UV-C LEDS At The Time Of COVID-19 - Piseo
UV-C LEDSat the time of COVID-192020 Application and Technical Report PISEO 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C1
ContentsoGeneral introductionSelect the chapter to access itP7 Application of spectrofluorimetry: analysis of proteins Application of spectrofluorimetry: analysis of DNA. UV-visible spectroscopy: principleoAims of the reportP8oAbout PiséoP9 UV-visible spectroscopy: analysis of water purityoAuthors of the reportP 10 Chromatography: principleoGlossaryP 11 Chromatography: liquid chromatographyoLimitationsP 13 Chromatography: gas chromatographyoCompanies quoted in this reportP 14oSummaryP 17oUV radiationP 50o UV spectrum Propagation and biological effects of UV radiation Main applications and niche marketsMain applications of UVC radiation Disinfection/purification of water Segmentation of applications Examples of new applications and potential applicationsDisinfection/purification of air Segmentation of applications Examples of new application and potential applicationsDisinfection of surfaces and objects oDisinfection by UVC radiation P 54Other applications of UVC radiationMechanism for disinfection by UVC radiation Deterioration of DNA and RNA Nucleotides: the basic unit of DNA and RNA.Fundamental values Base pair Irradiance Dose Inactivation constant Logarithmic reduction S.A.L. (Sterility Assurance Level) Calculation of dose Dose: influence of the type of micro-organism Dose: influence of contamination level Dose: influence of wavelength Segmentation of applications Dose: influence of the environment Examples of new applications and potential applications Dose: which standards? Applications requiring greater precautions Dose: UV transmission factor of waterAnalytical toolsP 74 Dose: SARS-CoV-2 Applications Wavelengths vs germicidal effect Spectrofluorimetry: principle Wavelengths vs germicidal effect: SARS-CoV-2 PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED2
Contents oo Wavelengths vs germicidal effect: 222 nm Wavelengths vs germicidal effect: 405 nm (visible)Select the chapter to access itoUVC LED vs mercury vapour lamp Advantages of disinfection by UVC radiationAdvantages of the UVC LED vs the mercury vapour lamp Impact on the environment Impact on the environment and toxicity Activation time Durability in relation to the development of micro-organisms On/off cycles Comprehensiveness and odour Service life Thermal behaviourRisks of disinfection by UVC radiation Precautions to take for people and materials Flexibility of installation Exposure of target and shadow effects Other advantages Impact of durability of UVC sourcesWavelength 222 nm P 107Weakness of the UVC LED vs the mercury vapour lamp Fairly low UVC radiation intensity High price, low efficacy and high energy to dissipate The wavelength would present no risk to human beings Germicidal efficacy of wavelength 222 nm Is wavelength 222nm risk-free ? The excimer lamp and wavelength 222 nm Construction Systems based on excimer lamps Emission of photons Limitations and precautions Semi-conductor Systems based on excimer lamps Substrate New prospects for application Light extraction Manufacturing processUVC light sources oP 118UVC LED: prospectsTechnology of the UVC LED Different UVC source technologies Service life: loss of power threshold The 3 main types of UVC lamps Service life: junction temperature and control current Low-pressure mercury vapour lamps Service life: impact of package and the environment Principle of low-pressure mercury vapour lamp Systems based on low-pressure mercury vapour lamp Trend “Cold cathode” low-pressure mercury vapour lamp Bolb Inc patent The excimer lamp and 222 nm wavelength Stanley Electric patent Ozone and the 185 nm wavelength Ushio patent Violumas patentoP 130Intellectual property: key factsP 143P 153 PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED3
ContentsoAnalysis of portfolio of manufacturers of UVC LEDs Select the chapter to access itP 159Manufacturers of UVC LEDs The wavelength, different strategies Minimum productsCurrent outputs American Opto Plus: portfolio of UVC LEDs Bioraytron: portfolio of UVC LEDs Outputs by wavelength Bolb: portfolio of UVC LEDs Focus on wavelength 265 nm Crystal IS: portfolio of UVC LEDs DUVTek: portfolio of UVC LEDs Edison Opto: portfolio of UVC LEDs Everlight: portfolio of UVC LEDs Lattice Power: portfolio of UVC LEDs Light Avenue: portfolio of UVC LEDs Lite-On: portfolio of UVC LEDs Lumex: portfolio of UVC LEDs Luminus: portfolio of UVC LEDs NationStar: portfolio of UVC LEDs Nichia: portfolio of UVC LEDs