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WYDOTDESIGNGUIDESNon-NHSState Highways2021

Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION .3PROJECT AND PROGRAM DIRECTION .3GENERAL DEFINITIONS .4APPLICATION CRITERIA – Non-NHS STATE HIGHWAY PRESERVATION PROJECTS .6Project Direction .6Highway Pavements .6Highway and Roadside Geometrics .6Highway Structures .6Highway and Roadside Safety .7Highway Capacity .8Highway Intersections and Interchanges .8Highway Corridor Reviews and Evaluations.8APPLICATION CRITERIA – Non-NHS STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM REHABILITATION PROJECTS .9Project Direction .9Highway Pavements .9Highway and Roadside Geometrics .10Table 1. Non-NHS Arterial State Highways - Rehabilitation Project Type: Controlling Design Criteriaand Tolerable Controls (Design Values) .11Table 2. Non-NHS Collector and Local State Highways - Rehabilitation Project Type: ControllingDesign Criteria and Tolerable Controls (Design Values) .12Table 3. Non-NHS State Highways - Rehabilitation Project Type: Non-Controlling Design Criteria andDesign Values .13Highway Structures .13Table 4. Non-NHS Arterial State Highways - Rehabilitation Project Type: Structure Controlling DesignCriteria and Tolerable Controls (Design Values) .15Table 5. Non-NHS Collector and Local State Highways Rehabilitation Project Type: StructureControlling Design Criteria and Tolerable Controls (Design Values) .15Highway and Roadside Safety .15Highway Capacity .16Highway Intersections and Interchanges .17Highway Corridor Evaluations .17October 2019

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways CriteriaAPPLICATION CRITERIA – Non-NHS STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM RECONSTRUCTION PROJECTS .19Project Direction .19Highway Pavements .19Highway and Roadside Geometrics .20Table 6. Arterial State Highways - Reconstruction Project Type: Controlling Design Criteria andDesign Values .21Table 7. Collector State Highways - Reconstruction Project Type: Controlling Design Criteria andDesign Values .22Table 8. Local State Highways - Reconstruction Project Type: Controlling Design Criteria and DesignValues .23Table 9. Non-NHS State Highways - Reconstruction Project Type: Non-Controlling Design Criteriaand Design Values .24Highway Structures .25Table 10. Non-NHS State Highways (SH) - Reconstruction Project Type: Structure Controlling DesignCriteria and Design Values .25Highway and Roadside Safety .26Highway Capacity .27Highway Intersections and Interchanges .27Highway Corridor Evaluations .27REFERENCES .292January 2021

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways CriteriaGUIDE FOR Non-NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM (Non-NHS)STATE HIGHWAYSPRESERVATION – REHABILITATION – RECONSTRUCTIONINTRODUCTIONThis Guide is directed to developing transportation projects on the Wyoming Non-NHS StateHighway System functionally classified as Minor Arterials, Collectors Highways, and LocalHighways. The Guide outlines project development criteria and procedures, within three projecttypes – Preservation, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction – to address major Program areas. TheseProgram areas are: Highway Pavements, Highway and Roadside Geometrics, Highway Structures,Highway and Roadside Safety, Highway Capacity, Highway Intersections, and Highway CorridorEvaluations.PROJECT AND PROGRAM DIRECTIONDeveloping each transportation project, from early scoping through design and construction, mustrecognize that the Department continues to operate with increasing transportation needs, higherconstruction costs, and limited funding. As a result, project scopes and designs should be developedwith an understanding of those objectives that best meet the Department’s goals to take care of allphysical aspects of the State Transportation System and to exercise good stewardship of resources.Every project scope and design must be specifically directed to the highway corridor proposed forimprovement, rather than applying historical standards or practices based on the highway system.Preservation projects should first review the highway corridor to identify existing deficiencies inpavements, bridge structures, safety, capacity, and highway operations including interchanges andintersections; Rehabilitation and Reconstruction projects should evaluate the highway corridor toidentify existing deficiencies in pavements, bridge structures, safety, capacity, and highwayoperations including interchanges and intersections. Early consideration of the existing physicalcondition of the highway/roadside, and the safety, operational, and maintenance history of thecorridor should be used to establish a needs-based justification for any proposed improvement,included in the project scope. Project scopes would then guide development of cost-effectivedesigns.To further support the above goals and objectives directed to narrowly defined project scopes andcost-effective designs, the criteria and procedures presented in this Guide are developed asrecommended practice. The criteria and procedures may be modified, as needed, to meet anindividual project or location-specific situation. As a result, the use of words such as ‘may orshould’ versus ‘shall, will, or must’ is intended to support presentation of the criteria, and is notintended to present a permissive condition versus a required condition.January 20213

