Inorganic Fertilizers (Ground And Foliar Application) And Organic .
International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS)Volume 6, Issue 6, 2020, PP 38-55ISSN No. (Online) 2454–6224DOI: cjournals.orgInorganic Fertilizers (Ground and Foliar Application) andOrganic Fertilizer: Their Effects on the Growth and Yield ofPechay (Brassica napus L. subsp. chinensis var. Black Behi)Abdani D. Bandera*Mindanao State University Marawi City, 9700, Philippines*Corresponding Authors: Abdani D. Bandera, Mindanao State University Marawi City, PhilippinesAbstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of Pechay applied withdifferent types and levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers under different methods of application. Inparticular, the study aimed to evaluate the growth parameters, to determine the yield components, and todetermine whether a significant difference between treatments exists on the growth and yield performance ofPechay using different nutrient sources and application methods. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)was used with three replications and the experiment was conducted at Mindanao State University-MainCampus, Marawi City. Results of the study showed that T2 (Recommended Rate (RR) Inorganic Fertilizer)plants are the tallest while T1 (Control) plants are the shortest with a mean height of 14.56 and 8.66 cm,respectively. T2 plants also have the highest mean growth rate of 3.015 mm/day, and T7 (50% RR OrganicFertilizer 50% RR Foliar Fertilizer) as the shortest with a mean growth rate of 1.237 mm/day. Further, T 5(50% RR Inorganic Fertilizer 50% RR Organic Fertilizer) plants show the highest mean number of leaves of10.197, and T1 plants are the least with a mean number of leaves of 6.867. Yield was also highest in T2 andlowest in T1 with a mean weight of 225.863 g and 50.853 g, respectively. Moreover, the results of the study arerecommended to the Philippines’ Department of Agriculture (DA) and Local Government Units (LGUs) toguide the farmers and consider adopting the recommendations of this study. These are also recommended to theDepartment of Trade and Industry (DTI) for the consumers to identify foods free from toxic substances.Keywords: Pechay, Organic Fertilizers, Inorganic Fertilizers, Ground and Foliar Application, UrbanGardening, Randomized Complete Block Design1. INTRODUCTIONTypes and levels of fertilizer applied to crops are very important in crop production and playan important role in cropping systems. Relying on inorganic or chemical fertilizers is a majorconstraint due to its prohibitive cost though identified as an important factor in meeting the foodrequirements of a growing population.In recent years there is a growing trend to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers, especially soil appliednutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and their use had decreased byseven times. Moreover, there is also increasing demand for organically-grown farm products. Thesecreate preconditions to recognize the importance of foliar fertilization and the use of organic fertilizersas an alternative to meet plant nutrient demand during the growing season (Kerin and Berova, 2003).Foliar fertilization is an important tool for the sustainable and productive management of crops. Inrecent years, foliar fertilizers, especially organic ones, have proliferated in the agricultural fertilizermarket (Eroy, 2015). Interest on foliar fertilization has risen because of the many advantages of themethods of application of foliar nutrients, such as rapid and effective response to plant needs,regardless of soil conditions (Kerin & Berova, 2003). However, few studies have been conducted tocompare the effects of both ground and foliar application of fertilizers.According to Tukey and Marczynski (1984), combined soil and foliar applications should berecommended to increase both plant productivity and yield quality. Kuepper (2003) also emphasizedthat foliar application of fertilizers is becoming more prevalent as practice in agricultural cropproduction because it is more directly targeted and potentially more friendly to the environment incontrast to soil fertilization. In fact, Johnson et al. (2001) suggested that supplying N to peach treesInternational Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS)Page 38