Nitride Semiconductors: portfolio of UVC LEDs Osram OS: portfolio of UVC LEDs Photon Wave: portfolio of UVC LEDs Current optical power Output prospects UVC LEDs increasingly effective A significant increase in output which is ongoingPrice prospects oOptical power values by type of packageA downward momentum which seems to be acceleratingService life of UVC LEDs A great disparity Test conditions to be taken into accountDimensioning of UVC LED disinfection systems P 198Dimensioning of UVC LED systems Usage and requirements: necessary doseQD Jason: portfolio of UVC LEDs Usage and requirements: exposure time QTB: portfolio of UVC LEDs Wavelength San’an Optoelectronics: portfolio of UVC LEDs Calculation of minimum optical emission power Seoulviosys: portfolio of UVC LEDs Choice of LED Stanley Electric: portfolio of UVC LEDs Setting density parameters for LEDs and power per LED Sunpu Opto: portfolio of UVC LEDs Optical system UVON: portfolio of UVC LEDs Electronics Violumas: portfolio of UVC LEDs Example of dimensioning Violumas: thermal management Würth Elektronik: portfolio of UVC LEDs Optical integration of the UVC LED: sensitivity of materials Behaviour of materials exposed to UVC radiation PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED4
Contents oSelect the chapter to access itdisinfection /purification of air by a UVC LED system Degradation of plastics Blockage of UVC radiation System: the reactor Reflectivity to UVC radiation Combination UVC and filter Materials for optical systems Example of material for lenses and collimators: quartz glass o Thermal integration of UVC LEDs The system’s performance figures are impacted by current low efficacy Cooling systems Simulation and measurements Mechanical integration of UVC LEDs Welding a UVC LED Risk of welded joint breakageLandscape of products on the marketoElectrical/electronic integration of UVC LEDsSurface disinfection Stethoscope disinfector (Stet Clean) Portable lamp (Surenhap) Apparatus for disinfecting objects (“Violeds”, SeoulViosys)Spatial disinfection Apparatus for disinfecting interiors, brand Philips Luminaire for lighting and disinfection (“Optimo UVC Lediz, Dietal)Market for UVC LEDs and UVC LED systemsP 259 Operation under load vs operation when live Examples of products based on UVC LEDs Operation in DC or in pulse-width modulation (PWM) History Series-parallel assembly Market trends and main applications E.S.D. (Electrostatic Discharge) Market for UVC LEDs in the area of disinfection /purification Photobiological hazard Current price of UVC LEDs and trends Characterisation of the spectrum and efficacy of the system Market players Calculation of the germicidal efficacy of the system Acquisition strategies of market players OSRAM: new player in the UVC LED market Players withdraw or do not enter the UVC LED marketImplementation of systems based on UVC LEDs P 248Disinfection /purification of water by a UVC LED systemP 238 The reactor General trends UVC LED brings flexibility to the design of the reactor Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic Reactor: thermal behaviour of UVC LED Applications for disinfection /purification of water Reactor: emission profile and power of UVC LED Applications for disinfection of air and surfaces Reactor: parameters influencing the necessary optical power Reactor: homogenisation of exposure to UVC radiation PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED5
ContentsoRegulations and standardisationSelect the chapter to access itP 275 General view: directives, standards, scientific publications European Standards Directives Standards Maximum permitted exposure to UVC radiation at 254 nm Scientific publications Dosage Risk analysis: disinfection efficacy Risk analysis: photobiological hazard Position adopted by organisations relative to UVC radiation Position adopted by the CIE relative to UVC radiation Development of restrictions on the use of UVC lamps in Belgium Work in progress at the IEC North America: 3 reference bodies for disinfection North America: joint initiative of IES and IUVAoConclusionP 293oReferencesP 295oPiséoP 299 About Piséo Our markets Our services Our technical resources What we are known for Contact PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED6