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways CriteriaGENERAL DEFINITIONS1. Functional Classification: Classification of the system of public highways by the characterof service they provide. The Non-NHS State Highway System is functionally classified asMinor Arterials, Collector Highways, and Local Highways. This System of highwaysprovides mobility to regional and local travel and access to adjacent land use.2. Controlling Design Criteria: Controlling design criteria are Design Speed (DS), Lane Width,Shoulder Width, Horizontal Curve Radius, Cross-Slope, Superelevation Rate, MaximumGrades, Stopping Sight Distance, Structure Vertical Clearance, and Bridge StructureCapacity (loading).3. Highway Design, Highway and Roadside Safety, and Bridge Structure Design Criteria andValues: The criteria and values current with development of this Guide are listed asReferences. All References used in this Guide are to the most current adopted editions.4. Highway Capacity Analysis: This analysis, applicable to Reconstruction projects and tothose Rehabilitation projects with bridge replacement, will be completed for a selecteddesign year using procedures from the Transportation Research Board (TRB) HighwayCapacity Manual, or an adopted State analysis method. A Level-of-Service (LOS) D hasbeen selected as the appropriate LOS to warrant capacity improvements for Non-NHS StateHighway rural mainline and urban sections.5. Project Scope and Funding: Project scopes will be determined at an early planning stageusing established management systems for Pavements, Bridges, and Safety. Early projectscoping will develop the project purpose, project type, project limits, and location-specificmajor elements.Projects meeting the criteria presented in this Guide are eligible for State and Federalfunding categories (STP, HSIP, TAP, State Construction, State Safety).6. Preservation Project Type: Preservation of the highway corridor to allow for theconstruction of a) a range of pavement design strategies that extend the service life orserviceability of the roadway pavement structure as identified in the Pavement ManagementSystem, b) bridge structure preservation or maintenance strategies identified in the BridgeManagement System, and c) selected location-specific roadway and roadside safetyimprovements supported by the Safety Management System and including location-specificroadway geometric improvements. This project type may also address corridor needs for(a) operational improvements including auxiliary lanes and intersections improvements, (b)roadway traffic control device upgrades including signs, signals, and markings and (c) areasof isolated reconstruction or rehabilitation to meet identified highway needs.4January 2021

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways Criteria7. Rehabilitation Project Type: Rehabilitation of existing highways to allow for theconstruction of selected improvements including (a) pavement design strategies identifiedin the Pavement Management System, (b) highway geometric upgrades, (c) bridge structurereplacement or rehabilitation strategies identified in the Bridge Management System, (d)roadway and roadside safety improvements supported by the Safety Management System,(e) operational improvements including auxiliary lanes, modifications to existinginterchanges and intersections, and upgrades to roadway traffic control devices includingsigns, signals, and markings. This project type could include isolated areas of reconstructionto meet identified highway needs.8. Reconstruction Project Type: New construction or reconstruction of existing highways toprovide for (a) the full range of pavement design strategies identified in the PavementManagement System, (b) highway geometric criteria upgrades, (c) bridge structurereplacement or rehabilitation strategies identified in the Bridge Management System, (d)a full range of roadway and roadside safety improvements supported by the SafetyManagement System, (e) added capacity for design year traffic including additional travellanes and auxiliary lanes, new intersections and modifications to existing intersections, and(f) roadway traffic control devices.January 20215

