Quantum Information Processing II: Implementations - ETH Z
Quantum Information Processing II: Implementationsspring term (FS) 2018Lectures & Exercises:Andreas Wallraff,Christian Kraglund Andersen, Christopher Eichler, Sebastian Krinner, Anton Potocnikoffices: HPF D 8/9 (AW), D 14 (CKA), D 2 (CE), D 17 (SK), D 5 (AP)ETH Hoenggerbergemail: qipii@phys.ethz.chweb: www.qudev.ethz.chmoodle: https://moodle-app2.let.ethz.ch/course/view.php?id 4279Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 2
What is this lecture about?Introduction to experimental realizations of systems for quantum information processing (QIP)Questions: How can one use quantum physics to process and communicate information more efficiently than usingclassical physics only? QIP I: Concepts How does one design, build and operate physical systems for this purpose? QIP II: ImplementationsAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 4
Is it really interesting?Ricoh Printers: Intelligent ModelThe Blog of Scott AaronsonAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 5
Is it really interesting?Ricoh Printers: Intelligent ModelThe Blog of Scott AaronsonAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 6
Goals of the Lecture generally understand how quantum physics is used for quantum information processing quantum communication quantum simulation quantum sensingknow basic implementations of important quantum algorithms Deutsch-Josza Algorithm searching in a database (Grover algorithm)Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 7
Concept QuestionYou are searching for a specific element in an unsorted database with N entries (e.g. the phone numbers in aregular phone book). How many entries do you have to look at (on average) until you have found the item youare searching for?1.2.3.4.5.6.N 2N Log(N)NN/2Sqrt(N)1Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 8
Goals of the Lecture generally understand how quantum physics is used for quantum information processing quantum communication quantum simulation quantum sensingknow basic implementations of important quantum algorithms Deutsch-Josza Algorithm searching in a database (Grover algorithm) prime number factorization (Shor algorithm) simulating quantum systems (Feynman)to be able to explain basic protocols for quantum communication efficient information transfer (quantum dense coding) transfer of unknown quantum information (teleportation) secure communication (quantum cryptography)Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 9
Goals of the Lecture (continued) convey basic concepts of QIP representation of information in qu(antum)bits manipulation and read-out of information stored in qubits discuss physical systems used for QIP including photons, atoms, spins, solid state quantum systems know characteristic energy scales and operating conditions know criteria to evaluate suitability of physical systems for QIP explore basic experimental techniques to realize and characterize quantum systems realization of quantum devices experimental setups and systems general measurement and characterization techniquesAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 10
Skills and Competencies to be DevelopedYou are able to apply quantum mechanics in different physical contexts relevant for QIP: atomic physics,solid state physics, optical physics, nuclear physics know basic concepts for performing QIP experiments in different physical systems can use your knowledge of QIP concepts to understand research in areas not discussed in the lecture are able to judge the state of the art and relative progress in different technologies for QIP are able to critically evaluate prospects of practical use of quantum physics for information processingand other quantum technologies acquire a basis to decide if you want to work in this field of research come up with your own idea of how to do an interesting QIP projectAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 12
L.J. Lapidus, D. Enzer and G. Gabrielse, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 899 (1999).Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 13
Tell us about yourself! Who are you? Introduce yourself. Which degree program are you in? (EduApp) 1 Physics 2 Micro- and Nanosystems 3 Electrical Engineering & Information Technology 4 Mechanical Engineering 5 PhD 6 Others Where did you complete your Bachelor degree? (EduApp) At ETH Zurich or at another university (which one)?Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 14
Tell us about yourself! Who are you? Do you attend (have you previously attended) classes on Quantum Physics (Exp/Theo) or QuantumInformation (Exp/Theo)? (EduApp) 1 Introduction to Quantum Physics (e.g. @ ETH: Physics III, ) 2 Theoretical Quantum Physics (e.g. @ ETH : QM 1, QM 2, ) 3 Quantum Information Processing (e.g. @ ETH : Renner, Home) 4 Quantum Information Theory (QIT) 5 No prior courses (come and ask for advice) Do you attend (or plan to attend) this terms class (FS 18)Quantum Information Processing I: Concepts by Lidia del Rio? (EduApp) 4 Yes 3 NoAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 15
Basic Structure of QIP II coursePart I: Introduction to Quantum Information Processing (QIP) basic concepts: qubits, gate operations, measurement circuit model of quantum computationPart II: Superconducting Quantum Electronic Circuits for QIP qubit realizations, characterization, coherence physical realization of qubit control, qubit/qubit interactions and read-out interfacing qubits and photons: cavity quantum electrodynamics realizations of algorithms and protocolsPart III: Survey of Physical Implementations for QIP electronic and nuclear spins in NV centers, semiconductor quantum dots, and molecules ions and neutral cold atoms photons in linear opticsAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 16
Student Presentations Topics: experimental implementations of quantum information processing Goal: present key features of implementation and judge its relevance/prospects Material: books, research papers and review articles Preparation: teams of three (maybe two) students, 10 slots for teams available in each exercise class Coaching and support by TAs Duration: presentation discussion (30 15 minutes) Presentation: blackboard, transparencies, PowerPoint Feedback on both content and presentation of your talkAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 18
