Design - Poly Pipe .au
designcontentsPipe Selection3Pipe Dimensions4Allowable Operating Pressure5Temperature Influences7Service Lifetimes7Pipe Design for Variable Operating Conditions8E Modulus10Selection of Wall Thickness for Special Applications10Hydraulic Design11Flow Chart Worked Examples13Part Full Flow15Resistance Coefficients1617-26Flow ChartsSurge and Fatigue27Celerity28Slurry Flow29Pipe Wear30Maintenance and Operation31Fittings31Pneumatic Flow32System Design Guidelines for the Selection of Vinidexair Compressed Air Pipelines33Expansion And Contraction35External Pressure Resistance36Trench Design37Allowable Bending Radius38Deflection Questionnaire – FAX BACK39Deflection Questionnaire – Vinidex locations4041Thrust Block SupportsElectrical ConductivityyVibrationPtpuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriHeat SourcesLtd434343IPE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe SystemsDesign.1
designLimitation of LiabilityThis manual has been compiled by Vinidex PtyLimited (“the Company”) to promote betterunderstanding of the technical aspects of theCompany’s products to assist users in obtainingfrom them the best possible performance.The manual is supplied subject toacknowledgement of the following conditions: The manual is protected by Copyright and maynot be copied or reproduced in any form or byany means in whole or in part without priorconsent in writing by the Company. Product specifications, usage data and advisoryinformation may change from time to time withadvances in research and field experience. TheCompany reserves the right to make suchchanges at any time without notice. Correct usage of the Company’s productsinvolves engineering judgements which cannotbe properly made without full knowledge of allthe conditions pertaining to each specificinstallation. The Company expressly disclaimsall and any liability to any person whethersupplied with this publication or not in respectof anything and of the consequences of anythingdone or omitted to be done by any such personin reliance whether whole or partial upon thewhole or any part of the contents of thispublication. No offer to trade, nor any conditions of trading,are expressed or implied by the issue of contentof this manual. Nothing herein shall override theCompany’s Conditions of Sale, which may beobtained from the Registered Office or any SalesOffice of the Company. This manual is and shall remain the property ofthe Company, and shall be surrendered ondemand to the Company.Ltdyt Information supplied in this manual does notoverride a job specification, where such conflictarises, consult the authority supervising the job. Copyright Vinidex Pty LimitedABN 42 000 664 942Ppuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriIDesign.2PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
designPipe SelectionTable 4.1 Comparison of SDR & Pressure Ratings (PN)Vinidex PE pipes are available in acomprehensive range of sizes up to1000mm diameter, and pressure classesin accordance with the requirements ofAS/NZS 4130 - Polyethylene (PE) pipesfor pressure 00PN4-PN6.3PN8Additional sizes and pressure classes toAS/NZS 4130 requirements are addedfrom time to time and subject tominimum quantity requirements, pipesmade to specific sizes, lengths orpressure classes are available.13.61197.4PN10 PN12.5 PN16PN10 PN12.5 PN16PN20PN20PN25Notes:PELong term rupture stress at 20 C (MPa x 10) to which a minimum design factoris applied to obtain the 20 C hydrostatic design hoop stress.PNPipe pressure rating at 20 C (MPa x10).SDR Nominal ratio of outside diameter to wall thickness.The Standard AS/NZS 4130 includes arange of PE material designations basedon the Minimum Required Stress (MRS),and classified as PE63, PE80, andPE100. When pipes are made to thesame dimensions, but from differentrated PE materials, then the pipes willhave different pressure ratings.The relationship between the dimensionsof the pipes, the PE materialclassification and the working pressurerating are as shown in Table 4.1.For simplicity, the dimensions of the pipehave been referred in terms of theStandard Dimension Ratio (SDR) where:Outside DiameterSDR Wall ThicknessLtdytPpuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriIPE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe SystemsDesign.3
