Oil And Gas VOC Emissions And Chemistry
Oil and gas VOC emissions and chemistryJessica B. GilmanChemistry:Emissions:Raw oil and natural gas are complex mixtures ofmethane and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)VOCs may react in the atmosphere to formtropospheric ozone (O3) and organic aerosolIngredients and reactions needed to make ozone (O3):VOCs,OHCO, CH4 (O2)You are hereOil & gaswellsOVOCs,CO2, H2OMeasurement siteNO2O2sunlightHO2NOO3Denver Front Range on an ozone exceedance dayDenverOzone non-attainmentarea since 2007Photo: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, APCDOil and gas emissions have a unique “source signature”that is distinguishable from other fossil fuel sourcesVOC emissions from oil and gas in Uintah and DenverBasins are an important source of O3 precursorsCSD’s Role: Characterize the chemical composition of volatile organic compound (VOC)emissions from oil and gas operations in order to assess potential air quality impactsESRL/Chemical Sciences Division Laboratory Review30 March – 1 April 2015Poster 4-2
Oil and gas VOC emissions and chemistryEmissions from oil and gas have a unique “source signature”Urban Ratio 2.4 20%Full shownScale at full scaleNotUrbanEmissions28 U.S. Cities (Baker, 2008)Gasoline (Schauer, 2002)Vehicle Exhaust (Gentner, 2009)Urban emissions of VOCs are dominatedby gasoline related sources (Warneke, 2013) Oil andGas Fieldsi-Pentane is the most abundanthydrocarbon in gasolineNatural Gas Ratio 0.88 20%Uintah Basin, UT 2012Denver Basin, CO 2011Raw Natural Gas Compositionfrom Colo. Oil and Gas Conservation Comm. ReportUrbanOil and sions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from oil and gas can be clearlydistinguished from other fossil fuel sources allowing for accurate source apportionmentESRL/Chemical Sciences Division Laboratory Review30 March – 1 April 2015Poster 4-2
Oil and gas VOC emissions and chemistryEmissions from oil and gas have a unique “source signature”Urban Ratio 2.4 20%Full Scale28 U.S. Cities (Baker, 2008)Gasoline (Schauer, 2002)Vehicle Exhaust (Gentner, 2009)Urban emissions of VOCs are dominatedby gasoline related sources (Warneke, 2013) Oil andGas Fieldsi-Pentane is the most abundanthydrocarbon in gasolineNatural Gas Ratio 0.88 20%Uintah Basin, UT 2012Denver Basin, CO 2011Raw Natural Gas Compositionfrom Colo. Oil and Gas Conservation Comm. ReportUrbanWe have observed high levels of VOCs near oiland gas operations in the Denver and UintahBasins (Petron, 2012; Gilman, 2013; Edwards, 2013)Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from oil and gas can be clearlydistinguished from other fossil fuel sources allowing for accurate source apportionmentESRL/Chemical Sciences Division Laboratory Review30 March – 1 April 2015Poster 4-2
Oil and gas VOC emissions and chemistryEach shale basin has a unique “chemical fingerprint”Factor of 10difference inVOC ratiosIncreasing chemical reactivityAir toxicsThe chemical composition of each basin is critical input to chemical inventories,atmospheric models, and the regulatory community. “One profile does not fit all.”ESRL/Chemical Sciences Division Laboratory Review30 March – 1 April 2015Poster 4-2
Oil and gas VOC emissions and chemistryVOCs may react in the atmosphere to form ozone (O3)Reactivity of VOCs with OH(Potential O3 precursors)Uintah Basin, UtahMedian OH reactivity 11.7Winter 2014s-1Denver Basin, Colo.Pasadena, CaliforniaMedian OH reactivity 1.0 s-1Summer 2012Median OH reactivity 6.0 s-1Summer oalkanesAlkanes35% Oxy-VOCs35%17%7%35%Arom.5% Composition of O3 precursors emitted from oil and gas sources is dominated by alkanes On average, 55 18% of the VOC-OH reactivity was attributable to emissions from oiland gas operations in the Denver Basin in winter 2011 indicating that these emissionsare a significant source of ozone precursors (Gilman et al., 2013)Characterizing the chemical composition of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissionsfrom oil and gas operations is critical to assessing potential air quality impactsESRL/Chemical Sciences Division Laboratory Review30 March – 1 April 2015Poster 4-2
