SCIENCE EXPLORER Grade 6 - Pearson Education
P R E N T I C EH A L LP R E N T I C ESCIENCESCIENCEEXPLORER Provides a wide range of question formats—for every section of the text—to reach a widevariety of learners Gives parents a handy resource to help studentsstudy and learnSTUDY WORKBOOK Builds a record of students’ work to use as a studyaid for quizzes and testsGrade 6ISBN 0-13-058706-0000019 780130 587060Prentice HallSee us on the Internet www.phschool.comEXPLORERGrade 6Guided Readingand Study WorkbookAND Promotes active reading and enhances students’study skills using innovative questioningstrategies and exercises linked to the student textGUIDED READINGGuided Readingand Study WorkbookSCIENCE EXPLORERGrade 6H A L L Promotes active reading and enhances students’study skills using innovative questioningstrategies and exercises linked to the student text Builds a record of students’ work to use as a studyaid for quizzes and tests Provides a wide range of question formats—for every section of the text—to reach a widevariety of learners Gives parents a handy resource to help studentsstudy and learn
GSW-6 FM-TE/FNL5/2/0112:42 PMPage iP R E N T I C EH A L LGrade 6Guided ReadingandStudy WorkbookTeacher’s EditionNeedham, MassachusettsUpper Saddle River, New JerseyGlenview, Illinois
GSW-6 FM-TE/FNL5/23/023:17 PMPage iiCopyright 2002 by Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permissionshould be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalsystem, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,or likewise. For information regarding permissions(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department.ISBN 0-13-058709-52 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 05 04 03 02
GSW-6 FM-TE/FNL5/2/0112:42 PMPage iiiTable of ContentsWhat Is Science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Chapter 1 Matter and Energy . . . . . . . . .51-1 Describing Matter and Energy . . . . . . . .51-2 Measuring Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91-3 Particles of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111-4 Elements From Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Chapter 2 Solids, Liquids,and Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172-1 States of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172-2 Gas Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192-3 Graphing Gas Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . .212-4 Changes in State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Chapter 3 Relating Forceand Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293-1 Describing, Measuring, andGraphing Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293-2 Force and Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . .313-3 Water in Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Chapter 4 Cells: The BuildingBlocks of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414-1 What is Life? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414-2 Discovering Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444-3 Looking Inside Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464-4 Introduction to Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . .49Chapter 5 Cell Processesand Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535-1 The Cell in Its Environment . . . . . . . . .535-2 The Cell and Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555-3 Cell Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Chapter 6 From Bacteria to Plants . . .636-1 Classifying Living Things . . . . . . . . . . .636-2 Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .656-3 Protists and Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706-4 The Plant Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Science Explorer Grade 6Chapter 7 Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .777-1 What Is an Animal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .777-2 Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .797-3 Sponges, Cnidarians, Worms,and Mollusks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .807-4 Arthropods and Echinoderms . . . . . . . .837-5 Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles . . . . .857-6 Birds and Mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Chapter 8 Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .938-1 Components of an Ecosystem . . . . . . . .938-2 Studying Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .968-3 Energy in an Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Chapter 9 Energy Resources . . . . . . . .1019-1 Energy and Fossil Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . .1019-2 Renewable Sources of Energy . . . . . . .1049-3 Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1089-4 Energy Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110Chapter 10 Solid Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . .11310-1 Inside Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11310-2 Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11410-3 Rocks and the Rock Cycle . . . . . . . . . .117Chapter 11 Earthquakes andVolcanoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12111-1 Plate Tectonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12111-2 Earth’s Crust in Motion . . . . . . . . . . . .12311-3 Measuring Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . .12611-4 Volcanic Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12811-5 Volcanic Landforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132Chapter 12 Fresh Water . . . . . . . . . . . .13512-1 The Water Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13512-2 Surface Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14012-3 Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14312-4 Wetland Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14512-5 Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148Guided Reading and Study Workbookiii
