The Data Contained In The Present Paper JON INTERNATIONAL TRADE STATISTICS

1y ago
11 Views
2 Downloads
793.81 KB
82 Pages
Last View : 2d ago
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Mariam Herr
Transcription

The data contained in the present papershould be regarded as preliminary, it isrequested that no use be made of themuntil final publication.DRAFTJONINTERNATIONAL TRADE STATISTICS1900 – 1960May 1962MGT(62)12

-2-TABLE CONTENTSIntroductionTableI: World Exports 1900-1913, 1921-1938, 1948, 1950-1960Trade of Individual II:XXII ItalyJapanNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwaySouth AfricaSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom – Re-exportsUnited StatesDirection of TradeTableXXIV:World Exports by Provenance and Destination:1900, 1913, 1928, 1935, 1938, 1948, 1953 and 1959TableXXV:Direction of Exports of Individual Countries:1900, 1913, 1928, 1935, 1938, 1948, 1953 and 1959Annex INotes on Sources and MethodsAnnex IIList of Countries by Regions

-3-IN TRO D U C T I ONFor more than a decade, the Statistical Office of the United Nations has been regularlyanalyzing data on international trade and presenting them in a comparable and accessible form interms of the United Nations Standard International Trade Classification (SITC ).1 The figures arebeing currently published in Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, Commodity Trade Statisticsand Monthly Bulletin of Statistics.The purpose of the present-publication is to give, as far as possible, similar, comparable,yearly figures on international trade back to the beginning of the century by applying to the historicaldata concepts and definitions presently used in analyzing current statistics on international trade.Such a collection of statistics, besides recording the annual development of internationaltrade in a way easily comprehensible, makes possible a year to year comparison among countriesand should also give ample historical evidence of the interdependence of trade and economic growthamong the several nations. Thus it is hoped to continue and enlarge upon the work initiated by thesecretariat of the League of Nations, whose publications Network of World Trade , 1942, andIndustrialization and Foreign Trade , 1945, are still regarded as fundamental to any long-term,2quantitative study of internation al trade. In order to facilitate the study of the relationship betweengeneral economic development and international trade, the trade data have been supplemented byindices of manufacturing production, when available --these latter indices being taken as an indicator3of general economic activity.In preparing this volume, the Statistical Office of the United Nations has benefited from theco-operation of the secretariat to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.CONTENTSTables I-XXIII give for total world exports and for the exports and imports of twenty-twoindividual countries4, years 1900-1913, 1921 -1938, 1948 and 1950-1960 5, current values in UnitedStates dollars and value indices of:(a) total trade, (b) trade in manufactured goods, and (c) trade in other goods. The twenty-twocountries were chosen according to importance in world trade and availability of national tradestatistics for the whole period - these data being sufficiently detailed to distinguish, with a reasonabledegree of accuracy, manufactured goods from other goods.Unit value and quantum indices have been compiled for the world aggregates. In the case ofthe twenty-two individual countries, national unit value indices are shown wherever available, after1Standard International Trade Classification, United Nations Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 10. Beginning 1961 arevision, the SITC Revised, replaced the original SITC. The changes will, however, have no significant consequences for thecomparability of large commodity classes as presented in this publication.2The Network of World Trade gives detailed matrices of world exports and imports for 1928, 1935 and 1938.Industrialization and Foreign Trade shows the development of world trade, especially for manufactured goods [defined as ClassIV - finished manufactures - according to the International (Brussels) Classification of 1913] and manufacturing production, bothfor the world and for individual countries. The estimates of manufactured goods and the methods used to deflate the worldvalues by using unit values for one country only, the United Kingdom, were somewhat crude; the author himself, the late Mr.Folke Hilgerdt, was anxious to have them revised.3National income at constant prices might have been a better indicator of general economic activity, but historicaldata in this field exist for only a few countries.4Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium -Luxembourg, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States.5No data are shown for the period of the two world wars and the years immediately following due to the abnormalconditions then prevailing. The precedent set in earlier publications by the Statistical Office of the United Nations not to publishdata for 1949 because of the difficulties in establishing average exchange rates (as a result of devaluation of most majorcurrencies outside the dollar area) has been followed here.