General Introduction Photonic components are developing at a rapid rate, thus enabling innovations to be introduced at systemlevel. The areas of application are immense, and photonics today is used in all business sectors: generallighting, lighting for cars and transport, manufacturing and process control, space, defence and security,health and well-being, electronics for the general public and professional use, communicationsinfrastructures, watchmaking and many others. However, to benefit from the possibilities offered by new components and keep up with improvements inperformance requires an in-depth understanding of the requirements of the applications and technologicalcharacteristics, as well as very good system design capabilities. Piséo ‘s application and technical reports aim to provide readers with unique information from thestandpoint of the system integrator and designer. Thanks to their comprehensive content, these reportsprovide food for thought before the appropriate technical and strategic decisions are taken. In this difficult period of Covid-19, we believe it is urgently necessary to provide in-depth information onthe way in which UVC LEDs could contribute to slowing down the spread of the epidemic. This report is an update on the first version published in 2020, and is enriched with recent data in thedynamic field of UVC LEDs. PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED7
Objectives of the reportIn the current context of health crisis due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the need to prevent contagion throughdisinfection has become a major issue. Like other coronaviruses, this new virus can be destroyed by UV-Cradiation. Also, with the emergence of UV-C LEDs, the question of the relevance of using this technology tostop the current epidemic arises. This report provides answers to this question by comprehensivelyaddressing the following points. Applications of artificial UV-C radiation. Principles of disinfection by UV-C radiation. State of the art of UV-C LED technology and the outlook for performance changes, compared totraditional UV-C sources. Identification and analysis of the offer of UV-C LED manufacturers. Principles for integrating UV-C LEDs and designing systems for disinfection, in relation to the requireddoses. Doses achievable today and tomorrow by disinfection systems using UV-C LEDs, in conjunction withSARS-CoV-2. Presentation of devices currently marketed for different applications. UV-C LEDs market and their trends. Regulation and standardization in Europe. PISEO 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C8
Authors of the reportMatthieu VERSTRAETE – Innovation Leader and Electronics & Software Architect - Piséo Matthieu Verstraete has more than 20 years of experience acquired mainly within the Philips group. In the earlyyears, this experience led him to participate in the Netherlands in the development of set-top boxes for digitaltelevision and optical DVD playback and burning systems. He was also responsible for the technical specification ofthe Philips group's portfolio of drivers for LED lighting devices worldwide. Prior to joining Piséo, he was Global SystemArchitect for LED outdoor lighting solutions from Signify (ex Philips Lighting). Within Piséo, he directs andparticipates in studies of innovative photonic systems for all fields of application. His role as a system architect leadshim to analyze applications and propose technical solutions that integrate the most recent photonic and electroniccomponents and software bricks.Joel THOME- General Manager - Piséo Joël Thomé has more than 25 years of industrial experience in the field of innovation. For many years, he heldinternational positions in R&D and business line management within the lighting division of the Philips group. Henotably participated in the transformation of the company’s product portfolio through the integration of LEDtechnology and lighting control functions. Joël Thomé has been managing and developing Piséo since 2013 andregularly conducts market and state-of-the-art technological studies in collaboration with the company YoleDéveloppement. PISEO 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C9
IntroductionLa LED UV-C estun acteur récentdans le domainede la désinfectionpar UV Depuis plus de 40 ans la lumière UV-C est utilisée pour la désinfectionde l’eau, de l’air et de surface contre des pathologies dangereuses ampignons,protozoaires ). Jusqu’à présentce sont essentiellement les lampes à vapeur demercure basse pression qui ont été utilisées dans les systèmes dedésinfection à base d’UV. Avec les avancées technologiques des LEDs ces dernières années et lesperspectives, ainsi que les règlementations limitant l’utilisation dumercure dans les lampes (convention Minamata), les LEDs UV-Cdeviennent une source potentiellement intéressante pour les systèmesde désinfection à base d’UV. PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C10