GSW-6 FM-TE/FNL5/2/0112:42 PMPage ivTABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)Chapter 13 Earth’s Atmosphere . . . . .15113-1 The Air Around You . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15113-2 Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15313-3 Air Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15613-4 Layers of the Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . .159Chapter 14 Weather Factors . . . . . . . .16314-1 Energy in the Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . .16314-2 Integrating Physics: Heat Transfer . . .16514-3 Winds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16814-4 Water in the Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . .17114-5 Precipitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174Chapter 16 Components of theSolar System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18716-1 Describing the Solar System . . . . . . . .18716-2 Characteristics of the Sun . . . . . . . . . .19016-3 Characteristics of the Inner Planets . .19116-4 Characteristics of the Outer Planets . .19516-5 Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors . . . . .19816-6 Traveling in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200Chapter 15 Weather Patterns . . . . . . .17715-1 Air Masses and Fronts . . . . . . . . . . . . .17715-2 Storms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17915-3 Floods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18215-4 Predicting Weather Change . . . . . . . . .183 Prentice-Hall, Inc.ivGuided Reading and Study WorkbookScience Explorer Grade 6
GSW-6 00/FNL5/2/0112:26 PMPage 1Name Date ClassWHAT IS SCIENCE?(pages 10-19)This section describes how scientists explore problems and seek answers to questionsabout the natural world. The section also describes the branches of science.Introduction(page 10)1. What is science? Science is a way of learning about the natural world andthe knowledge gained through that process.2. The many ways in which scientists explore the problems and seekanswers to questions about the natural world is referred to asscientific inquiry.Thinking Like a Scientist(pages 11–15)3. What skills do scientists use? Posing questions, making observations andinferences, developing hypotheses, designing experiments, collecting data Prentice-Hall, Inc.and making measurements, interpreting data, and drawing conclusions.Match the term with its definition.TermDefinitionb4. observationa5. inferencea. An interpretation based on gatheredinformation and prior knowledgeb. Using sight, hearing, smell, andsometimes taste to gather information6. A possible explanation for observations that relate to a scientificquestion is called a(n)Science Explorer Grade 6hypothesis.Guided Reading and Study Workbook1
GSW-6 00/FNL5/2/0112:26 PMPage 2Name Date ClassWhat Is Science? (continued)7. A hypothesis can be tested by observation orexperimentation.8. Complete the compare/contrast table.VariablesType of VariableDefinitionManipulated variableVariable that the scientist changesResponding variableVariable that changes as a result9. Is the following sentence true or false? In a controlled experiment,falsescientists keep all the variables constant.10. Is the following sentence true or false? Scientists who study processesthat take millions of years cannot conduct experiments.false11. The facts, figures, and other evidence collected in an experiment aredatacalled.12. Circle the letter of the units of measurement that are used by scientistsworldwide.a. IS unitsb. International unitsc. SI unitsd. Data units Prentice-Hall, Inc.13. A model that imitates something in the real world is called a(n)simulation.Scientific Laws and Theories(page 16)14. A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every timeunder a particular set of conditions is a(n)scientific law.15. A well-tested scientific concept that explains a wide range ofobservations is a(n)2scientific theoryGuided Reading and Study Workbook.Science Explorer Grade 6
