European Sociological Association 14 Conference Europe And .
European Sociological Association14 ConferenceEurope and Beyond: Boundaries, Barriers and BelongingManchester, UK, 20-23 August 2019Ethnicity and employability: Comparing theoutcomes of Albanian and Italian graduatesfrom Italian universitiesDorel MANITIU, Ph.DInternational Relation Office & ProjectsInter-university Consortium AlmaLaurea,Bologna, Italy
ContentsIntroduction: what AlmaLaurea isAlmaLaurea surveys and sources we useForeign graduates in Italian universitiesComparison between Italian and Albanian graduatesAlmaLaurea Graduates Tracking survey: Italian and Albaniangraduates outcomesDorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)2
ALMALAUREA INTERUNIVERSITY CONSORTIUMAlmaLaureais an Inter-universityConsortium, founded in Italyin 1994,at the University of Bologna.It is a bottom up initiativewhich involves, nowadays,75 Universities and about90% of graduates in ItalySince 2015 AlmaLaurea is in the SISTAN (NationalStatistics System), the network of units that can provideofficial statistical information in ItalyDorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)3
ALMALAUREAThe AlmaLaurea project is based on three pillars: an annual survey (census survey) on the graduates’ profileinternal effectiveness of HEIs): aggregate data an annual survey (census survey) on the graduates’ employmentsituation at 1, 3 and 5 years after graduationexternal effectiveness of HEIs: aggregate data an online databank wof graduates CVs (more than 2.6 million): toolimprove the match between supply and demand of graduates onlabour market).services to companies and firms: online based recruitment services, ad hoc humancapital selection, employer branding, etc.Dorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)4
GRADUATES PROFILESources we useInformation providedby graduatesinstrumentOnline Questionnairefor graduates Information providedby universitiesInstrumentAdministrative GraduaterecordQuality and completeness of information High Quality andcertification of graduates' informationinstrumentAlmaLaurea DatabaseGraduates' ProfileAlmaLaurea yearly reportDorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)5
GRADUATES EMPLOYMENT STATUSANNUAL CENSUS SURVEY ON GRADUATES’ EMPLOYMENTSITUATION (630.000 graduates surveyed in three years)It is run through a CAWI and CATI methodologyThe questionnaire is filled in by graduates at 1,3 and 5 years after graduationThe response rate is 78.2% (1 year – graduates2017), 70.4% (3), 64,5% (5) – at 3 (graduates 2015)and 5 years (graduates 2013) second level graduatesThe member universities provide AlmaLaurea withthe 100 % of graduates’ administrative dataDorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)6
FOREIGN GRADUATES IN ITALIAN .711.610.011.210.613.49.414.313.99.616.412.89.44.8 other European countriesChinaAsia (excluding China) and OceaniaAfricaAmericasSource: AlmaLaurea, Graduates’ Profile Survey Reports, 2009-2019Dorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)1007
ALMALAUREA GRADUATES PROFILE: ALBANIANS AND ITALIANSYEAR 2018 GRADUATES N. of graduates1,2499,890270,340280,230Filled the questionniare1,1948,813250,158258,971Compilation rate (%)95.689.192.592.4Woman (%)70.161.158.658.7Dorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)8
ALMALAUREA GRADUATES PROFILE: ALBANIANS AND ITALIANSTOTALTOTALYEAR 2018 GRADUATES IN ITALY ALBANIANS FOREIGN ITALIANS GRADUATESAt least one parent with HE studies (%)24.439.129.529.9Parents without HE studies (%)73.958.469.168.7Belonging to a high social class* (%)9.0520.2822.4822.4High school diploma abroad (%)32.656.50.32.3*High social class: professionals, directors, entreprenurs with at least 15 employees(A. Cobalti e A. Schizzerotto, The social mobility in Italy, Bologna, il Mulino, 1994)Dorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)9
ALMALAUREA GRADUATES PROFILE: ALBANIANS AND ITALIANSYEAR 2018 GRADUATES Scholarship (%)69.857.822.223.4Study experience abroad(%)11.718.912.813.0Internship during the studies (%)58.056.859.459.3Work experience during thestudies:79.069.765.265.4Full time (more than half of thestudies period) (%)Other work experiences full time (lessthan half of the studies period) (%)8.46.56.16.16.15.43.63.7Part time (%)30.224.418.718.9Occasional, part time, seasonal(%)34.333.536.836.7Dorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)10
2017 Graduates' Employment Status: second-level degreeContentsgraduates interviewedone year after graduationYEAR 2017 SECOND LEVEL GRADUATESIN 2961,2821,3581,0981,219SECTOR OF ACTIVITYPublic (%)Private (%)Non profit (%)AVERAGE MONTHLY NET EARNINGS ( )MenWomenTotal averageDorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)11
2017 Graduates' Employment Status: second-level degreeContentsgraduates interviewedone year after graduationYEAR 2017 SECOND LEVEL GRADUATES IN ITALYALBANIANSITALIANSType of work (%)(%)(%)6.97.4Permanent contract37.526.9Training contract22.017.7Non-standard contract (e.g. non permanent, part time)27.735.2Collaboration/Consultancy1.83.2Other types of self employed (e.g. part time collab.)2.55.1Without contract1.64.115.921.2Self employedPart type incidenceDorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)12
2017 Graduates' Employment Status 1 year after graduation:Contentsemployment rate and netearnings by internship after graduationDO NOT PARTICIPATED AT INTERNSHIPAFTER GRADUATIONPARTICIPATED AT INTERNSHIPAFTER citizenshipItaliansEMPLOYMENT % employee)128413471323SECOND- LEVELDEGREE 2017M W TM W TM W TM W TM W TM W TAlbaniansForeigncitizenshipItaliansAlbaniansNET EARNINGS(average monthly, )Dorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)ForeignItalianscitizenship13
Graduates' Employment Status 1 year after graduation:employment rate and net earnings (survey years 2008 vs 2018)EMPLOYMENT RATENET erage monthly, )1342(% employee)1292SECOND- LEVELDEGREE2007 E 20172008 2018Albanians2008 2018Foreigncitizenship2008 2018SURVEYS YEARItalians2008 2018AlbaniansDorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)2008 2018Foreigncitizenship2008 2018Italians14
CONCLUSIONSsome hints and further research ideas and opportunitiesIn the Italian context is (still?) fruitful:-pursue Higher Education to get a job-following an internshipfor two main reasons:- higher employment rate- better wagesOther research ideas/opportunities:-integration with other European initiatives(e.g. “Graduates Advancement andDevelopment of University Capacity in Albania – GRADUA” www.graduaproject.com, project inimplementation phase, co-funded by European Commission – Erasmus Programme)-expand the analysis considering different aspects of graduates background.-social democratic tradition of the country? Social cohesion? (see Rehbien Boikepublications), etc.-inclusion and equality of opportunity should become principlesDorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea)15
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTIONdorel.manitiu@almalaurea.it
Dorel MANITIU (AlmaLaurea) 6 It is run through a CAWI and CATI methodology The questionnaire is filled in by graduates at 1, 3 and 5 years after graduation The response rate is 78.2% (1 year -graduates 2017), 70.4% (3), 64,5% (5) -at 3 (graduates 2015) and 5 years (graduates 2013) second level graduates
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