-4-having been lin ked, converted to United States dollars, and switche d to the common base year, 1953.In cases where national indices were lacking, but were regarded necessary for the construction of theworld indices, the series were compiled from basic trace data. Where unit value indices wereavailable, quantum indices have also been derived. Likewise, terms of trade have been computedwhen unit value indices for both total exports and imports were obtainable. Also shown yearly is eachcountry's percentage share of world exports, both of total and of manufactured goods.The direction of trade can be seen from tables XXIV and XXV which, for the years 1900,1913, 1928, 1935, 1938, 1948, 1953 and 1959, show world exports by provenance and destination bymajor areas and destination of exports for the twenty-two countries shown separately.GENERAL STATEMENTSThe different concepts and definitions which have been applied in compiling and analyzingthe statistical data in the present volume are fully discussed in the introduction of the various issues ofYearbook of International Trade Statistics. Further explanatory notes on sources and methodsrelevant to each table arc included in Annex I. The paragraphs below, therefore, confine themselvesto remarks of a more general nature.l.SourcesThe value figures have, with a few exceptions, been obtained from national trade statistics,adjusted to the SITC and arranged according to commodity groups by detailed compilation. Whereexport and import data have already been published according to the SITC, as is the case for manycountries from 1950 onwards, the figures have been taken from various issues of United NationsYearbook of International Trade Statistics.The national definitions and methods applied as to territory, system of trade and method ofvaluation have been accepted throughout from the original sources, although these definitions andmethods differ from country to country and have often changed over the years covered by thisinvestigation.1 As far as the twenty-two countries shown separately are concerned, an attempt hasbeen made to record in the explanatory notes (Annex 1) the changes in the system of trade andmethod of valuation, while only major territorial changes are mentioned. However, no adjustmentshave been made in the figures themselves for changes caused by variations in method of valuation,system of trade or territory. This fact must be kept in mind in interpreting data, both with respect tothe figures for individual countries and the world aggregates.2.TerritoryThe statistics shown for a country during a certain year include the trade of the territory (orcustoms area) of that country in that particular year. Territorial changes can, of course, greatlyinfluence the magnitude of international trade. The combination of two territories formerly separateresults in the elimination of their trade with one another from the statistics for both territories; likewise,the separation of two territories formerly together results in the appearance of their trade with oneanother in the statistics for both territories. For example, before the First World War, trade betweenAustria, Hungary and what became Czechoslovakia was not recorded as international trade as allthree countries then belon ged to Austria-Hungary which was one single customs area. As mentionedabove, no adjustment for territorial changes has been incorporated in the figures .2 Since most of themajor territorial changes took place just after the two world wars, one can, therefore, regard territorialchanges as being of small importance for the series of world aggregates within the three distinct timeperiods covered, namely, 1900-1913, 1921-1938 and 1948, 1950 -1960.1Due to the great importance of re-exports from the United Kingdom, retained imports (general imports minus reexports) are shown instead of general imports (as found in the original sources) together with national exports and re-exports.2One exception concerns the trade between Germany and Austria in 1938 has been included in world totals, but notin the special tables for the two countries.

-5-The designations of countries and territories and the arrangement of material in thispublication should not be considered as implying any endorsement or other judgment by thesecretariat of the United Nations regarding the legal status of any country or territory, or of itsauthorities, or in respect of the del imitation of its boundaries.3.Exchange ratesAll value figures are in current United States dollars, and all index numbers of unit values arebased on values in current United States dollars. 1 Values in national currencies are converted intoUnited States dollars by application of the exchange rates published in the annual reports of theDirector of the United States Mint for the years 1900-1913; by rates published by the League ofNations for the years 1921 -1938, and the International Monetary Fund for the post-war years.The conversion factors shown in tables II-XXIII express the average relation during each yearof the national currency unit to the current United States dollar. Due to the extremely unstablemonetary situation in many countries following the First World War, the value figures for the years1921-1924 are probably less accurate than for other years.4.Commodity classificationThe commodity classes are based on the SITC. This means that gold bullion, coin, and allother curren t specie are excluded in all years, while silver bullion and unissued coin are included inmanufactured goods.Manufactured goods are defined as Sections 5-8 of the SITC, i.e.:5678ChemicalsManufactured goods classified chiefly by materialMachinery and transport equipmentMiscellaneous manufactured articlesManufactured goods, therefore, include unwrought metals and exclude processed foods andrefined petroleum. Other goods , consequently, consist of Sections 0-4 and 9 of the SITC:01234FoodBeverages and tobaccoCrude materials, inedible, except fuelsMineral fuels, lubricants and related materialsAnimal and vegetable oils and fatsand9 Miscellaneous transactions and commodities, n.e.s.Postal packages (not otherwise classified) which are part of SITC Section 9, have beenincluded in manufactured goods where they are of considerable impor tance, e.g. in the case ofFrance and the United Kingdom.5.Unit value and quantum indicesAs mentioned above, the unit value indices for the various countries are, in most cases,official national indices linked together, adjusted for exchange rate variations and switched to thebase 1953 100. The indices for manufactured goods are those national indices which cover acommodity composition as near as possible to SITC Sections 5-3. Most qu antum indices, both for theseparate countries and the world have been obtained by dividing the unit value indices into thecorresponding value indices. This may give somewhat different results from the national quantumindices published. When using the data, the general problems involved in constructing comparable1Should values be required in terms of dollars of a constant gold content for the whole period, the value data givenmay be converted into "new" dollars for which the gold content was fixed 31 January 1934 and is currently in force ( 35 perounce) by means of the following ratios of "new" to current dollars: prior to 1933, 1.6932; 1933, 1.32; 1934, 1.01.