GSW-6 00/FNL5/2/0112:26 PMPage 3Name Date Class16. Is the following sentence true or false? If tests fail to support a theory,falsescientists do more tests until the theory is supported.Laboratory Safety(page 16)17. Why is it important to follow safe laboratory practices? They protecteveryone from injury and make investigations go more smoothly.Branches of Science(page 18)18. What are the four main branches of science? Physical science, Earthscience, life science, and environmental science.19. Knowledge about Earth and its place in the universe is referred to asEarth science.20. Circle the letter of each kind of work scientists do.a. Test water suppliesb. Study weatherc. Design safer carsd. Study rain forests21. Scientists who study the universe are calledastronomers.22. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about environmentalscientists.a. They study the effects of using Earth’s resources. Prentice-Hall, Inc.b. They determine the effects of human activities on the environment.c. They try to solve problems such as pollution.d. They focus on the solar system.23. Is the following sentence true or false? The branches of science are notseparate from one another.trueTechnology and the Internet(page 19)24. What are two ways that technology helps scientists? Technology helpsscientists collect and analyze data. It also helps them communicate theirdiscoveries to other scientists and to the public.Science Explorer Grade 6Guided Reading and Study Workbook3
GSW-6 00/FNL5/2/0112:26 PMPage 4Name Date ClassWhat Is Science? (continued)WordWiseUse your knowledge of the key terms to solve the crossword iee8onressipondingenc9h ypothe10siClues across1. Experiment in which only one variable is manipulated4. Any factor that can change in an experiment7. The facts, figures, and other evidence gained throughobservation8. The variable that changes as a result of themanipulated variable9. A possible explanation for a set of observations oranswer to a scientific question4Guided Reading and Study Workbook2. Use of all five senses togather information5. An interpretation basedon observation andprior knowledge6. A statement thatdescribes what scientistsexpect to happen everytime10. Units of measurementsused by scientistsScience Explorer Grade 6 Prentice-Hall, Inc.3. Way of learning about the natural world andknowledge gained through that processClues down
GSW-6 01/FNL5/2/0112:27 PMPage 5Name Date ClassCHAPTER 1MATTER AND ENERGYSECTION1–1Describing Matter and Energy(pages 24-33)This section describes matter and energy. It also describes properties of matter andexplains the two basic ways that matter can change.Defining Matter and Energy(pages 24–25)1. In science, what is the meaning of the word matter? Matter is anythingthat has mass and takes up space.2. Is the following sentence true or false? Air is not considered matterbecause it is invisible.false3. What is energy? Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.4. What is chemistry? Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and Prentice-Hall, Inc.how matter changes.Classifying Matter by Its Physical and ChemicalProperties (pages 25–26)5. What two groups of properties are used to identify, describe, and classifymatter?a. physical propertiesb. chemical properties6. A single kind of matter that has distinct physical and chemicalproperties is called a(n)substance.7. Color, texture, odor, and the temperature at which a substance melts areexamples of physical properties .Science Explorer Grade 6Guided Reading and Study Workbook5
GSW-6 01/FNL5/2/0112:27 PMPage 6Name Date ClassCHAPTER 1, Matter and Energy (continued)8. A characteristic that is observed when a substance interacts withanother substance is a(n)Kinds of Matterchemical property.(pages 27–29)9. What is an element? An element is a substance that cannot be brokendown into any other substances by chemical or physical means.10. What is a compound? A compound is a substance made of two or moreelements chemically combined in a set ratio.compound11. Table sugar is an example of a(n).12. What is a mixture? A mixture is made from two or more substances—elements, compounds, or both—that are in the same place but are notchemically combined.13. Is the following sentence true or false? Most matter occurs in theenvironment as mixtures.true Prentice-Hall, Inc.14. What are two ways that mixtures differ from compounds?a. The substances in a mixture keep their individual properties.b. The parts of a mixture are not necessarily present in set ratios.6Guided Reading and Study WorkbookScience Explorer Grade 6
GSW-6 01/FNL5/2/0112:27 PMPage 7Name Date Class15. Complete the concept map about types of matter.Matteris classified asElementsCompoundsChanges in MatterMixtures(pages 30–31)16. What are two kinds of changes in matter?a. physical changesb. chemical changes17. What is a physical change in matter? A physical change is a change thatalters the form or appearance of a material but does not make the materialinto another substance.18. What are the three principal states of matter?a. solidsb. liquidsc. gases19. Is the following sentence true or false? Water remains the sametrue Prentice-Hall, Inc.substance regardless of its physical state.20. What is a chemical change of matter? A chemical change is a change inmatter that produces new substances.21. Another name for a chemical change ischemical reaction.22. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about what can occur in achemical change.a. Compounds may be broken down into elements.b. Elements may combine to form compounds.c. Compounds may change from one state to another.d. Compounds may change into other compounds.Science Explorer Grade 6Guided Reading and Study Workbook7