Inorganic Fertilizers (Ground and Foliar Application) and Organic Fertilizer: Their Effects on theGrowth and Yield of Pechay (Brassica napus L. subsp. chinensis var. Black Behi)using a combination of soil and foliar N fertilizers leads to optimal plant responses and limitedenvironmental pollution risks.Pechay (Brassica napus L. var. Black Behi) is major vegetable crop rich in vitamin C and containssignificant amounts of nitrogen compounds known as indoles, as well as fiber—both of which appearto lower the risk of various forms of cancer. It has been selectively cultivated to produce a plant thathas an exceptionally short life cycle of 30-45 days (Acero, 2013).So far, crop production fertilizer studies focused both on organic and inorganic types. Limited studieshad been made comparing reactions of plants to solid and liquid fertilizers and to different methods ofapplication. Hence, this study focused on the effects of using different types and levels of organic andinorganic fertilizers under different methods of application to the growth and yield of Pechay and todetermine if significant differences exist between and among treatments.2. LITERATURE REVIEWIn a recent review, Fernández and Brown (2013) stated that foliar fertilization is an agriculturalpractice of increasing importance. In theory, application of nutrient sprays may indeed be anenvironmentally friendly fertilization method since the nutrients are directly delivered to the plant inlimited amounts, thereby helping to reduce the environmental impact associated with soil fertilization.However, response to foliar sprays is often variable and not reproducible due to the existing lack ofknowledge of many factors related to the penetration of the leaf-applied solution.This fact causes farmers to shift to either organic fertilizers or inorganic fertilizers. Buckman andBrady (1974) reported that organic fertilizer increases the cation exchange capacity of the soil. Asidefrom its ability to supply nutrients, organic fertilizers are also capable of improving the physical,chemical, and biological properties of soil which could significantly improve the growth anddevelopment of plants. Pascual et al. (2013) pointed out that organic matter is an excellent source ofplant-available nutrients and their addition to soil could maintain high microbial populations andactivities.2.1. T. harzianum E. fetida Compost ApplicationStudies made by Bercero et al. (2014) found that application of T. harzianum E. fetida compostproduced comparable results as to the number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, fresh weight and dryweight with the positive control (synthetic organic fertilizer (Urea) at 0.65 grams’ plant-1) indicatingthat it is a good alternative to application of inorganic fertilizer to the growth of Pechay. Compostderived from the application of T. harzianum Vermi worms is highly recommended to producePechay.2.2. Vermicompost ApplicationAhirwar and Hussain (2015) studied the effect of vermicompost on growth, yield, and quality ofvegetable crops. Results showed that growth of vegetable transplants was positively affected byaddition of vermicompost, perhaps by altering the nutritional balance of the medium. Transplantquality was improved in peppers and eggplants while tomato transplant quality was slightly reduced.Also, there were no significant differences in field performance. Hence, vermicomposting is asustainable technique for solid waste disposal.Nurhidayati et al. (2016) studied the yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.var. capitata)under organic growing media using vermicompost and earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurusinoculation. Results showed that the application of vermicompost combined with inoculation ofearthworm P. corethrurus significantly increased total biomass, marketable weight, crop diameter,and harvest index compared with the cabbage grown in inorganic media as well as the quality ofcabbage which was determined by sugar and vitamin C content and storage loss. Each vermicompostprovided the highest yield and quality at different earthworm population. Vermicompost made fromthe mixture of cow manure and vegetables residue gave a high yield and quality cabbage withpopulation of P. corethrurus by 0-25 indiv.m-2. Moreover, vermicompost made from the mixture ofcow manure and leaf litter with population of P. corethrurus by 50 indiv.m-2 gave a high yield andquality cabbage. Lastly, vermicompost made from the mixture of cow manureza, vegetable residue,and leaf litter gave a high yield cabbage without inoculation earthworm P. corethrurus and withpopulation of P. corethrurus by 75-100 indiv.m-2 for a high-quality cabbage.Kaur et al. (2015) studied the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash on growth of vegetables andfound that organic waste material processed by the naturally occurring earthworm should be used toInternational Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS)Page 39
Inorganic Fertilizers (Ground and Foliar Application) and Organic Fertilizer: Their Effects on theGrowth and Yield of Pechay (Brassica napus L. subsp. chinensis var. Black Behi)produce vermicompost which will supply nutrients and other soil stimulants for plant growth andimprove soil quality. Vermiculture provides the best answer for ecological agriculture, which issynonymous with “sustainable agriculture”.Arancon and Edwards (2005) studied the effects of vermicompost on plant growth and found thatwhen used at lower substitution rates, vermicompost can increase growth, flowering and yields ofvegetable and ornamental crops. Similarly, vermicompost applied at very low rates e.g. 2.5 t/ha or 5t/ha can significantly increase growth and yields of highly valuable vegetable and fruit crops in thefield. The effects of vermicompost on plants