneath or, 6 inch (152 mm) clearance between the top of thecomponent and the exterior wall covering or, components that are easily removable by screws orhinges to allow access for inspection of the foundationsidewall and treatment for termites.

105 Permits105.11 Notice of termite protectionA permanent sign with the name of termitetreatment provider and the need for re-inspectionand contract renewal must be posted near thewater heater or electric panel.

Special Situations Crawl spacesWood in retaining or crib wallsOne story buildings under 400 sq ftWood quality and use issuesHigh velocity hurricane zones

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.2.2 FramingAll wood framing and sheathing less than 8 inches (203 mm) from exposed earth inexterior wallsthat rests on preservative-treated wood, concrete ormasonry foundationsmust be made of approved naturally durable orpreservative-treated wood.

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.2.1 Joists, girders and subfloor Where wood joists or the bottom of a wood structural floorwithout joists are closer than 18 inches (457 mm), or wood girders are closer than 12 inches (305 mm) to theexposed ground in crawl spaces or unexcavated areas located within the perimeter of the buildingfoundation, the floor assembly (including posts, girders, joists and subfloor)shall be of naturally durable or preservative-treated wood.

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.4.1 Posts or columns supportingpermanent structures that are embedded inconcrete in direct contact with the earth orembedded in concrete exposed to weather,or in direct contact with the earth, shall beof preservative-treated wood.

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.7 Wood used in retaining or crib walls Shall be of preservative-treated wood treatedin accordance with AWPA C2 or C9 for soiland fresh water contact

2303.1.8.1 Identification2301.4.6 Wood required by 2304.11 to bepreservative-treated must bear the quality mark ofan approved inspection agency. This mark mustinclude the following information: Identification of the treating manufacturerThe type of preservative usedThe minimum preservation retention (pcf)The end use for which the product is treatedThe AWPA standard to which the product was treatedThe name of the accredited inspection agency

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.5 Naturally durable or preservativetreated wood must be used for woodenstructural supports of buildings when thesupports are exposed to the weather withoutprotection (by a roof or other covering) frommoisture or water accumulation on the surfaceor at joints.

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.4 Wood in contact with ground or belowground level which supports permanent structuresmust be approved preservative-treated woodsuitable for ground contact use.Exceptions:Wood not preservative-treated used for supports when: entirely below ground water level orcontinuously submerged in fresh water

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.4.1 All posts, poles, and columnssupporting permanent structures, andembedded in concrete which is in contactwith ground, shall be approvedpreservative-treated wood

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites 2304.11.2.6 Posts or columns. Posts or columns supporting permanentstructures and supported by a concrete or masonry slab or footing that is in direct contactwith the earth shall be of naturally durable orpreservative-treated wood. Exceptions continued next slide:

2304.11.2.6 Post or ColumnsExceptions 1.Posts or columns that are either exposed to theweather or located in basements or cellars, supported byconcrete piers or metal pedestals projected at least 1 inch(25 mm) above the slab or deck and 6 inches (152 mm)above exposed earth, and are separated there from by animpervious moisture barrier. 2.Posts or columns in enclosed crawl spaces orunexcavated areas located within the periphery of thebuilding, supported by a concrete pier or metal pedestal ata height greater than 8 inches (203 mm) from exposedground, and are separated there from by an imperviousmoisture barrier.”

2304.11 Protection AgainstDecay and Termites2304.11.3 If the structural supports of abuilding are made of glued laminatedtimbers, which are exposed to weatherwithout protection, they must be made ofpreservative-treated or naturally durablewood.

1820 High Velocity HurricaneZones—Concrete Slabs on Fill1820.2 and 1820.5 All fill placed under slabs must be cleansand or rock, free of debris. Max size ofrock within 12” below slab is 3” Fill must be thoroughly compacted

Subterranean Termite TreatmentMethods and Practices Soil treatment with residual termiticides Installation of termite colony monitoringand baiting systems Treatment of structural wood with boratecontaining compounds Installation of physical barriers to termiteinfestation

2304.13 Preparation of building site and removal of debris 2304.13.1 Building sites shall be graded to provide drainage under all portions of the building not occupied by basements 2304.13.2 The foundation and area within 1 ft must have all vegetation, stumps, dead roots, cardboard, trash, and foreign material removed.

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