-6-index figures over a long period of time should be borne in mind. Thus the index numbers should notbe used for exact year to year comparisons, but should be accurate enough to show the long-termdevelopments.6.Terms of tradeThe terms of trade of each country have been obtained by dividing the respective import unitvalue indices into the export unit value indices.7.Indices of manufacturing productionThe series are, in most cases, official national series linked together and switched to the base1953 100. The national indices are those which cover a composition of industrial activities as nearas possible to Divisions 2 and 3 of the United Nations International Standard Industrial Classificationof all Economic Activities.8.Revised figuresThe figures shown are, as far as possible, the most recent revisions available at the time ofcompilation. As regards figures for recent years, it should be remembered, however, that mostcountries do not publish final figures until several years after the period to which the statistics refer.9.RoundingAlthough decimals were included in the computations, all figures presented are shownrounded to the nearest whole number with the exception of exchange rates and percentages of worldexports.10.SymbolsThe following symbols have been used:. Figures not available or not applicableNil or negligibleSubstantial breaks in the homogeneity of a table are indicated by horizontal lines across thecolumns of figures.

Table 1WORLD EXPORTS 1900-1913,1921-1938,1948,1950-1960Value in million US dollarsIndex numbers: 1953 100Unit anuf.goodsTotalOthergoodsRatios (per cent)Unit ValueTerms of trade(manuf.goodsto other goods)Value aManuf.goodsto total40QuantumManuf.goodsto othergoodsWorldmanuf.productionb1953 193100100109123130123137147a Based on absolute values.B Adjusted for the years 1955-60 according to UN, Stat. Yearbook 1969, p54.

TABLE II - ARGENTINAIMPORTSValue In million US YearConv.factorUS centsper pesoIndex numbers: 1953 sUnit tumManuf.TotalgoodsTotalManuf.Index ofmanuf.productiongoods1953 10112a Peso oro 1900-1929; peso m/1 1930-1932; peso m/n 1933-1938. Beginning 1948 values are officially compiled in US dollars.

TABLE II - ARGENTINAEXPORTSYearConv.factorUS centsTotalperpesoValue in million US dollarsaManuf.GoodsOthergoodsPercentage ofWorld exportsTotalManuf.GoodsIndex numbers: 1953 100ValueTotalManuf.goodsUnit 7378.1129010096979677838892a Peso oro 1900-1929; peso m/1 1930-1932; peso m/n 1933-1938. Beginning 1948 values are officially compiled in US dollars.108885910010894103117122126126

Table III - AUSTRALIAIMPORTSConv.Value In million US dollarsIndex numbers: 1953 100YearUS centsUnit anuf.Index ofmanuf.productiongoodsAust. 4139128100130144126122128131166a Values 1900-1905 are based on dollar figures from Statistical Abstract of Foreign Countries, Dept. of Commerce and Labour, 1909.

Table III - AUSTRALIAEXPORTSConv.Value in million US dollarsfactorYearAust. 1900190219031904Index numbers: 1953 100ValueUS centsTotalper1901Percentage ofWorld f.goodsTotalUnit valueOthergoodsManuf.goodsTotalQuantumTerms 3127.971463610095858582716971

Table IV - AUSTRIAIMPORTSYearaConv.factorUS centsper krone/aschillingValue In million US oodsUnit oodsIndex ofmanuf.production1953 4.06407192614.071927Krone 1900-1924; schilling 1925-1960.Trade with Germany excluded.cConversion factor for Reichsmark.bIndex numbers: 1953 045495560609999100115135140147152158172

Table IV - AUSTRIAEXPORTSYearConv.factorUS centsperkrone/schilling aValue in million US dollarsTotalManuf.GoodsOthergoodsPercentage ofIndex numbers: 1953 100World exportsTotalManuf.GoodsValueTotalManuf.goodsUnit valueOthergoodsTotalTerms 5

Table V - BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURGIMPORTSConv.YearfactorUS centsperfrancValue in million US dollarsTotalManuf.goodsOthergoodsIndex numbers: 1953 100TotalValueManuf.goodsOthergoodsUnit valueManuf.TotalgoodsQuantumManuf.TotalgoodsIndex ofmanuf.production1953 26303932202220212220212833292314182020222924

France and the United Kingdom. 5. Unit value and quantum indices As mentioned above, the unit value indices for the various countries are, in most cases, official national indices linked together, adjusted for exchange rate variations and switched to the base 1953 100. The indices for manufactured goods are those national indices which cover a

Related Documents:

May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)

Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .

On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.

̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions

Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have

Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được

Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.

Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.