are not solely attributed to the quality of mineralnutrition provided but also to its other growth regulating components such as plant growth hormonesand humic acids. Moreover, the application of vermicompost in the field enhances the quality of soilsby increasing microbial activity and microbial biomass which are key components in nutrient cycling,production of plant growth regulators and protecting plants soil-borne disease and arthropod pestattacks.Vermicompost is worm castings or digested excretions, and is largely used by gardeners andlandscapers as a soil amendment. These castings originate from organic materials, which the wormsfeed on (Tejada et al., 2010). Once ingested the organic material undergoes enzymatic digestion alongwith several other processes to ultimately create a casting. Vermicompost contains many plantavailable nutrients, and research indicates castings improve soil structure by enhancing soil porosity,aeration, and moisture holding capacity resulting in enhanced plant growth (Tejada et al., 2010;Atiyeh et al., 2000; Handreck, 1986; Grapelli et al., 1985). Aging of vermicompost has been studiedfocusing on microbiological or physical/chemical changes for up to 60 days of aging (Aira et al.,2007; Hindell et al., 1997; Parle, 1963).Vermicompost is finely divided peat-like materials with high porosity, aeration, drainage, waterholding capacity (Tejada et al., 2010). Handreck (1986) reported that vermicompost tended to havepH values near neutrality which may be due to the production of carbon dioxide and organic acidsproduced during microbial metabolism. They also reported that their moisture content was reducedprogressively during vermicomposting giving final moisture contents between 45% and 60%, theideal moisture contents for land-applied composts (Tejada et al., 2010).Arancon et al. (2004) studied the agronomic impacts of vermicompost and inorganic (chemical)fertilizers on strawberries when applied separately and in combination. Vermicompost was applied at10 tons/ha while the inorganic fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) at 85 (N)-155 (P)-125 (K)kg/ha. While there was not much difference in the dry shoot weight of strawberries, the yield ofmarketable strawberries and the weight of the largest fruit was greater on plants in plots grown onvermicompost as compared to inorganic fertilizers in 220 days after transplanting. In addition, therewere more runners and flowers on plants grown on vermicompost. Also, farm soils applied withvermicompost had significantly greater microbial biomass than the one applied with inorganicfertilizers.Vermicompost has demonstrated consistently beneficial effects on plant growth independent ofnutrient transformations and availability (Dominguez & Gomez-Brandon, 2012). Theunissen et al.(2010) found that vermicompost contained plants nutrients including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn,Cu and B, the uptake of which had positive effects on plant nutrition, photosynthesis, chlorophyllcontent of the leaves and improves the nutrient content of the different plant components (roots,shoots and the fruits).Webster et al. (2005) studied the agronomic impact of vermicompost on cherries and found that itincreased yield of cherries for three (3) years after single application. Application of vermicompost insoil builds up fertility and restore its vitality for long time and its further use can be reduced to aminimum after some years of application in farms. Buckerfield and Webster (1998) found that wormworked waste (vermicompost) boosted grape yield by two-fold as compared to chemical fertilizers.2.3. Organic Fertilizer ApplicationLim and Vimala (2012) studied the growth and yield responses of four leafy vegetables to organicfertilizer. Results showed that organic fertilizer as the sole source of nutrients can give yields that arehigher or comparable to inorganic fertilizer. Thus, an organic grower need not fear reduced yields, ifInternational Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS)Page 40
Inorganic Fertilizers (Ground and Foliar Application) and Organic Fertilizer: Their Effects on theGrowth and Yield of Pechay (Brassica napus L. subsp. chinensis var. Black Behi)the correct rate of organic fertilizer is applied. The optimum responses of leafy vegetables to organicfertilizer rate was about 30 t/ha of poultry manure for leaf mustard, kangkung and lettuce and 36 t/ hafor chinese spinach.Zainab et al. (2016) studied the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth of NH-Ae47-4 variety of okra. Results obtained from the experiment showed that the effect of the treatmentswere significantly different from the control for all the parameters accessed with urea fertilizer havingleast effect. Plants treated with poultry litters have best performance by recording the highest freshand dry weight (0.39g) at 4 weeks after planting (WAP); highest stem height 29.33cm for all theconcentrations applied.Dalal et al. (2014) studied the growth, yield, and quality of vegetables under chemical and organicfarming. Results showed