Design.4400355315280250225IPpuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw 37.46.65.44.53.83.02.41.91.6SDR – Nominal ratio of outside diameter to wall 13.48470594737291.61.621SDRMean Min. WallI.D. .64.53.62.82.311SDRMean Min. WallI.D. Thickness(mm)(mm)131.8ID – internal 91.617SDR 13.6SDRMean Min. Wall Mean Min. WallI.D. Thickness I.D. 620017916114312811499897865534535282318149SDR 7.4Mean Min. Wall MeanI.D. Thickness 61.61.6172226SDRMean Min. WallI.D. 71.62.2291.61.61.633SDRMean Min. WallI.D. Thickness(mm)(mm)131.6s90756317221.61.641SDRMean Min. WallI.D. Thickness(mm)(mm)131.6e5040322520SDRNominalSize Min. WallDN Thickness(mm)161.6Polyethylene Pipe Dimensions (based on AS/NZS 4130-1997, Polyethylene pipes for pressure applications.)dnPipe DimensionsTable 4.2 PE Pipe Dimensions AS/NZS 4130LtdytPE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
desigAllowableOperating PressureTable 4.3 Hydrostatic Design Stress andMinimum Required Strength – ValuesHydrostatic Design BasisMaterial DesignationVinidex pipes manufactured to AS/NZS4130, Series 1 have wall thickness andpressure ratings determined by theBarlow formula as follows:T PD2S PT minimum wall thicknessP normal working pressureof pipeD minimum mean ODS hydrostatic design stressat 20 CSee Table 4.2.(mm)Minimum Required Strength(MRS) MPaHydrostatic Design Stress(S) MPaPE635.06.3PE806.38.0PE1008.010.0The Hydrostatic Design Stress (S) isobtained by application of a Design orSafety Factor (F) to the MRS.These standard values are polymerdependent and long term properties foreach pipe grade material are establishedby long term testing to the requirementsof ISO/DIS 9080 by the polymerproducers. Individual PE grades mayexhibit different characteristics and PEmaterials can be provided with enhancedspecific properties. In these cases theadvice of Vinidex engineers should beobtained.See Table 4.3.(MPa)(mm)S MRSF(MPa)Hydrostatic Design StressThe design of AS/NZS 4130 pipes hasbeen based on the static workingpressure operating continuously at themaximum value for the entire lifetime ofthe pipeline.The value of maximum hoop stress usedin the selection of the pipe wall thicknessis known as the Hydrostatic DesignStress (S). This value is dependent uponthe type of PE material being used andthe pipe material service temperature. InAS/NZS 4131, materials are classified forlong term strength by the designationMinimum Required Strength (MRS).The MRS is the value resulting fromextrapolation of short and long termtests to a 50 year point at 20 C.nThe specific value selected for theDesign Factor depends on a number ofvariables, including the nature of thetransmitted fluid, the location of thepipeline, and the risk of third partydamage.Maximum AllowableOperating PressureThe wall thickness values for Series 1pipes to AS/NZS 4130 were derivedusing a value of 1.25 for F, this being theminimum value applicable.MAOP PN x 0.125FwhereAS/NZS 4131 specifics MRS values of6.3 MPa, 8.0 MPa and 10.0 MPa for thegrades designated as PE63, PE80 andPE100 respectively.MAOP is the maximum allowableoperating pressure in MPa.PN is the pipe classification inaccordance with AS/NZS 4130.The relationship between the S and MRSstandard values in AS/NZS 4131 is asshown in Table 4.3.F is the Design Factor.For example, if the minimum value of F ischosen (F 1.25), a PN10 pipe will havea MAOP of 1.0 MPa at 20 C.LtdytNote: See Figure 2.1 for typical stressregression curves.Ppuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriIPE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe SystemsDesign.5