Different UV radiationsMain applications and niche marketsEach type of UV radiation has found its place in many applications (medical,industrial, etc.), sometimes very specific.Type ofUV2 mainapplications ofUV-C: disinfection, analyticalinstruments.UV-AUV-BUV-CMain application Polymerization (resin, glue, plastic materials) Sun tanning Medical phototherapy Photocatalysis (air purification) Niche markets Leak search (use of a phosphorescent UV-A dye anda UV-A source) Criminal investigation (phosphorescent reaction ofhair to UV-A)Counterfeit detection Photolithography (wafer factory .) Printing (drying of the ink polymers .) Analytical instruments Horticulture Polymerization (resin, glue, plastic materials) Medical phototherapy (psoriasis, eczema) Vitamin D synthesis Analytical instruments Horticulture Analysis of minerals and precious stones Disinfection / Purification (water, air, surface) Polymerization (combined with UV-A) Analytical instruments Photolithography (wafer factory) Electronics: EPROM erasure PISEO 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C 11
Disinfection / sterilization of surfaces and objectsApplication segmentationIn the disinfection / purification of surfaces and objects market there is acertain diversity of applications that can be segmented according to theirpower.Involved powerssegment thesurface and objectdisinfectionmarket.Low power disinfection systemsMedium powerdisinfection systemHigh power disinfectionsystemMedical, publicplacesPortableFood, medicalOutput power (Wopt)0-33 - a few dozen10 – a few hundredsSystem price ( )20 - 50050 - 15001000 - 10000UV-C LED Market OutlookShort termShort/Middle termMiddle term PISEO 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C 12
Mécanisme de désinfection par rayonnement UV-CDétérioration de l’A.D.N. et de l’A.R.N.L’énergie UV-C (photons) détériore l’A.D.N. et l’A.R.N. des micro-organismes(virus, bactéries, champignons ), les rendant ainsi instantanément incapablesde se reproduire, et donc inoffensifs.Le rayonnementUV-C, véritabletueur de microorganismeL’A.D.N. et l’A.R.N. contiennent les informationsgénétiques propres à l’espèce, informations qui sonttransmises lors de la reproduction de ces cellules.Les réactions photochimiques créées par l’absorption del’énergie UV-C, entrainent la création de distorsions auniveau de l’A.D.N. ou de l’A.R.N., rendant inefficacevoire impossible la réplication du micro-organisme.Il en résulte la mort cellulaire ou l’apparition d’unegénération de mutants non viables ou incapables de sereproduire.source: LightSources PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C13
Air disinfection / purificationApplication segmentationIn the air disinfection / purification market there is a certain diversity ofapplications, which can be segmented according to whether they are domestic /residential or professional applications.Professional (industry, offices,hospitals)Domestic / residentialThe disinfectionand air purificationmarket becomesaccessible to UV-CLEDs.Mobile unitsOutput power (Wopt)Heating, ventilationand air conditioning(in ducts)5 – 10UV-C LED Market OutlookWall/ceiling10 - 60Flow (liters / minute)System price ( )Heating, Ventilatingand Air Conditioning(in the ducts)500 – 10 000800200500 – 10 000short – middle termSource: Yole Développement [Yole UV LED 2018 Technology Manufacturing and Application Trends Report] 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C14
Fundamental quantitiesDose calculationIn order to determine the dose necessary to render a microorganisminactive, several parameters must be taken into account : The nature of the microorganism to be treated.Several keyparameters. The rate of contamination of the medium to be treated. The level of disinfection required. The wavelength of the source. The environment. PISEO 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C 15
Grandeurs fondamentalesDose : influence de la nature du micro-organismeDans les mêmes conditions d’exposition aux UV-C,et pour atteindre un niveau de désinfectionidentique, chaque micro-organisme nécessite unedose différente.Chaque microorganismenécessite unedose différente.Ainsi, il n’y a pas une valeur unique de dose, lesindications de doses sont fournies sous forme detableaux couvrant différents micro-organismes.Pour interpréter ces tableaux il est indispensable deconnaître les conditions d’exposition qui ont permisd’aboutir à ces valeurs.Remarque : les valeurs données dans les tableauxsont le résultat d’expérimentations en laboratoire,pour un même micro-organisme on peut donc avoirdes valeurs différentes suivant le protocole et lesconditions utilisés par le laboratoire qui a réalisél’expérimentation.source: extrait de CIE 155:2003 PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C16