that in the final measurement, both two vegetables in organic fertilizationtreatments grew better and resulted in a final higher total yield, shoot length and branches than thosein chemical fertilizer treatments, which was attributed to the high nutrient sustainability of organicfertilizer and the improved biological properties of the soil. Macronutrients Nitrogen (N),Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K) and Carbon (C) were increased by the application of organic manure.Total microbial count increases by using the organic fertilizers, shown the indication of healthy soil.Results of this experiment showed that chemical fertilizers were less suitable as compared to organicfertilizers. It is recommended that vegetables can be grown successfully with supplementation oforganic fertilizers.Subler and Edwards (undated) reported that the best plant growth responses are when organicfertilizer and traditional fertilizers are used together. In addition, Prado and Sampaga (2013) studiedthe response of Pechay, (Brassica rapa) to organic fertilizer under DMMMSU-NLUC condition, LaUnion, Philippines. Pechay, when applied with organic inputs for its growth, has comparativeadvantage over that of the farmers’ practice of using urea. Although statistically insignificant in theANOVA test, the differences in values favor the use of organic inputs. Likewise, raw recipes forPechay are more nutritious, hence safer if organically grown due to the absence of chemicals.Moreover, growing organically is helping maintain a clean and safe environment to live in.2.4. Different Levels of Compost FertilizerA study conducted by Gonzales et al. (2015) on the response of Pechay (Brassica napus L.) todifferent levels of compost fertilizer concluded that the application of 75% Pure Garden Soil: 25%Pure Compost provided the best growth and yield performance of Pechay in terms of leaf area andfresh weight. The result of the study showed that application of organic fertilizer greatly enhancedgrowth and yield performance of Pechay. The application of organic fertilizer in Pechay specifically,compost is recommended since it influences its growth and yield, especially on the leaf area and freshweight.Natsheh and Mousa (2014) studied the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers application on soiland cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plant productivity. Results showed that the application of compostimproved the soil characteristics; increased soil productivity and organic matter content. Theexperimental results confirmed that the use of organic fertilizers increased the crop productivity.2.5. Inorganic Fertilizer ApplicationEifediyi and Remison (2010) studied the effects of inorganic fertilizer on the yield of two varieties ofcucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Results revealed significant differences (P 0.05) among the varietiesin terms of vine length, number of branches and leaf area. The growth and yield attributes ofcucumber including the vine length, number of leaves per plant, number of branches, leaf area,number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight per plant, fruit number per plant andtotal yield per hectare increased significantly (P 0.05) with increase in inorganic fertilizerapplication up to the highest level.According to Pascual et al. (2013), to produce high yield, most growers use synthetically-basedproducts, thus, the possibility of pesticides and chemical residue accumulation is very serious thatposes threat to human health.Synthetically-based fertilizers are the most common fertilizers used by the farmers. However, its useincurs a high cost and its supply is sometimes limited that many farmers now are still adapting theidea of using organic fertilizers no matter how long and laborious is the preparation (Gonzales et al.,2015).International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS)Page 41
Inorganic Fertilizers (Ground and Foliar Application) and Organic Fertilizer: Their Effects on theGrowth and Yield of Pechay (Brassica napus L. subsp. chinensis var. Black Behi)Fertilizer application using either inorganic or organic fertilizer sources is one of the most commoncultural management practices in vegetable production. According to Masarirambi et al. (2010),commercial and subsistence farming has been and is still relying on the use of inorganic fertilizers forgrowing crops. This is because they are easy to use, quickly absorbed and utilized by crops. However,these fertilizers are believed to contribute substantially to human, animal, food intoxication andenvironmental instability or degradation (Masarirambi et al., 2010).Omidire et al. (2015) conducted a study entitled “Assessing the Impacts of Inorganic and OrganicFertilizer on Crop Performance Under a Microirrigation-Plastic Mulch Regime”. Results showed thatthe inorganic fertilizer had higher yields (lbs/acre) than organic fertilizer. The addition of microbes tothe inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the numbers of cucumbers and okra per acre. Overall,the “Farmer