desWhere installation applications are usedto carry fluids other than water, thenanother value of the Design Factor mayneed to be selected. The value selectedwill depend on both the nature of thefluid being carried and the location of thepipeline installation. For specificinstallations, the advice of Vinidexengineers should be obtained.In the case of gas pipes in AS/NZS 4130,both Series 2 and Series 3, a DesignFactor ranging between F 2.0 andF 4.0 applies depending on the specificinstallation conditions; see Table 4.6.Table 4.4Typical Design FactorsPipeline ApplicationigTable 4.5 PE Pipe Pressure RatingsPN Rating NumberFWater Supply1.25Natural Gas2.0Compressed Air2.0LPG2.2Where the Design Factor is varied, thenthe MAOP for the particular Series 1 pipePN rating can be calculated as follows:PN x 0.125MAOP FNominal Working PressurePN 3.2MPa0.32Head Metres32PN 40.4040PN 6.30.6363PN 80.8080PN 101.00100PN 12.51.25125PN 161.60160PN 202.00200PN 252.50250Table 4.6 Design Factors – Gas PipesInstallationConditionsFluid typeNatural GasDesign Factor20 CnDesign Factor Valuef0LPGPipe Form2.2Straight lengthf1CoilsSoil Temperature (Av. C)DesignationF f0 x f1 x f2 x f3 x f4 x f51.01.2-10 t 0f21.20 t 201.020 t 301.130 t 351.3Distributionf3Transport1.00.9Rapid Crack Resistancef41.0f50.9Population density & area loadingOpen fieldIn the particular case of gas distribution,then the type of gas, and the pipelineinstallation conditions need to beconsidered. In this case the DesignFactor is a combination of a number ofsub factors (fx) which must be factoredtogether to give the final value for F suchthat:2.0Less trafficed roads in inbuilt areas1.05Heavy trafficed roads in inbuilt areas1.15Roads in populated area1.20Roads in industrial area1.25Private area habitation1.05Private area industry1.20Note: Where factor values are not listed, consult with Vinidex engineers forrecommendations.LtdytPpuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriIDesign.6PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
dTemperatureInfluencesThe physical properties of Vinidex PEpipes are related to a standard referencetemperature of 20 C. Where physicalproperty values are quoted to ISO andDIN Standard test methods, these are forthe 20 C condition, unless otherwisequoted. Wherever PE pipelines operate atelevated temperatures, the pressureratings (PN) must be revised.The temperature to be considered for there rating is the pipe material servicetemperature, and the actual operatingconditions for each specific installationmust be evaluated.For long length installations atemperature gradient will exist along thelength of the pipe line. This gradient willbe dependent upon site conditions, andthe fluid being carried will approach theambient temperature of the surrounds.The rate of temperature loss will bedetermined by inlet temperature, fluidflow rate, soil conductivity, ambienttemperature and depth of burial. Asthese factors are specific to eachinstallation, the temperature gradientcalculations are complex and in order toassist the designer, Vinidex havedeveloped computer software to predictthe temperature gradient along thepipeline.This is available on request to Vinidexdesign engineers.esignService LifetimesThe grades of PE specified in AS/NZS4131 are produced by differentpolymerisation methods, and as suchhave different responses to temperaturevariations.The design basis used in AS/NZS 4130for PN rating of PE pipes to determinethe minimum wall thickness for eachdiameter and PN rating provides for thesteady and continuous application of themaximum allowable working pressureover an arbitrary period of 50 years.Pipe Classification (PN) is based oncontinuous operation at 20 C and thepressure rating will be reduced forhigher temperatures. In addition, as PEis an oxidising material, the lifetime ofsome grades will be limited by elevatedtemperature operation. Table 4.7 givestemperature rerating data for Vinidexpipes made to AS/NZS 4130.The selection of the long termhydrostatic design stress value (HDS) isdependent on the specific grade of PEand the pipe material servicetemperature. For the grades of PEmaterials contained in AS/NZS 4131the specific values are contained inTable 4.3.In these tables, allowable workingpressures are derived from ISO 13761*and assume continuous operation at thetemperatures listed.Extrapolation limit is maximum allowableextrapolation time in years, based ondata analysis in accordance with ISO/DIS9080**, and at least two years of test at80 C for PE80B and