Putting It In Context: Purpose, Process, And Importance Of Historic .

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Putting it in Context: Purpose, Process, andImportance of Historic ContextsAmanda BlosserOffice of Historic PreservationBenicia Local Government WorkshopMarch 18th, 2016Marshall The Ventura County Planning Commission, 5 Feb 2015

Learning Objectives1. Learn about historic contexts2. Compare the different types and ways to organize historiccontexts3. Learn how to prepare a historic context4. Learn how to use a historic context5. Understand the reasons for completing a historic context

Historic Contexts: What are they?Historical context is the political, social, cultural, and economic settingfor a particular idea or event. In order to better understand somethingin history, we must look at its context--those things which surround itin time and place and which give it its meaning. In this way, we cangain, among other things, a sense of how unique or ordinary an eventor idea seems to be in comparison to other events and ideas.

Historic Contexts: What are they?More specifically for our purposes, the National Register ofHistoric Places defines a historic context as:“ An organizing structure for interpreting history that groupsinformation about historic properties which share a commontheme, common geographical location, and common timeperiod. The development of historic contexts is a foundationfor decisions about planning, identification, evaluation,registration, and treatment of historic properties, based oncomparative significance.”National Register Bulletin 15A

Historic Contexts: What are they?“Patterns or trends in history by which a specific occurrence,property or site is understood and its meaning within history orprehistory is made clear.”National Register Bulletin 15

What is a Historic Context?In plain language, a historic context tells the stories thatexplain: How When WhyThe built environment developed or looks the way itdoes.

What is a Historic Context? Historic Contexts are a fundamental tool for theidentification of historic resources and determiningtheir significance Body of information about related propertiesorganized by theme, place, and time

Ways to Organize Historic ContextsBy Theme, Geography, or Chronology8

Examples of types of Historic ContextsThematic-statewideThematic-statewide

Types of Historic ContextsThematic-statewideThematic-local

Types of Historic ContextsGeographically based- localGeographically based- local

Types of Historic ContextsChronologically based-nationalChronologically based-local

Steps for developing a historic context Identify the concept, chronological period, andgeographical area of the historic context Assemble the information about the historic context– Collect information about the prehistory or historyof the geographical area Including information on previously identified properties– Assess for bias in historic perspective,methodological approach, or an area of coverage Synthesize information and consider:– Trends in settlement and development– Aesthetic and artist values– Research values

Steps for completing a historic contextDefine property types– Identify property types– Generalize about locational patterns or where they are likely to be located– Characterize the current conditionsEstablish significance criteria

Putting it all togetherIdentify the concept, chronological period, and geographicalarea of the historic context– Civilian Conservation CorpBuildings and Structures– 1933-1942– StatewideAssemble the information aboutthe historic context– Include information aboutpreviously identified properties– Assess for data gaps or bias

Putting it all togetherSynthesize information and prepare a written narrativewhich includes:– Important patterns, events, persons, architectural types andcultural values– Develop a historical overview but don’t limit it to only anoverviewDefine property sPhysical CharacteristicsExamples:– Residential– Commercial– Carnegie Libraries– Railroad relatedbuildings and structures– Water storage facilities

Putting it all togetherEstablish significance criteria Any Italianate style residence within the city limits iseligible for the Happy City Register Any building designed by architect SparkyMcSparkerson is eligible for the Happy City Register Any building associated with Bubba White Jr. is eligiblefor Happy City Register because he is super important

Notes about putting it all together Not just a historical overviewAdds information about common themes, places, andtime to historic developmentContext: Residential Development and Suburbanization, 1850-1980Theme: Early Residential Development, 1880-1930Sub-Theme: Early Single-Family Residential Development, 1880-1930 Focus on property types rather than on individualbuildings Connects history with built environmentA historic context is a specialized form of historicalwriting with specific goals and requirements.

Applying the historic context to evaluations of historicpropertiesEvery evaluation “must place a property in its historic context tosupport that property’s significance. Historic context means theinformation about the period, the place, and the events thatcreated, influenced, or formed the backdrop to the historicresources. The discussion of historic context should describe thehistory of the community where the property is located as itrelates to the history of the property.”National Register Bulletin 39, “Researching a Historic Property,” 2.

Applying the historic context to evaluationsof historic properties The portion of the prehistory or history of the local,state, or nation the property represents Whether the portion of the prehistory or history issignificant Whether the property has relevance and importancein illustrating the historic context How the property illustrates that history Whether the property possesses the physicalfeatures necessary to convey the aspect of prehistoryor history

Examples

Headquarters Administration Building,Big Basin State Park

What is the historic context(s) and is thebuilding significant?Facts: Located in Big Basin State Park, the 1st State Park inCalifornia Constructed in 1936 Built by a CCC crew Designed by Daniel HullPotential Context: Big Basin State Park CCC in California Architecture designed by Daniel Hull Park Rustic style architecture

What is the historic context(s) and is thebuilding significant?Eligible within these historic contexts: Big Basin State Park CCC in California Architecture designed by Daniel Hull Park Rustic style architecture Eligible under Criteria A for its association with theCCC in the National Park Service-California StatePark cooperative program Eligible under Criterion C as a significant example ofPark Rustic architecture

El Teatro Campesino

El Teatro CampesinoFacts: Located in San Juan Bautista Built in 1944 as a warehouse and used as aspinach packing plant Later used as bow and ribbon factory 1980 the building was purchased by Luis and LupeValdez and converted into a theaterPotential Contexts: Agriculture– Local or statewide Manufacturing Local or statewide Theater

What is the historic context(s) and is itsignificant?Eligible within these contexts: Agriculture Local or statewide Manufacturing Local or statewide Theater Eligible under Criterion A for its association with theChicano theater movement Eligible under Criterion B for its association with LuisValdez, the father of Chicano theater

Why should I prepare a historic context?Difficult to determine significance without a historic context

Why should I prepare a historic context? First step to identifying historical resources Identification of historic resources helps determinewhich of those resources should be preserved Facilitates environmental reviews (CEQA and otherland-use decisions)– Surveys in areas prone to development– Sorts out historic and non-historic properties Determinations of historic resources are not arbitraryand should they be contested, the local jurisdictionhas an administrative record how they arrived at theirconclusion.

Frequently asked questions It seems like a really big task to write an entire historyof our town/city/history. Where do we start? How do we find money to have a consultant prepare ahistoric context? Can we use grad students to write this for us? What about archaeology?

Applying the historic context to evaluations of historic properties Every evaluation "must place a property in its historic context to support that property's significance. Historic context means the information about the period, the place, and the events that created, influenced, or formed the backdrop to the historic resources.

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