Fundamental quantitiesDose: influence of the nature of the micro-organismUnder the same UV-C exposure conditions, and toachieve an identical level of disinfection, eachmicroorganism requires a different dose.Each microorganismrequires adifferent dose.Thus, there is no single dose value, dose indicationsare provided in the form of tables covering differentmicro-organisms.To interpret these tables, it is essential to know theexposure conditions which made it possible toobtain these values.Note: the values given in the tables are the result oflaboratory experiments, for the same microorganism there can therefore be different valuesdepending on the protocol and the conditions usedby the laboratory which carried out the experiment.source: extract of ILC 155:2003 PISEO 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C 17
Fundamental quantitiesDose: SARS-CoV-2 (1/3)Until now the doses needed to inactive SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using thesimilarity of SARS-CoV-2 with other Coronaviruses known for several years,and for which the doses had been determined by microbiological laboratories.2 recent studies carried out by laboratories now allow to rely on the results ofexperiments on SARS-CoV-2.Dose values arestarting to beavailable for SARSCoV-2. PISEO 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C 18
Wavelength 222 nmAbsence of harmful effects observed on peopleThe wavelength 222 nm is increasingly attracting interest as a germicidalwavelength, as according to several studies it would not be dangerous to humanbeings.The wavelength222 nm wouldnot penetratehuman tissue.In comparison with wavelength 254 nm, wavelength 222 nm is stopped by theskin’s outermost layer and cannot reach the basal layer of the epidermis.As far as the eye is concerned, this wavelength is absorbed by the externalaqueous layer, thus preventing the radiation from penetrating inside the eye.Comparison 254 nm vs 222 nmSource: Ushio Inc. PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED19
Intellectual property: key factsTrendsNumerous patents have been registered on LEDs; however, the technology ofUVC LEDs is different from LEDs with visible rays, and even LEDs in the UVAand UVB wavelengths, giving rise to specific patents.An explosion inthe number ofpatents publishedon UVC LEDssince the start ofthe Covid-19pandemic.The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated the number of patents publishedannually on UVC LEDs.Source Piséo.Research carried out using the PatentPulse tool withkeys ["LED" AND ("UVC" OR "UVC")]. PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED20
Performance prospectsIncreasing efficacy of UVC LEDsThe poor current performance of UVC LEDs is adisincentive to adoption of the technology by themarket.Remove thehurdles toadoption of thetechnology by themarket byincreasing output.However, this technology has not yet fully matured,and manufacturers continue to improve theperformance of their UVC LEDs regularly.An improvement in performance enables the poweremitted to be increased, which is another hurdle toovercome in developing the market for UVC LEDs.According to the study “The 2020 UV emitterroadmap”(September 2020), UVC LEDs with efficacygreater than 10% ought to be available commerciallyby 2022. This is in line with the Bolb forecasts fortheir portfolio of UVC LEDs.Feuilles de route des fabricants de LEDs UVC Bolb et Stanley en matière de rendement.Source: données fournies par des fabricantsde LED UV-C. PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED21
UV-C LED technologyManufacturing processMaking thewafer(substrate)Mixing of materials toform the substrate andbar molding Cutting the bar intoslices (wafer) Polishing / modeling ofthe wafer Cleaning the wafer Source: NikkeiManufacturingof the chipEpitaxy Growth of the differentlayers:Nucleation layerN-type layerActive layerP-type layerSource: ResearchGate InspectionLithographyEngravingMetallization / contacts/ mirrorsLithographieSource: SachemEncapsulationSubstrate removalCutoutTestsMounting the chip inthe package Electrical connections(wire-bond) Finalization of thepackage (ex: resin,optical lens) Quality control Classification by bin(power, color, Vf)Thermal, electrical,mechanical stress test(on samples taken)Source: Luminus (XBT-3535) PISEO 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C22