PE100. Actualproduct life may well be in excess ofthese values.As these values are polymer dependent,individual grades may exhibit differentcharacteristics and materials can beprovided with enhanced properties forcrack resistance or elevated temperatureperformance. In these cases the adviceof Vinidex design engineers should beobtained.The performance of compounds used inthe manufacture of Vinidex pipes toAS/NZS 4130 has been verified byappropriate data analysis.Vinidex PE pipes are continually tested incombinations of elevated temperature(80 C water conditions) and pressure toensure compliance with specificationrequirements.In addition, Vinidex offers pipes madefrom specialised compounds forparticular applications, such as elevatedtemperature use.The adoption of a 50 year design life inAS/NZS 4130 to establish a value of theHDS is arbitrary, and does not relate tothe actual service lifetime of the pipeline.Contact Vinidex engineers for specialrequirements.Where pipelines are used for applicationssuch as water supply, where economicevaluations such as present valuecalculations are performed, the lifetimesof PE lines designed and operated withinthe AS guidelines may be regarded as70–100 years for the purpose of thecalculations. Any lifetime values beyondLtdyt thethese figures are meaningless, Paspuassumptions made in otherpartsro .au of theGe om theeconomic evaluations7us eoutweigh.coh ip 1 41effect of piperelifetime.pNote:* Plastics pipes and fittings – pressurereduction factors for polyethylenepipeline systems for use attemperatures above 20 C.** Plastics piping and ducting systems –determination of long-termhydrostatic strength ofthermoplastics materials in pipe formby extrapolation.6aW poly 0 6n.0io w 3at ww h 1giPrrIPE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe SystemsDesign.7
designExamplePipe Design forVariableOperationalConditionsThe following examples assist in thedesign and selection of polyethylenepipes for variable operating conditionsGiven Operating ConditionsPressure/Temperature/Time RelationshipPumped system normally working at amaximum head, including surge of 60m.At startup, the mean pipe walltemperature is 55 C, dropping to 35 Cafter 1 hour. Pump operation is for 10hours per day, with a system life of 15years.1. Assume PE 80B2. Determine Pipe ClassThe worst situation is operation at 55 C.From Table 4.7, PN10 pipe at 55 C hasan allowable working head of 60m.DetermineMaterialPN10 pipe is therefore satisfactory.Class of pipe3. Determine LifeLifeTotal time at 55 CSteps 1 x 365 x 15 5475h 0.625y.1. Assume a materialFrom Table 4.7, Lmin for 55 C is 24 years,therefore proportion of time used is:2. Determine Class fromTemperature Rating Table 4.7Note: For brief periods at elevatedtemperature it may be appropriate todecrease the safety factor to a value of x,i.e. multiply the working pressure by:1.25x3. By the following process,assess whether life is ‘used up’For each combination of time andtemperature, estimate the proportion oflife ‘used up’ by using the time/temperature relationships in the table.0.625 0.026 2.6%24Total time at 35 C 9 x 365 x 15 49275h 5.625y.From the table, Lmin for 35 C is 100 years,therefore proportion of time used is:5.625 0.056 5.6%100Total proportion is 8.2% of life used in15 years (6.25 years actual operation).If the proportion is less than unity, thematerial is satisfactory.The data in the tables are obtained fromLtdthe use of ISO 13761 and ISO/DIS 9080,yPtpand are appropriate for compoundsuro utypically used by Vinidex. e G m.asoou pe.c 417he pi 61arW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriIDesign.8PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
designTable 4.7 Temperature Rating TablesPE80BExtrapolationTemp LimitPN 3.2 62412852232302826242221191817161413Permissible System Operating Head (m)PN 4 PN 6.3 PN 8 PN 10 PN 12.5 PN 3105989083PE80CExtrapolationTemp LimitPN 3.2 le System Operating Head (m)PN 4 PN 6.3 PN 8 PN 10 PN 12.5 PN 25113PE100ExtrapolationTemp LimitPN 3.2 62412852232302826242221191817161413Permissible System Operating Head (m)PN 4 PN 6.3 PN 8 PN 10 PN 12.5 PN 105LtdytPpuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriIPE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe SystemsDesign.9
