Virginia Small Grain Forage Variety Testing Report: Long-Term Summary .

publication 418-019Virginia Small Grain ForageVariety Testing Report:Long-Term Summary(1994-2004)www.ext.vt.eduProduced by Communications and Marketing, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2009Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion,age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer.Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University,and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Mark A. McCann, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech,Blacksburg; Alma C. Hobbs, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg.

Crop and Soil Environmental SciencesVirginia Small Grain Forage Variety Testing Report: Long-Term Summary(1994-2004)S. Ray Smith, Extension Specialist, Forages, Virginia TechWade Thomason, Extension Specialist, Grains, Virginia TechBrinkley Benson, Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia TechDave Starner, Research Associate, Department of Horticulture, Virginia TechDenton Dixon, Superintendent and Retired Technician, Northern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension CenterIntroduction. 1Virginia Small-Grain Forage Variety Trials in 1994-2004. 1Yield Differences. 1Choice of Species and Cultivars. 1Virginia Small Grain Forage Variety Plot Management Information. 2Virginia Small Grain Forage Variety Plot Test Participants. 3Small Grain Forage Variety Test - Northern Piedmont AREC, Orange, Va.Boot Stage Relative Yield and Crude Protein Average of All Years Tested. 4Soft Dough Stage Relative Yield and Crude Protein Average of All Years Tested. 62003-2004Boot Stage. 8Soft Dough Stage. 92002-2003Boot Stage. 10Soft Dough Stage. 112001-2002Boot Stage. 12Soft Dough Stage. 132000-2001Boot Stage. 14Soft Dough Stage. 151999-2000Boot Stage. 16Soft Dough Stage. 171998-1999Boot Stage. 18Soft Dough Stage. 191997-1998Boot Stage.20Soft Dough Stage. 211996-1997Boot Stage.22Soft Dough Stage.231995-1996Boot Stage. 24Soft Dough Stage.251994-1995Boot Stage. 26Soft Dough Stage. 271993-1994Boot Stage.28Soft Dough Stage.29Climate2003-04.302002-03.30Monthly Precipitation Charts: 2004-1994. 31Additional Information on Small Grains. 35

ing (milk) scale. A list of the companies and organizationsparticipating in the trials over the years is included alongwith a summary of cultural practices implemented.IntroductionCool-season cereal crops form the backbone of manyfarm enterprises in the United States, including those inVirginia. However, except for rye, Virginia producersmake limited use of the tremendous forage potential of cereal crops. The hardiness of small grains allows productionon land that would not support a corn silage crop, and sincea large percentage of small-grain forage is being grown ina double-crop system, productivity from a given land areacan be increased. Small-grain silage also permits greateruse of silage storage and feeding equipment. Two factorsthat have a great effect on silage quality and quantity arespecies and variety of small grain used and the stage ofmaturity at harvest.Yield DifferencesExperimental plots vary in yield and other measurementsdue to their location in the field and other factors which cannot be controlled. The statistics given in the tables are intended to help the reader make valid comparisons betweencultivars. The magnitude of differences which may havebeen due to experimental error has been computed for thedata and listed at the bottom of columns as the LSD (.05)(least significant difference with 95 percent confidence).Differences less than the LSD are assumed not to be realdifferences with 95 percent confidence.This publication reports 35 percent DM, DM yield, andquality factors for oats, wheat, barley, rye, and triticalecrops harvested from trials at the Northern PiedmontAgricultural Research and Extension Center (AREC) from1994-2004.Choice of Species and CultivarsWhen making selections, the reader should realize that cultivars differ in their performance under different environments. Some are more adapted to a wide range of environments. Cultivar performance often varies with year andlocation. This is to be expected due to differences in rainfall, temperature, pests, and other environmental variables.In these experiments, many cultivars have essentially thesame yield, and great care should be taken in interpretingthe results of a single year’s tests, especially at only one location. For these reasons it is important, whenever possible,to also look at long-term average yields when making selections. Multi-year averages give even greater confidence tocultivar performance decisions.Virginia Small-Grain Forage VarietyTrials in 1994-2004One forage production trial of commercial barley, oat, rye,triticale, and wheat cultivars was conducted yearly from1994-2003 at the Northern Piedmont AREC, Orange. Theplots were harvested for forage yield at the boot (GS 45)and soft dough (GS 85) stages for barley, oats, triticale, andwheat and at the boot and flowering stages for rye. The plotswere harvested with a 12-inch jari sickle-bar mower fromthe length of the plot and weighed with a tripod and hang-1