mix” with or without the addition of microbes significantly increased yields for all cropscompared to the organic-based fertilizer.Lian et al. (2017) studied the effects of different proportions of inorganic fertilizer and organicfertilizer on yield and quality of amaranth. Results showed that inorganic fertilizer is a kind of fast,high nutrient chemicals, but too much inorganic fertilizers will lead to high levels of nitrate invegetables, affecting the quality of vegetables. Organic fertilizers can provide a more comprehensiveand lasting nutrients that needed for crop growth and development, but too much also to cause adecline in quality of vegetable. Many studies have shown that organic and inorganic fertilizer cancomplement each other, which can provide continuous, comprehensive nutrients to the growth ofcrops to increase crop yield and quality.Ogundare et al. (2015) studied the growth and fruit yield of tomato as influenced by combined use oforganic and inorganic fertilizer in Kabba, Nigeria. Result obtained from parameters studied (plantheight, leaf numbers, branch number, stem girth, fruit number per plant and fruits weight) revealedthat tomato performed better (P 0.05) with the application of 125kg/ha NPK 3t/ha poultry manureapplication. The study showed that use of inorganic and organic fertilizer had better effects on growthand yield of tomato. Therefore, for good yield and better productivity of tomato, a combination of125kg/ha NPK fertilizer 3t/ha poultry waste is recommended for tomato production in the studyarea.2.6. Foliar Fertilizer ApplicationZaniewiez-Bajkowska et al. (2010) studied the yield quality of melon (Cucumis melo L.). Resultsshowed that foliar-fertilized plants deliver high yields of good quality at lower rates of mineralfertilization. In horticultural practice foliar fertilization is also recommended as the most effectivemethod of supplying plants with nutrients under deficiency conditions. An application of the foliarfertilizers reduced the total sugar and monosaccharides content in melon fruit. Regardless of the kindof foliar feeding, driest matter in the fruit was produced by ‘Pacstart’, total sugar andmonosaccharides by ‘Yupi’ and ascorbic acid by ‘Legend’.Rahman et al. (2015) studied “Review of Foliar Feeding in Various Vegetables and Cereal CropsBoosting Growth and Yield Attributes”. Results showed that foliar application of macro and micronutrients play an important role in the production of good crop and higher yield.Mandić et al. (2015) studied the effect of foliar fertilization on soybean grain yield. Results showedthat foliar fertilizers significantly increased the values for all quantitative traits. Ferticare I is moreeffective than Wuxal super in soybean because this fertilizer has higher concentration ofmacronutrients. Foliar fertilization of soybean reduced the negative impact of small amounts ofrainfall during the summer months on grain yield.Chaurasia et al. (2005) studied the effect of foliar application of water-soluble fertilizers on growth,yield, and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Results showed that the application of 5foliar sprays of water-soluble fertilizers significantly increased the plant height, number of branches,Number of fruits, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, TSS, yield and the net profit oftomatoes. The maximum plant height, number of branches/plant, fruit length, yield, net profit alongwith maximum C:B ratio were recorded by 5 foliar sprays of water soluble liquid fertilizers 19:09:19followed by NPK 19:19:19. The minimum values in all the parameters were recorded in the controlhaving only recommended dose of fertilizer.Wójcik (2004) studied the uptake of mineral nutrients from foliar fertilization. Results of the studyshowed that foliar fertilization is most effective when soil nutrient availability is low, topsoil dry, andInternational Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS)Page 42
Inorganic Fertilizers (Ground and Foliar Application) and Organic Fertilizer: Their Effects on theGrowth and Yield of Pechay (Brassica napus L. subsp. chinensis var. Black Behi)root activity during the reproductive stage is decreased. Foliar fertilization is also successful inincreasing content of fruit Ca2 and cereal grain protein. It is proposed that this treatment should berecommended in the integrated plant production because it is environment friendly and increasesproductivity and yield quality.3. METHODOLOGY3.1. Research DesignThe experiment was laid out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seventreatments replicated thrice. A total area of 10 m x 12 m (120 m 2) was divided into three blocks eachrepresenting one replication. Distance between blocks is one (1) meter. Shown below are thetreatments and their respective amount and types of fertilizers used.3.2. TreatmentsThere were seven (7) treatment combinations used in the study. Each treatment was replicated three(3) times and consisted of fifteen (15) pots per replicate. The total number of treatment replications,each considered an experimental