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways CriteriaAPPLICATION CRITERIA – Non-NHS STATE HIGHWAYPRESERVATION PROJECTSProject DirectionThese application criteria, as stated in the Introduction, are directed to each Preservation projectscope and design. Each project should first review the highway corridor (defined as the projectlimits) to identify existing deficiencies in pavements, bridge structures, safety, capacity, andhighway operations including interchanges and intersections. Early consideration of the existingphysical condition of the highway/roadside, and the safety, operational, and maintenance history ofthe corridor should be used to establish a needs-based justification for any proposed improvement,included in the project scope. Project scopes would then guide development of cost-effectivedesigns.Highway PavementsNon-NHS State Highway Preservation projects provide for a range of pavement design strategiesto extend the service life of existing plant-mix asphalt pavements and Portland cement concretepavements. Strategies for plant-mix asphalt pavements include, but are not limited to, surfacepreparations (mill, level, full-depth reclamation, other), overlays, wearing surfaces, chip seals,micro-surfacing, and seal coats. Strategies for Portland cement concrete pavements include, but arenot limited to, isolated slab replacement, dowel bar retrofit, grind and texture, and joint seals.Preservation projects will construct these strategies or other pavement treatment types as identifiedin the Pavement Management System and further outlined in the Pavement Condition and ProjectCandidates manual developed and administered through the Materials Program. This project typecould include isolated areas of reconstruction or rehabilitation to meet identified pavement structureneeds.Highway and Roadside GeometricsNon-NHS State Highway Preservation projects are not intended to improve highway geometricdesign or roadside elements; these would typically be evaluated as part of a Rehabilitation orReconstruction type project. Auxiliary lanes, including acceleration/deceleration lanes, can beconstructed with a Preservation project, when justified.Highway StructuresNon-NHS State Highway Preservation projects will provide for the preservation or maintenance ofexisting bridge structures, consistent with improvements identified in the Bridge ManagementSystem.6January 2021

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways CriteriaHighway and Roadside SafetyProject planning for Non-NHS State Highway Preservation will require a highway safety screeningto determine the safety improvements/countermeasures recommended on each project. By enteringthe project limits into the Safety Management System (SMS) administered by the Highway SafetyProgram, a Highway Safety (HWS) Segment Report is generated. The HWS Segment Report willshow the Safety Index (SI) rating for the project limits.The use of the SMS to obtain an SI rating constitutes a highway safety screening and supports theDepartment’s effort to reduce the frequency and severity of highway crashes, and directs attentionand funding to 1) those highway sections that have a history of more severe or frequent crashes and2) those highway sections where construction of safety improvements/countermeasures have thepotential to significantly reduce the crash frequency and/or severity.Highway sections with an SI Rating of 1 or 2 do not have a history of frequent or severe crashes.Although safety improvements/countermeasures may be constructed on these highway sections, thehighway safety screening does not require any additional safety work to be added to preservationprojects.Highway sections with an SI Rating of 3 or 4 show a history of frequent or severe crashes andrequires the project planning team to evaluate the need to add safety improvements/countermeasures to the project. This evaluation will reveal the potential to reduce the frequency orseverity of specific crash types/locations and is the joint responsibility of Highway Safety, Planning,Traffic, District, and Highway Development.The safety evaluation will consist of adding multiple safety treatments to the road sections withinthe SMS prior to the recon or kick-off meeting. At the recon or kick-off meeting, the design teamwill review all of the treatments suggested, review the benefit to cost ratios, and determine whatsafety treatments should be added to the project. Proposed safety improvements will be availablefor inclusion in the project scope.Preservation projects do not require additional safety improvements to be added to the project. Ifno safety improvements are recommended for the project after the design team evaluation has beencompleted, a note will be placed in the project file by the lead designer stating why safetyimprovements were not added to the project.Safety improvements, if selected for inclusion in the project scope, will meet applicable geometricand safety design criteria and design values as presented in this Guide for Non-NHS State HighwayRehabilitation Projects, WYDOT Road Design Manual, AASHTO Roadside Design Guide (RDG),AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH), NCHRP Report 350 RecommendedProcedures for the Safety Performance of Highway Features, and FHWA Manual on UniformTraffic Control Devices (MUTCD).January 20217

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways CriteriaHighway CapacityNon-NHS State Highway Preservation projects are not intended to provide for additional travellanes; future year Non-NHS State Highway capacity needs would typically be evaluated as part ofa Reconstruction type project. Auxiliary lanes, including truck climbing lanes, and acceleration/deceleration lanes can be constructed with a Preservation project, when justified.Highway Intersections and InterchangesIntersections within the limits of a Non-NHS State Highway Preservation project can be modified,as needed, to construct auxiliary lanes, including turn lanes.Non-NHS Preservation projects are not intended to improve interchange ramp or crossroadgeometric design or roadside elements; these would typically be evaluated as part of an Interstateor NHS Rehabilitation or Reconstruction type project.Highway Corridor Reviews and EvaluationsNon-NHS State Highway Preservation projects should review all physical aspects of the highwaycorridor to identify existing deficiencies and/or other highway and roadside elements that mayrequire continued maintenance, and address WYDOT direction for Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA) requirements from the WYDOT, Road Design Manual. For this Non-NHS project type, thehighway corridor to be reviewed is the project limits.This project type may include an operational evaluation of all roadside hardware, including bridgecurb and rail, guardrail barriers and terminals, bridge rail to guardrail connections, sign supportbreakaway hardware, sign legend and retroreflection, and highway and interchange lighting. Theseinstallations may be upgraded, if needed, to meet design standards according to the AASHTOManual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH), NCHRP Report 350 Recommended Proceduresfor the Safety Performance of Highway Features, FHWA Manual on Uniform Traffic ControlDevices (MUTCD), and WYDOT Operating Policy 25-1 Traffic Control and Roadway LightingDevices.All Preservation project designs should avoid right-of-way acquisitions and/or constructioneasements; these projects should also avoid or minimize environmental impacts and resultant costof mitigation.The Design Phase should evaluate alternative contracting including, but not limited to, Lane Rental,and Incentive/Disincentive provisions.8January 2021