desE ModulusinTable 4.8 E Values (MPa)The E modulus of polyethylene varieswith temperature, duration of loading,stress, and the particular grade ofmaterial.However, in order to facilitateengineering calculations, it is generallyappropriate to group materials intocategories and adopt ‘typical’ values of E.PE 80BTemp C3 00150-PE 80CTable 4.8 lists E values in MPa forPE80B (MDPE), PE80C (HDPE), andPE100 (HDPE).Selection of WallThickness forSpecialApplicationsTemp C3 5130-PE 100Temp C3 260190-For a required nominal diameter (DN)and working pressure, the necessarywall thickness for special applicationsmay be calculated using the Barlowformula:t gP.DN2.S PExamplewhereP 900kPaP maximum working pressure (MPa)DN 630DN nominal outside diameter(mm)MRS 10 (PE100)S design hoop stress(MPa)F 1.25S 101.25t 0.9 x 630 33.6mm16 0.9t minimum wall thicknessS MRSFwhereF design factor,typically 1.25 for water(mm) 0.9MPa 8.0MPaLtdytPpuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriIDesign.10PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
designColebrook - WhiteHydraulic DesignDesign BasisVinidex Polyethylene (PE) pipes offeradvantages to the designer due to thesmooth internal bores which aremaintained over the working lifetime ofthe pipelines. The surface energycharacteristics of PE inhibit the build upof deposits on the internal pipe surfacesthereby retaining the maximum boredimensions and flow capacities.The flow charts presented in this sectionrelate the combinations of pipediameters, flow velocities and head losswith discharge of water in PE pipelines.These charts have been developed forthe flow of water through the pipes.Where fluids other than water are beingconsidered, the charts may not beapplicable due to the flow properties ofthese different fluids. In these cases theadvice of Vinidex engineers should beobtained.There are a number of flow formulae incommon use which have either atheoretical or empirical background.However, only the Hazen-Williams andColebrook-White formulae areconsidered in this section.The development from first principles ofthe Darcy-Weisbach formula results inthe expressionThe variations inherent with diameterchanges are accounted for by theintroduction of the coefficient C2 so thatC2 C1 r0.02f internal diameter (mm)H head loss (metres/100 metreslength of pipe)64R Darcy friction factorH head loss due to friction (m)D pipe internal diameter (m)whereDf andQ 4.03 x 10-5 D2.65 H0.54 discharge (litres/second)fLv2D 2gwhereAdoption of a Hazen-Williams roughnesscoefficient of 155 results in the followingrelationship for discharge in Vinidex PEpipesQH L pipe length (metres)v flow velocity (m/s)g gravitational acceleration(9.81 m/s2)R Reynolds NumberFlow charts for pipe systems using theHazen - Williams formula have been inoperation in Australia for over 30 years.The charts calculate the volumes ofwater transmitted through pipelines ofvarious materials, and have been provenin practical installations.This is valid for the laminar flow region(R 2000), however, as most pipeapplications are likely to operate in thetransition zone between smooth and fullturbulence, the transition functiondeveloped by Colebrook-White isnecessary to establish the relationshipbetween f and R.1f1/ 2 k2.51 2 log10 1/ 2 37D. Rf whereHazen - Williamsk Colebrook-White roughnesscoefficient (m)The original Hazen-Williams formula waspublished in 1920 in the form:The appropriate value for PE pipes is:k 0.007 x 10 -3 mv C1 r0.63 s0.54 0.001-0.04 0.007 mmwhereThis value provides for the range of tdLpipe diameters, and water flowPtyup uvelocities encountered inronormal.aGpipeline installations.se com 7C1 Hazen-Williams roughnesscoefficientr hydraulic radius (ft)s hydraulic gradient1ou e.eh pip 61 4ra ly 6W po 0ion ww. 130tga w PhrriIPE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe SystemsDesign.11