unit, was twenty-one (21).Randomization was done through drawing of lots. The lay-out shown in Figure 1 below was donefollowing the step–by–step procedure in RCBD experiment since it was conducted in an uncontrolledenvironment. The treatment combinations are the following:T1 ControlT2 Recommended Rate (RR) Inorganic Fertilizer (60-40-60 kg N, P2O5, K2O/ha)T3 RR Organic Fertilizer (30t/ha; 30g/pot)T4 RR Foliar Fertilizer (60ml/ 16 li H2O)T5 50% RR Inorganic Fertilizer (30-20-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O/ha) 50% RR Organic Fertilizer(15t/ha; 15g/pot)T6 50% RR Inorganic Fertilizer (30-20-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O/ha) 50% RR Foliar Fertilizer(30ml/ 16 li H2O)T7 50% RR Organic Fertilizer (15t/ha; 15g/pot) 50% RR Foliar Fertilizer (30ml/ 16 li H 2O)*Treatment (T)Figure1. Field Layout3.3. MaterialsThe following materials were used in this study: plastic pots, fertilizer materials (complete fertilizer,muriate of potash, ammonium sulfate, foliar fertilizer (crop giant) and vermicompost), garden soil,International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS)Page 43
Inorganic Fertilizers (Ground and Foliar Application) and Organic Fertilizer: Their Effects on theGrowth and Yield of Pechay (Brassica napus L. subsp. chinensis var. Black Behi)spade, standard ruler, weighing scale, and Pechay seeds (Brassica napus L. var. Black Behi). BlackBehi is an all-season variety adapted to both lowland and highland. It can be harvested in 25 to 39days after sowing.3.4. Cultural ManagementThe variety used in this study was Black Behi from East-West Company. A total of three-hundredfifteen (315) pots were used corresponding to the number of treatments and the number of replicationsper treatment. Each pot was 8” in diameter and 10” in depth. Soils used in this study were taken fromthe Dairy Farm of the Mindanao State University-Marawi. The soil was homogenized or mixedthoroughly to ensure that each pot for each treatment and replicate was filled with the same soilquality.Three seeds were sown per pot. Thinning was done to keep one plant per pot as the seedlingsdeveloped their first true leaves. Watering was done uniformly and as necessary for all treatmentsthroughout the study period. The amount of water applied per pot was 200ml per watering. Insectpests were controlled by a combination of handpicking and spraying with crushed /pounded chilisolution. The pots were kept weed-free by manual hand pulling where needed and prior to treatmentapplication. Plants were harvested by hand-pulling 45 days after sowing.3.5. Fertilizer Application/Application of TreatmentsTreatment, rate, method, and time of application of fertilizerTreatmentDescriptionT1ControlT2Rec. Rate (RR) InorganicFertilizer (60-40-60 kg N, P2O5,K2O/ha)T3T4T5T6T7RR Organic Fertilizer (30t/ha;30g/pot)RR Foliar Fertilizer (60ml/ 16 liH2O)50% RR Inorganic Fertilizer (3020-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O/ha) 50% RR Organic Fertilizer(15t/ha; 15g/pot)50% RR Inorganic Fertilizer (3020-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O/ha) 50% RR Foliar Fertilizer (30ml/16 li H2O)50% RR Organic Fertilizer(15t/ha; 15g/pot) 50% RRFoliar Fertilizer (30ml/ 16 li H2O)Rate ofApplication perPlant-2.86 g Complete(C)-3.33 g Muriate ofPotash (MOP)- 9.52 gAmmoniumSulfate (AS)-30 g33.33 ml at a rate(3.75 ml per literof water)-1.43 g Complete(C)-1.67 g Muriate ofPotash (MOP)- 4.76 gAmmoniumSulfate (AS)-15g/pot-1.43 g Complete(C)-1.67 g Muriate ofPotash (MOP)- 4.76 gAmmoniumSulfate (AS)-33.33 ml at a rate(1.88 ml per literof water)-15g/pot-33.33 ml at a rate(1.88 ml per literof water)Method ofApplication-Time ofApplication-Side dress-7 days afterplanting (DAP)for C and MOP-14 days DAP forASBasal-Before planting-Foliar spray-Side dress-basalapplication-7 DAP-14 DAP-21 DAP-7 days afterplanting (DAP)for C and MOP-14 days DAP forAS-before planting-Side dress-Foliar spray-7 days afterplanting (DAP)for C and MOP-14 days DAP forAS-7 DAP-14 DAP-21 DAP-basalapplication-foliar spray-before planting7 DAP-14 DAP-21 DAP* The weight of soil per pot is 2kg*The weight of soil in 1 ha is 2,000,000kgInternational Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS)Page 44
Inorganic Fertilizers (Ground and Foliar Application) and Organic Fertilizer: Their Effects on theGrowth and Yield of Pechay (Brassica napus L. subsp. chinensis var. Black Behi)3.6. Data Gathering Procedures1. Growth Parameters1.1. Number of Leaves per plantThis was taken by counting the number of leaves per plant weekly after first treatment application.1.2. Plant HeightThis was taken by measuring from one inch from the base of the plant up to the tip of the highest leaf
Fertilizer 50% RR Foliar Fertilizer) as the shortest with a mean growth rate of 1.237 mm/day. Further, T 5 (50% RR Inorganic Fertilizer 50% RR Organic Fertilizer) plants show the highest mean number of leaves of 10.197, and T 1 plants are the least with a mean number of leaves of 6.867. Yield was also highest in T 2 and lowest in T 1
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