Virginia Small Grain Forage Variety Plot Management InformationLocation:Soil Type:Land orthern Piedmont AREC, OrangeDavidson silty clay loamConventional tillage10/14/03-10/16/0310/20/03-10/28/0310/03/03 – 25 lb N, 50 lb P2O5, 50 lb K 2O, and 30 lb S per acre02/26/04 – 60 lb N per acre10/02/0210/11/0209/19/02 – 25 lb N, 50 lb P2O5, 50 lb K 2O, and 30 lb S per acre03/10/03 – 60 lb N per acre10/02/01-10/05/0110/20/0109/17/01 – 25 lb N, 50 lb P2O5, 50 lb K 2O, and 30 lb S per acre03/06/02 – 60 lb N per acre10/11/00Not recorded10/03/00 – 25 lb N, 50 lb P2O5, 50 lb K 2O, and 30 lb S per acre02/27/01 – 60 lb N per acre10/25/99-10/26/9911/08/9909/20/99 – 25 lb N, 50 lb P2O5, 50 lb K 2O, and 30 lb S per acre03/01/00 – 60 lb N per acre10/07/98Not recorded09/24/98 – 25 lb N, 50 lb P2O5, 50 lb K 2O, and 30 lb S per acre02/01/99 – 60 lb N per acre10/06/9710/15/9709/24/97 – 25 lb N, 22 lb P2O5, and 50 lb K 2O per acre02/22/98 – 60 lb N per acre10/17/9610/25/9610/14/96 – 30 lb N, 70 lb P2O5, and 70 lb K 2O per acre02/18/97 – 60 lb N per acre10/25/9511/03/9509/22/95 – 30 lb N per acre. P and K applied at soil test recommended levels02/26/96 – 60 lb N per acre10/05/9410/14/9403/13/95 – ¼ pt. Banvel and ½ pt 2,4-D per acre.10/03/94 – 2 5 lb N, 50 lb P2O5, and 50 lb K 2O per acre03/16/95 – 60 lb N per acre10/13/9310/22/9309/30/93 – 2.5 tons lime per acre09/30/93 – 60 lb N, 50 lb P2O5, and 50 lb K 2O per acre03/18/94 – 60 lb N per acre2

Virginia Small Grain Forage Variety Plot Test iPamunkeyPriceStarlingVA eyBarley128N90-6590RodgersSS 76-30OatsOatsOats1155861184511119846AbruzziABT XR9901ABT XR9903Early GrazerGrazemasterGrazerPastarSPI EXPSR-XR9908V N S (MI)V N S (SD)Virginia AbruzziWheelerWinter Grazer 70Winter 83333333333333333ArciaEnduroRSI Exp 111RSI Exp 501RSI Exp AZ 1998RSI L762RSI TCL Exp 368RSI TCL Exp 451Trical 102Trical 2115Trical 2205Trical 2700Trical 308Trical 336Trical 498Trical 815Trical IvanTrical eTriticaleTriticale7999999910912Featherstone WheatWheatWheatWheatWheatWheatSource1.Paul MurphyNCSUCampus Box 7629840 Method Road Unit 3Raleigh, NC 27695-76292.Myron FountainNC Foundation Seed8220 Riley Hill Rd.Zebulon, NC 27597(919) 269-55923.Bill SmithResource Seeds2355 Rice PikeUnion, KY 410914.Tony HarperPennington Seed, Inc.PO BOX 290Madison, GA 306505.Wayne SwinkPO Box 326Tulia, TX 790886.Butch JohnsEvergreen SeedPO Box 27Rice, VA 239667.Juan WhittingtonFeatherstone Farm13941 Genito Rd.Amelia, VA 2230028.Howard TaborS. States Central OfficePO Box 26234Richmond, VA 232609.David WhittVirginia Crop Improvement Assoc.9142 Atlee Station RoadMechanicsville, VA 2311110. KY Seed Improvement Assoc.PO Box 12008Lexington, KY 40579-200811. Check - purchased locally12. Carl GriffeyVirginia TechDept. of CSESBlacksburg, VA 240613