designFlow VariationsHead Loss in FittingsWorked ExampleThe flow charts presented for PE pipesare based on a number of assumptions,and variations to these standardconditions may require evaluation as tothe effect on discharge.Wherever a change to pipe cross section,or a change in the direction of flowoccurs in a pipeline, energy is lost andthis must be accounted for in thehydraulic design.What is the head loss occurring in a250mm equal tee with the flow in themain pipeline at a flow velocity of 2 m/s?Water TemperatureThe charts are based on a watertemperature of 20 C. A watertemperature increase above this value,results in a decrease in viscosity of thewater, with a corresponding increase indischarge ( or reduced head loss )through the pipeline.An allowance of approximately 1%increase in the water discharge must bemade for each 3 C increase intemperature above 20 C. Similarly, adecrease of approximately 1% indischarge occurs for each 3 C stepbelow 20 C water temperature.Under normal circumstances involvinglong pipelines these head losses aresmall in relation to the head losses dueto pipe wall friction.However, geometry and inlet/exitcondition head losses may be significantin short pipe runs or in complexinstallations where a large number offittings are included in the design.The general relationship for head lossesin fittings may be expressed as: V2 H K 2g whereK 0.35 (Table 4.9)V 2 m/sg 9.81 m/sH 0.35 222 9.81If the total system contains 15 teesunder the same conditions, then the totalhead loss in the fittings is 15 x 0.07 1.05 metres.wherePipe DimensionsH head loss (m)The flow charts presented in this sectionare based on mean pipe dimensions ofSeries 1 pipes made to AS/NZS 4130 PEpipes for Pressure applications.V velocity of flow (m/s)Surface RoughnessThe value of the head loss coefficient Kis dependent on the particular geometryof each fitting, and values for specificcases are listed in Table 4.9.The roughness coefficients adopted forVinidex PE pipes result fromexperimental programs performed inEurope and the USA, and follow therecommendations laid down inAustralian Standard AS2200 - DesignCharts for Water Supply and Sewerage. V2 H K 2g K head loss coefficientg gravitational acceleration(9.81 m/s2)The total head loss in the pipelinenetwork is then obtained by addingtogether the calculations performed foreach fitting in the system, the head lossin the pipes, and any other design headlosses.LtdytPpuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriIDesign.12PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems
designFlow ChartWorked ExamplesExample 1 - Gravity MainPE80 Material Option(refer Figure 4.1)PE80 PN6.3 pipe is SDR 21.A flow of water of 32 litres/second isrequired to flow from a storage tanklocated on a hill 50 metres above anoutlet. The tank is located 4.5 km awayfrom the outlet.Use the SDR 21 flow chart, readintersection of discharge line at 32 l/sand head loss line at 1.11m/100m ofpipe. Select the next largest pipe size.Hence the information available is :Q 32 l/sHead available 50 metresLength of pipeline 4500 metresMinimum PN rating of pipe available towithstand the 50 m static head is PN6.3.Head loss per 100 m length of pipe is :50x 100 1.11m / 100m4500Use Table 4.1 to select the SDR rating ofPN6.3 class pipes in both PE80, andPE100 materials.This results in a DN200 mm pipediameter.PE100 Material OptionPE100 PN6.3 pipe is SDR 26.Use the SDR26 flow chart, read theintersection of discharge line at 32 l/sand head loss line at 1.11m/100m ofpipe. Select the next largest pipe size.This results in a DN180 mm pipediameter.Hence for this application, there are twooptions available, either :1. DN 200 PE80 PN6.3 or2. DN 180 PE100 PN6.3Figure 4.1 Gravity Flow ExampleStoragetankMaximum differencein water level50m4,500m ofVinidex PE PipeDischargeLtdytPpuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriIPE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe SystemsDesign.13