Exercise Classes part I (exercise 1 - 2) exercise session led by TAs part II (week 3 - 11) student presentations teaching assistants: Dr. Christian Kraglund Andersen (christian.andersen@phys.ethz.ch) Dr. Christopher Eichler (christopher.eichler@phys.ethz.ch) Dr. Sebastian Krinner (sebastian.krinner@phys.ethz.ch) Dr. Anton Potocnik (anton.potocnik@phys.ethz.ch)Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 20
Reading Quantum computation and quantum informationMichael A. Nielsen & Isaac L. Chuang Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2000676 S.ISBN 0-521-63235-8 additional reading material will be provided throughout the lecture and on the web page: www.qudev.ethz.chAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 21
Credit Requirements active contribution to lectures and exercisesprepare and present a high quality talk on one of the physical implementations of quantum informationprocessingAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 22
Exam & Credits aural exam (20 minutes) during summer or winter exam session exam dates as required by your program of study 5 credit points (KP) can be earned by successfully completing this QIP II class (individuallycounting as an elective course) 10 credit points (KP) can be earned by successfully completing both QIP I and QIP II (togethercounting as a core course for the MSc in Physics) content of exam: see goals of lecture good presentation and active contribution to lecture will be a bonusAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 23
Time and Place Lecture:Thursday (11-13), 10:45 – 12:30,HCI G 3 Exercises:Monday (17-18), 16:45 – 17:30,HCI H 2.1 (51)HCI H 8.1 (51)HIL E 10.1 (40)HPV G 5 (176) Registration for exercise class (TA and room) through Moodle platform (at the end of ew.php?id 4279Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 24
Registration & Contact InformationYour registration and contact information please register online for the class in this way we are able contact you you will get automatic access to the material on the moodle platformOur contact information qipii@phys.etzh.ch www.qudev.ethz.ch (will be updated constantly) .php?id 4279Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 25
Let’s get started!Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 26
1 cmThe first transistordeveloped at Bell Labs 1947 by John Bardeen,Walter Brattain and William Shockley.Nobel prize in physics, 1956material: semiconductorclock rate: 1 Hzdimensions: 1 cmAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 27
First Intel ProcessorIntel 4004, 1971 2000 transistors 60 kHz 10.000 nm 0,001 cm1 cmAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 28
1 cmA few years agoIntel Xeon, 2011 3 Billion Transistors 3 GHz 32 nm 0.0000032 cmAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 29
Recent ProcessorsIntel Skylake, 20156th Gen Intel Core (80662) 6 Billion Transistors 4 GHz 14 nm 0.0000014 cm1 cmAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 30
What the Physicists are Saying“Quantuminformation is aradical departure ininformationtechnology, morefundamentallydifferent from currenttechnology than thedigital computer isfrom the abacus.”The Development“The number of transistors on a piece ofsilicon will double every couple of years.”Gordon E. Moore, 1965Co-founder of IntelIs valid since more than 40 years!William D. Phillips, 1997Nobel Prize Winner in PhysicsAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 31
Moore’sLawAndreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 32
Will information technology develop in the same way in the next 40years? Are there limits to the current technology? Can we overcome these limitations? What will future computing technology look like?Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 34
How small can electronics be?1 nmElectronic circuits my reach the size of atoms!Will conventional transistors still work?Is quantum physics a nuisance or can it be used?Andreas Wallraff, Quantum Device Lab 22-Feb-18 35
aural exam (20 minutes) during summer or winter exam session exam dates as required by your program of study 5 credit points (KP) can be earned by successfully completing this QIP II class (individually counting as an elective course) 10 credit points (KP) can be earned by successfully completing both QIP I and QIP II (together
Quantum metrology in the context of quantum information: quantum Fisher Information and estimation strategies Mitul Dey Chowdhury1 1James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona (Dated: December 9, 2020) A central concern of quantum information processing - the use of quantum mechanical systems to encode,
1. Quantum bits In quantum computing, a qubit or quantum bit is the basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classical binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.
1.3.7 Example: quantum teleportation 26 1.4 Quantum algorithms 28 1.4.1 Classical computations on a quantum computer 29 1.4.2 Quantum parallelism 30 1.4.3 Deutsch's algorithm 32 1.4.4 The Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm 34 1.4.5 Quantum algorithms summarized 36 1.5 Experimental quantum information processing 42 1.5.1 The Stern-Gerlach experiment 43
According to the quantum model, an electron can be given a name with the use of quantum numbers. Four types of quantum numbers are used in this; Principle quantum number, n Angular momentum quantum number, I Magnetic quantum number, m l Spin quantum number, m s The principle quantum
Quantum computing is a subfield of quantum information science— including quantum networking, quantum sensing, and quantum simulation—which harnesses the ability to generate and use quantum bits, or qubits. Quantum computers have the potential to solve certain problems much more quickly t
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, 2000. 2. A. Kitaev, A. Shen, and M. Vyalyi. Classical and Quantum Computation, volume 47 of Graduate Studies in Mathematics. American Mathematical Society, 2002. Quantum Information For the remainder of this lecture we will take a rst look at quantum information, a concept .
The Quantum Nanoscience Laboratory (QNL) bridges the gap between fundamental quantum physics and the engineering approaches needed to scale quantum devices into quantum machines. The team focuses on the quantum-classical interface and the scale-up of quantum technology. The QNL also applies quantum technology in biomedicine by pioneering new
For example, quantum cryptography is a direct application of quantum uncertainty and both quantum teleportation and quantum computation are direct applications of quantum entanglement, the con-cept underlying quantum nonlocality (Schro dinger, 1935). I will discuss a number of fundamental concepts in quantum physics with direct reference to .