Oil and gas VOC emissions and chemistryJessica B. GilmanStakeholders:Two CSD co-authored studies [Petron et al. (2011) and Gilman et al. (2013)] wereused as “State Exhibits A &B” out of 143 total exhibits by the ColoradoDepartment of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) in 2014 as part of aregulatory hearing aimed at reducing methane and VOC emissions from oiland gas sources in c-meeting-materials-february-19-23-2014Key Points: VOC emissions from oil and gas has a distinct “source signature” allowing for accurateattribution of VOC sources Each basin has a unique VOC composition related to oil and gas operations VOCs from oil and gas are a significant source of O3 precursors in Denver and Uintah BasinsCharacterizing the emissions of methane and VOCs from oil and gas operationsis critical to assessing future climate and air quality impactsESRL/Chemical Sciences Division Laboratory Review30 March – 1 April 2015Poster 4-2
Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from oil and gas can be clearly distinguished from other fossil fuel sources allowing for accurate source apportionment Urban Oil and Gas Fields Full Scale from Colo. Oil and Gas Conservation Comm. Report Raw Natural Gas Composition Emissions from oil and gas have a unique "source signature"
1.Engine Oil SABA 13 1.Engine Oil 8000 14 1.Engine Oil 6000 15 1.Engine Oil 3000 16 1.Engine Oil Alvand 17 1.Engine Oil Motor Cycle Engine Oil M-150 18 1.Engine Oil M-100 19 1.Engine Oil Gas Engine Oil CNG-BUS 20 1.Engine Oil G.I.C.X.LA 21 1.Engine Oil G.I.C.X. 22 1.Engine Oil Diesel Engine Oil Power 23 1.Engine Oil Top Engine 24
Upstream Oil and Gas Emissions Calculations: Storage Tanks Page 1 Upstream Oil and Gas Emissions . Two tests: one for flow rate, one for volatile organic compounds (VOC) concentration and speciation Should measure flash, working, and breathing . pollutants (HAP) or toxics composition data for gas and/or liquid phase Sales gas .
STATE OIL AND GAS BOARD OF ALABAMA Berry H. (Nick) Tew, Jr. State Geologist and Oil and Gas Supervisor S. Marvin Rogers General Counsel STATE OIL AND GAS BOARD OF ALABAMA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OIL AND GAS REPORT 1 RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE CONSERVATION OF OIL AND GAS IN ALABAMA and OIL AND GAS LAWS OF ALABAMA with OIL AND GAS BOARD FORMS
A compliant coating is one that meets a specific regulatory VOC per gallon limitation, e.g., 3.5 lbs VOC/gal, 3.0 lbs VOC/gal, etc., when it is mixed and applied. Many coating manufacturers include strict thinning or reducing instructions to ensure the as-packaged and as-applied (mixed) VOC content of the
The 2012 and 2016 Oil and Gas Methane and VOC Rules 1. 2012 NSPS In 2012, EPA issued New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) under CAA § 111(b) for VOC emissions from new and modified sources in the oil and gas sector, covering the production and processing segments (but not transmission and storage).11 In brief, the standards covered:
where R s solution gas oil ratio, scf/stb V gas gas volume in standard condition, scf V st oil volume in stock tank condition, stb oil gas s V V R Solution Gas Oil Ratio - GOR The solution gas-oil ratio (GOR) is a general term for the amount of gas dissolved in the oil.Solution GOR in black oil systems typically range from 0 to approximately 2000 scf / bbl. 2022-2023 Nabaz Ali Reservoir .
Greenhouse gas emissions from Washington State agencies represent about 1.0 percent of total state greenhouse gas emissions. However, state government is in a unique position to demonstrate leadership in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. This report provides information about greenhouse gas emissions by Washington .
appointment before or immediately after accepting an appointment, bearing in mind the terms of the arbitration agreement, including any arbitration rules and the law of the place of arbitration (lex arbitri). 2. The terms of appointment should be recorded in writing and should address the nature of the appointment, arrangements for the arbitrators’ remuneration and any other material terms .