Small Grain Forage Variety TestNorthern Piedmont AREC, Orange, Va.Boot Stage Relative Yield and Crude Protein Average of All Years eBarsoyPamunkeyVA 92-42-279Species1BBBBBBBB2004AVG2Relative Yield, %116116103116978795988897.101.97.1002004AVG2Crude Protein, 4.14.40.16.01.17.15Years Tested11110112231SS 13.771166WheelerEarly Grazer6250 AbruzziAbruzziABT XR9901ABT XR9903GrazemasterPastarSPI ExpSR-XR9908V N S (MI)V N S (SD)VA CT AbruzziWinter Grazer 70Winter 611243245458Trical 102Trical 2700Trical 336Trical 815Trical RSI 342Trical 2205Trical 498Trical 2115Trical 9516.1415.231195713103424

Small Grain Forage Variety TestNorthern Piedmont AREC, Orange, Va.Boot Stage Relative Yield and Crude Protein Average of All Years Tested (continued)CultivarRSI Exp AZ1998RSI TCL Exp368RSI TCL Exp451Trical JenkinsTrical L762Species1T2004AVG2Relative Yield, %.1222004AVG2Crude Protein, %.15.50Years 00McCormickW96SissonW94Featherstone W.1B - Barley, O - Oat, R - Rye, T - Triticale, W - Wheat2 Average of all years tested, 1993-2004. elative Yield is the relative ranking of a variety’s yield, compared to others in a particular test. A Relative Yield scoreRof 100% indicates that a variety’s yield performance is average among those in a test.5

Small Grain Forage Variety TestNorthern Piedmont AREC, Orange, Va.Soft Dough Stage Relative Yield and Crude Protein Average of All Years iceCallaoBarsoyPamunkeyVA 92-42-279BBBBBBBB2004AVG2Relative Yield, %11411410610110410490918698.92.95.108SS 8.537.931166WheelerEarly GrazerPastarV N S (SD)GrazemasterABT XR9901Winter Grazer 70Winter KingSPI ExpABT XR9903V N S (MI)AbruzziVA CT Abruzzi6250 1.7711.9712.6910.7510.6312.54109342157315531Trical 336Trical RSI 342Trical 2700Trical 102Trical 2205Trical 2115Trical 815Trical 498Trical 308ArciaRSI Exp 111RSI Exp 915.835181033710421162004AVG2Crude Protein, 0.6.68Years Tested11111210231

Small Grain Forage Variety TestNorthern Piedmont AREC, Orange, Va.Soft Dough Stage Relative Yield and Crude Protein Average of All Years Tested (continued)CultivarRSI Exp AZ 1998RSI TCL Exp 368RSI TCL Exp 451Trical JenkinsTrical L762Species1TTTTT2004AVG2Relative Yield, McCormickW96SissonW94Featherstone W.1B - Barley, O - Oat, R - Rye, T - Triticale, W - Wheat2Average of all years tested, 1993-20043 Rye harvested at flowering1071049796999785999884932004AVG2Crude Protein, 07.027.736.637.517.596.766.257.996.967.18Years Tested21321311624854412 elative Yield is the relative ranking of a variety’s yield, compared to others in a particular test. A Relative Yield scoreRof 100% indicates that a variety’s yield performance is average among those in a test.7

Small Grain Forage Variety TestNorthern Piedmont AREC, Orange, Va. 2003-2004Boot inADF %NDF %TDN .518.377.763.563.172.982.932.72SS rly 58.0352.7762669.786.053.422.12Trical 102Trical 2700Trical 336Trical 815Trical RSI 342Trical 2205Trical 498Trical 2115Trical 04/223090LSD 0.051B - Barley, O - Oat, R - Rye, T - Triticale, W - Wheat8

Small Grain Forage Variety TestNorthern Piedmont AREC, Orange, Va. 2003-2004Soft Dough Stage35% DMYieldDM nches)Lodging%% CrudeProteinADF %NDF %TDN 346.336.04SS ly 68.05565616.7014.595.855.11Trical 336Trical RSI 342Trical 2700Trical 102Trical 2205Trical 2115Trical 815Trical 498Trical 06/01390McCormickW06/01380SissonW05/27380LSD 0.051B - Barley, O - Oat, R - Rye, T - Triticale, W - 9

Small Grain Forage Variety TestNorthern Piedmont AREC, Orange, Va. 2002-2003Boot inADF %NDF %TDN%35% DMYieldDM Yield(tons/ac) 42.53RodgersN90-6590SS 23.273.123.05WheelerV N S (MI)GrazemasterWinter Grazer 70SPI ExpEarly 4.072.892.752.492.402.17Trical 336Trical 2700Trical 102ArciaTrical 815Trical 2205Trical 308Trical 2115Trical stone sonW04/283283LSD 0.051B - Barley, O - Oat, R - Rye, T - Triticale, W - Wheat10