desExample 2 - Pumped Mainig3. Fittings head losses(refer Figure 4.2)A line is required to provide 20 litres/second of water from a dam to a highlevel storage tank located 5000 metresaway. The tank has a maximum waterelevation of 100 m and the minimumwater elevation in the dam is 70 m.The maximum flow velocity is required tobe limited to 1.0 metres/second tominimise water hammer effects.The maximum head required at the pump static head pipe friction head fittings form lossnVelocity Head 4. Total pumping head 30 25 1.2 56.2 mv22gallow 57 m.Note: The example does not make anyprovision for surge allowance inpressure class selection.1.02 0.052 x 9.81From Figure 4.2, identify the type andnumber of different fittings used in thepipeline. Select the appropriate formfactor value K for each fitting type fromTable 4.9. Then:FittingFormFactor KFoot valve15.015 x 0.05 0.75Gate valve0.22 x 0.2 x 0.05 0.02Reflux valve2.52.5 x 0.05 0.1252. Pipe friction head90 elbow1.14 x 1.1 x 0.05 0.220Considering the data available, start witha PN6.3 class pipe.45 elbow0.35 2 x 0.35 x 0.05 0.035PE80 OptionTotal fittings head loss1. Static head 100 - 70 30 mSquare outlet 1.0Head Loss m1.0 x 0.05 0.050 1.2From Table 4.1, PE80 PN6.3 pipe isSDR21.Use the SDR 21 flow chart, find theintersection of the discharge line at 20 l/sand the velocity line at 1 m/s. Select thecorresponding or next largest size ofpipe. Where the discharge line intersectsthe selected pipe size, trace across to findthe head loss per 100m length of pipe.Figure 4.2 Pumped Flow ExampleRL 100m0.5x 5000 25m10090 ElbowMaximum differencein water level - 30mSquareOutletGate Pump GateValve 2x90 90 ValveElbowsElbowThis gives a value of 0.5m/100m.Calculate the total friction head loss in thepipe:Storage TankMax Level of Tank45 Elbow5,000mof Vinidex PE PipeRL 70mMin Levelof Dam45 ElbowHinged DiscFoot Valvewith StrainerReflux ValveLtdytPpuro .aue G omsou e.c 17eh pip 61 4raW poly 0 6n.0tio ww 13aw PhgrriThen from the flow chart
Design.4 PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems design Pipe Dimensions Table 4.2 PE Pipe Dimensions AS/NZS 4130 Nominal Size DN SDR 41 SDR 33 SDR 26 SDR 21 SDR 17 SDR 13.6 SDR 11 SDR 9 SDR 7.4 Min. Wall Thickness (mm) Mean I.D. (mm) Min. Wall Thickness (mm) Mean I.D. (mm)
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WebRTC and the new Poly EVO signaling) that provide a feature-rich user experience. Poly Clariti App and Poly Clariti Roster deliver high-quality video, . Click-to-join support for Outlook plugin 10.0.0.9 3.6.7 CentOS 6.10 OpenJDK 1.8.0.265 PostgreSQL 10.14-1 April 2021 Conference participant counts ACLs in log archives
Road crossing with casing pipe Carbon Steel and FRP, carrier pipe pre-insulated Carbon Steel and FRP. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Carrier Pipe: Carbon Steel, FRP Size of Carrier Pipe: DN 1200mm CS pipe - DN 750mm FRP pipe (pre-insulated) Casing Pipe: FRP Size of Casing Pipe: FRP casing pipe I.D. 1520mm, FRP casing pipe size I.D.
1. CUT THE PIPE Cut the pipe using a pipe cutter, making a perpendicular cut and cleaning the pipe end from grease and pipe chips. Fit the plastic ring on the pipe and make sure the pipe is flushed with the upper edge of the ring. 2. PLACE THE RING OVER THE PIPE Insert the pipe into the ring until the pipe reaches the safety stop which exists
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Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Schedule 80 2. ASTM D1785 - Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 . Handbook of Cast Iron Pipe - Cast Iron Pipe Research Association (CIPRA) - . 5. ANSI A21.50/AWWA C150, Thickness Design of Ductile Iron Pipes. 6. ANSI A21.51/AWWA C151, Ductile Iron Pipe Centrifugally .
Poly V Belt Configuration Accommodates Hutchinson ConveyXonic "J" series - 2, 3, or 4 ribs. Belts are available from Ralphs-Pugh. Ralphs-Pugh Poly V design matches directly with the Itoh motorized roller or if an alternate non powered roller motor option is chosen, Ralphs-Pugh can machine Poly V pulleys to your specification.
Business-Level Strategies 23.11.2010 4. What is a Strategic Business Area? Demand Demand potential (size, growth rate, market share) Customers Customer potential customer structure, buying motives and criteria) Competition Structure of the competition, the competitors' objectives and strategies, competitive position Specific resources and competences (the strategic capabilities) Organisation .