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways CriteriaAPPLICATION CRITERIA – Non-NHS STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEMREHABILITATION PROJECTSProject DirectionThese application criteria, as stated in the Introduction, are directed to each Rehabilitation projectscope and design. Each project should first evaluate the highway corridor (arterial highway corridorto be evaluated is project limits for roadside elements and both the project limits and adjacentsections for highway (roadway) geometric elements; the collector and local highway corridor to beevaluated is the project limits) to identify existing deficiencies in pavements, bridge structures,safety, capacity, and highway operations including interchanges and intersections. Earlyconsideration of the existing physical condition of the highway/roadside, and the safety,operational, and maintenance history of the corridor should be used to establish a needs-basedjustification for any proposed improvement, included in the project scope. Project scopes wouldthen guide development of cost-effective designs.Highway PavementsNon-NHS State Highway Rehabilitation projects provide for a broad range of pavement designstrategies. Strategies for plant-mix asphalt pavements include, but are not limited to, removal andreplacement, widening, surface preparations (mill, level, full-depth reclamation, other), overlaysand seal coats. Strategies for Portland cement concrete pavements include, but are not limited to,crack and seat, grind (level), overlay and seal coats. Rehabilitation projects will construct thesestrategies or other pavement treatment types as identified in the Pavement Management System andfurther outlined in the Pavement Condition and Project Candidates manual developed andadministered through the Materials Program. This project type could include isolated areas ofreconstruction to meet identified pavement structure needs.Non-NHS State Highways will be designed to meet the following criteria for the paved width oftravel lanes, shoulders, and auxiliary lanes.Travel Lanes: For Arterial and Collector Highways, travel lanes will be designed to a full-depthpavement structure for the full width. For Local Highways, travel lanes will typically be designedto a full-depth pavement structure for the full width, but a gravel surface can be constructed ratherthan a paved surface.Shoulders: For Non-NHS State Highways classified as Arterials, shoulders will be evaluated for areduced-depth pavement structure for the inside 2 feet, with the remainder of the shoulder widthextending the plant mix or constructed with a consolidated and drain-able material. For Non-NHSState Highways classified as Collector Highways and Local Highways, shoulders will be evaluatedfor a reduced-depth plant-mix pavement structure or constructed with a consolidated and drain-ablematerial.Auxiliary Lanes: All auxiliary lanes, including passing, climbing, turning, parking and bicyclelanes, will be evaluated for a reduced-depth pavement structure as they carry a differing volumeand mix of traffic.January 20219

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways CriteriaHighway and Roadside GeometricsProject planning for Non-NHS State Highway Rehabilitation projects will include an evaluation ofexisting highway elements against design values for Controlling Design Criteria and selected noncontrolling design criteria that are below Tolerable Controls. Tolerable Controls are generallydefined as the design values for highway elements in effect at the time of original construction ofthe Non-NHS State Highway section proposed for improvement, or the design values for existinghighway elements if the highway section has been improved since original construction. Theevaluation will be used to select the highway elements that will be improved and included in theRehabilitation project scope.Design values have been developed, within this Guide, to establish a relationship between theselected Design Speed and posted speed limit for rural Non-NHS State Highways improved with aRehabilitation project type. These procedures assure that, on rural highways, the posted speed limitdoes not exceed 10 MPH over the Design Speed and related design values; urban highways, usingan urban section, will require that the Design Speed meet the posted speed.Tables 1 and 2 present the minimum design values, by functional classification, for TolerableControls for the Controlling Design Criteria relating to highway design. Design values forTolerable Controls for the Controlling Design Criteria relating to bridge structures are presented inTables 4 and 5 located in a following section, Highway Structures. These minimum design valuesare applicable to mainline Non-NHS State Highway sections and are not intended to control thedesign of auxiliary lanes.For Non-NHS State Highway Rehabilitation projects, highway and bridge structure designs forproposed improvements will be based on the minimum design values for Tolerable Controls aspresented in this Guide. Higher design values, taken from this Guide and the WYDOT Road DesignManual, are available for use when justified due to higher traffic volumes, higher truck trafficvolumes, identified safety concerns including higher frequency or more severe crash types, or otheridentified highway needs.10January 2021