GSW-6 01/FNL5/2/0112:27 PMPage 8Name Date ClassCHAPTER 1, Matter and Energy (continued)23. Complete the table by classifying each change as either a physicalchange or a chemical change.Changes in MatterChangePhysical or Chemical Change?Milk turns sour.Chemical changeWood is chopped in half.Physical changeWood is burned.Chemical changeIce melts into liquid water.Physical changeEnergy and Matter(pages 31–33)24. Is the following sentence true or false? Energy is always involved whentruephysical and chemical changes in matter occur.25. Energy related to the motion or position of matter ismechanical energy.26. The energy you sense as heat isthermal energy.27. Is the following sentence true or false? If thermal energy is added tomatter, the particles of matter move more slowly.false Prentice-Hall, Inc.28. Light, X-rays, TV signals, and ultraviolet rays are examples ofelectromagnetic energy.29. In a microwave oven, electromagnetic energy is changed tothermalenergy.30. The energy of moving electric charges is calledelectrical energy.31. Electrical energy can be turned into mechanical energy , which turnsmotors.32. The energy that is transferred to other forms of energy in a chemicalreaction is called8chemical energyGuided Reading and Study Workbook.Science Explorer Grade 6
GSW-6 01/FNL5/2/0112:27 PMPage 9Name Date ClassMeasuring MatterSECTION1–2(pages 34-39)This section explains the difference between mass and weight. It also explains whatthe density of a substance is.Mass(pages 34–35)weight1. A measure of the force of gravity on an object is called.2. Why would you weigh less on the moon than you do on Earth? Theforce of gravity is much less on the moon than it is on Earth.3. What is mass? Mass is a measurement of how much matter an objectcontains.4. Why do scientists rely on mass rather than weight as the measurement ofhow much matter an object contains? Mass does not change if the forceof gravity changes, but weight does change.5. What system of units do scientists use to measure the properties of matter? Prentice-Hall, Inc.They use the International System of Units.6. The SI unit for mass isVolumekilogram.(pages 35–37)7. The amount of space that matter occupies is called itsvolume.8. What formula do you use to find the volume of a rectangular object?Volume Length Width Height9. What are the SI/metric units for volume listed in Figure 11 on page 38?3a. cubic meter (m )b. liter (L)c. milliliter (mL)d. cubic centimeter (cm )Science Explorer Grade 63Guided Reading and Study Workbook9
GSW-6 01/FNL5/2/0112:27 PMPage 10Name Date ClassCHAPTER 1, Matter and Energy (continued)Density—A Physical Property of Matter(pages 38–39)10. What is density? Density is a physical property that relates the mass andvolume of an object or material.11. Why does a kilogram of bricks take up a much smaller space than akilogram of feathers? Bricks and feathers have different densities.12. What formula do you use to calculate the density of an object?Density MassVolume13. One unit of density is g/cm3. How do you say that unit in words?Grams per cubic centimeter14. What unit of measurement is often used for the density of liquids?Grams per milliliter, or g/mL15. If you drop a block of gold and a block of wood into water, the goldsinks and the wood floats. What can you conclude about the density ofgold and wood compared to the density of water? Water has a densityof 1.0 g/cm3. Since wood floats, its density must be less than 1.0 g/cm3.16. Is the following sentence true or false? The density of a substance varieswith the samples of that substance.falseReading Skill PracticeOutlining is a way to help yourself understand and remember what you have read. Write anoutline of Section 1–2, Measuring Matter. In your outline, copy the headings in the textbook.Under each heading, write the main idea. Then list the details that support, or back up, the mainidea. Do your work on a separate sheet of paper.The major heads of students’ outlines of the section should be Mass, Volume, and Density. Thesection’s subheads should form the next level of the outline.10 Guided Reading and Study WorkbookScience Explorer Grade 6 Prentice-Hall, Inc.Since gold sinks, its density must be greater than 1.0 g/cm3.
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Branches of Science (page 18) 18. What are the four main branches of science?Physical science, Earth science, life science, and environmental science. 19. Knowledge about Earth and its place in the universe is referred to as . 20. Circle the letter of each kind of work scientists do. a. Test water supplies b.Study weather c. Design safer cars d.
Teacher of Grade 7 Maths What do you know about a student in your class? . Grade 7 Maths. University Grade 12 Grade 11 Grade 10 Grade 9 Grade 8 Grade 7 Grade 6 Grade 5 Grade 4 Grade 3 Grade 2 Grade 1 Primary. University Grade 12 Grade 11 Grade 10 Grade 9 Grade 8 Grade 7 Grade 6 Grade 5 . Learning Skill
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Grade 4 NJSLA-ELA were used to create the Grade 5 ELA Start Strong Assessment. Table 1 illustrates these alignments. Table 1: Grade and Content Alignment . Content Area Grade/Course in School Year 2021 – 2022 Content of the Assessment ELA Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
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