UVC LED manufacturersAmerican Opto Plus: portfolio of UVC LEDsAmerican Opto Plus is an American manufacturer whose portfolio of High PowerUVC LEDs is available in 3 footprint versions, with emission angles ranging from30 to 120 , amounting to a total of 27 UVC LED products.A wide variety ofemission angles andpowers.Package:3535353535354545Emission angle:45 et 120 120 30 , 80 , 100 , 120 30 , 60 , 120 Wavelength:275255275275Optical power:4.4 – 21.8 mW8 mW3.6 – 10.4 mW1.6 – 5.6 mWElectrical power:0.3 – 1.5 W0.5 W0.15 – 0.86 W0.15 – 0.55Efficiency:1.2 – 1.5 %1.7 %1.2 – 2.5 %0.9 – 1.2%L933 3.5 x 3.5mm seriesL933 3.45 x 3.45mm seriesL944 4.4 x 4.4mm seriesNote: In order to make the most accurate possible comparisons of performance figures, for each LED the current is fixed at 80 %of its maximum current. PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED23
Designing UV-C LED systemsDesign exampleDisinfection cabinet for medical equipmentOptical design:Dose:46 *mJ/cm²Wavelength:265nmMinimum irradiance on the target:0.383Uniformity parameter (min / medium):75%Average irradiance on the target:0.51mW/cm²Optical power on the target:306mWOptical efficiency (target / source):42%Total optical power emitted by the sources:729mW/cm²mW* This value is based on the results of the study by Inagaki (Japan) published in July 2020:[Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with Deep-UV LED irradiation]). From these results,Piséo estimated the dose by taking into account the environment to be treated (surface)and the level of disinfection to be achieved.The dose used here is only an example. It does not engage the responsibility of Piséo.Simulation carried out byPiséo with LightTools 9.0software PISEO 2020 www.piseo.fr Rapport LED UV-C24
Market for UVC LEDsCurrent price of UVC LEDs and trendsAs UVC LED technology is relativelyrecent, the price of componentsremains high (cost of materials,development costs, low volumes etc.)A high price andsustainedmomentum in pricereductions which hasaccelerated with theCOVID-19pandemic.However, for several years the price ofUVC LEDs has seen a significant annualdownwardmomentumwhichiscontinuing.In 2021, manufacturers of LEDsreached the threshold of 0.08/mW forsignificant volumes (several hundredthousand items).The current COVID-19 pandemic hascreated considerable demand and UVCLED manufacturers, facing a shortfall,are adapting their production methodsin order to increase their capacity, afactor which was not predicted untilrecently. This increase in volume oughtto support the trend for pricereductions in UVC LEDs.Source: Yole Développement [UV LEDs – Market and TechnologyTrends 2021] PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED25
Regulations and standardisationGeneral view: directives, standards, scientific publicationsWith the aim of protecting individuals, the Council and Parliament of the European Union haveadopted directives which UVC products and their usage must meet. These directives refer tostandards, enabling companies to comply with the regulations. Finally, the scientific community haspublished papers enabling UVC systems to be specified that are suitable for their application.Directives(of the European Parliament andCouncil)Directive 2014/35/CE (DBT)Scientific PublicationsStandardsIEC/EN 62471CIE 155-2003IEC/EN 60335-1IEC/EN 60335-2-23IEC/EN 60335-2-27IEC/EN 60335-2-65IEC/EN 60335-2-109CIE 187-2010IES-CR-2-20-V1aDirective 2001/95/CENF/EN 14255-1NF/EN 14255-2NF/EN 14255-4NS 347Directive 2006/25/CEISO 15858-07-2016: standard notified explicitly in the directive: standard not notified in the directive but used by laboratories to check compliance PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr Report UVC LED26
Contact› Joël Thomé, CEOthome.joel@piseo.fr - 33 (0) 6 68 62 49 06› Marie-Eve Fraisse, Salescommercial@piseo.fr - 33 (0) 4 26 83 02 25 PISEO 2021 www.piseo.fr 27
Segmentationof applications Examples of new applications and potential applications Applications requiringgreater precautions Analytical tools Applications . Example of material for lenses and collimators: quartz glass Thermal integration of UVC LEDs The system'sperformance figures are impacted by current low .
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System Status LEDs Port Descriptions System Status LEDs The system status LEDs display informatio n about critical device functions. Figure 3 illustrates the position of each status LED on the front of the SSG 5 V.92-WLAN device. The system LEDs differ depending on the version of the SSG 5 device. Figure 3: Status LEDs
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