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways CriteriaTable 1. Non-NHS Arterial State Highways - Rehabilitation Project Type:Controlling Design Criteria and Tolerable Controls (Design Values)Controlling DesignCriteriaDesign Speed (DS)Lane WidthShoulder WidthHorizontal CurveRadiusCross SlopeSuperelevation RateMaximum GradeStopping SightDistanceRuralDesign Values70 MPHPosted Speed60 MPHRuralDesign Values65 MPH or lessPosted Speed55 MPHUrbanDesign ValuesFootnote1, 211 FeetExisting55 MPH DSExisting PostedSpeed11 FeetExistingDS11 FeetExisting60 MPH DS1.5%Consistent withHorizontalAlignmentExisting570 Feet1.5%Consistent withHorizontalAlignmentExisting495 Feet1.5%Consistent withHorizontalAlignmentExistingDS3, 45Footnote 1 – The Urban Design Values are presented for a curb and gutter section; if a ditchsection is constructed, use Rural Design Values 65 MPH or less Posted Speed.Footnote 2 – The selected Design Speed, for rural sections, can be reduced based on postedspeed or terrain type to a minimum 40 MPH (posted speed limit does not exceed 10 MPHover the DS). Design values for Controlling Design Criteria should match the selected DSand can be taken from the WYDOT Road Design Manual.Footnote 3 – On rural sections, wider shoulder widths and/or paved widths may be selectedin consideration of WYDOT Operating Policy 7-4, Bicycle Accommodation and MultipleUse Transportation Facilities. On urban sections, the shoulder widths may be increased toprovide for parking lanes, bicycle lanes, and/or turn lanes. Selected shoulder widths includethe gutter pan width, measured to face of curb.Footnote 4 – For those highway sections where the existing shoulder widths exceed thedesign values presented in Table 6, the shoulder widths may be reduced to meet the designvalues in Table 6.Footnote 5 – The Superelevation Table emax 6% may be used in mountainous terrain; theSuperelevation Table emax 4% may be used in low-speed urban areas. In low-speed urbanareas, superelevation may be adjusted/evaluated as described in the Road Design Manual.January 202111

WYDOT – Non-NHS State Highways CriteriaTable 2. Non-NHS Collector and Local State Highways - Rehabilitation Project Type:Controlling Design Criteria and Tolerable Controls (Design Values)Controlling DesignCriteriaDesign Speed (DS)Lane WidthShoulder WidthHorizontal CurveRadiusCross SlopeSuperelevation RateMaximum GradeStopping SightDistanceRuralDesign Values70 MPHPosted Speed60 MPHRuralDesign Values65 MPH or lessPosted Speed55 MPHUrbanDesign ValuesFootnote1, 211 FeetExisting55 MPH DSExisting PostedSpeed11 FeetExistingDS11 FeetExisting60 MPH DS1.5%Consistent withHorizontalAlignmentExisting570 Feet1.5%Consistent withHorizontalAlignmentExisting495 Feet1.5%Consistent withHorizontalAlignmentExistingDSFootnote 1 – The Urban Design Values are presented for a curb and gutter section; if a ditchsection is constructed, use Rural Design Values 65 MPH or less Posted Speed.Footnote 2 – The selected Design Speed, for rural sections, can be reduced based on postedspeed or terrain type to a minimum 30 MPH for Collectors and 20 MPH for Local StateHighways (posted speed limit does not exceed 10 MPH over the DS). Design values forCon

Minor Arterials, Collector Highways, and Local Highways. This System of highways provides mobility to regional and local travel and access to adjacent land use. 2. Controlling Design Criteria: Controlling design criteria are Design Speed (DS), Lane Width, Shoulder Width, Horizontal Curve Radius, Cross-Slope, Superelevation Rate, Maximum

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