Translation Strategies Of Pure Idioms In Veronica Roth'S Divergent
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF PURE IDIOMSIN VERONICA ROTH’S DIVERGENTJOURNAL ARTICLESubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree of Sarjana Sastra (SS.)By:Dwi Asep MulyonoAchmad BasariENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF HUMANITIESDIAN NUSWANTORO UNIVERSITYSEMARANG2015
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3TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF PURE IDIOMSIN VERONICA ROTH’S DIVERGENTDwi Asep Mulyono, Achmad BasariEnglish Department, Dian Nuswantoro UniversityABSTRACTThis thesis is entitled Translation Strategies of Pure Idioms in Veronica Roth’s Divergent. Theobjective of this study is to know the dominant translation strategy applied by the translatorin translating Pure idioms. This thesis was a qualitative data research. The data werecollected through two steps, the first step was to search the data in the bookstore, and thesecond step was to decide the Divergent novel as the data of this study. In analyzing thedata, the researcher read the bilingual novel and found the classified data to be analyzed.There are 38 pure idioms which were then analyzed and classified according to thetranslation strategies composed by Mona Baker. The result shows that there are 3translation strategies applied by the translator in order to solve the idiom. The 1sttranslation strategy is translation using the idiom with similar meaning but dissimilar form,it is applied 8 times (21,05%). The 2nd translation strategy is translation by Paraphrasewhich is applied 29 times (76,32%). The 3rd translation strategy is translation by omission.This translation strategy was applied only on 1 case (2,63%) idiom translation. In conclusion,it can be said that the dominant translation strategy applied by the translator is thetranslation by paraphrase.Keywords: Translation Strategies, Idioms, Pure idioms, Divergent Novel.Skripsi ini berjudul Translation Strategies of Pure Idioms in Veronica Roth’s Divergent. Skripsiini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu strategi penerjemahaan yang paling sering diterapkan olehpenerjemah dalam menerjemahkan Pure idiom. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode deskriptifkualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti melakukan dua tahapan, tahap yangpertama ialah mencari data yang akan digunakan di toko buku, tahap ke dua penelitimemutuskan untuk memilih novel dua bahasa yang berjudul Divergent untuk diteliti. Dalammenganalisa data, peneliti membaca serta menemukan Pure idioms dalam novel duabahasa Divergent. Terdapat 38 Pure idioms yang kemudian dianalisis serta diklasifikasikanmenurut strategi penerjemahaan yang dibuat oleh Mona Baker. Hasil analisis menunjukanbahwa terdapat 3 strategi penerjemahaan yang diterapkan oleh penerjemah dalammengalihbahasakan Pure idioms. Strategi penerjemahaan yang pertama adalah strategipenerjemahan menggunakan idiom dengan makna yang mirip namun berbeda dalambentuk susunan kata yang diterapkan sebanyak 8 kali (21,05%). Strategi penerjemahaanyang kedua ialah penerjemahaan menggunakan parafrase, strategi ini diterapkan sebanyak29 kali (76,32%). Strategi penerjemahaan ketiga ialah penerjemahaan dengan penghapusanyang diterapkan 1 kali (2,63%). Dari hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategipenerjemahaan yang paling sering diterapkan oleh penerjemah adalah strategipenerjemahaan menggunakan parafrase.Kata kunci: Strategi Penerjemahan, Idioms, Pure idioms, Divergent Novel.
4INTRODUCTIONThe spread of mass media product is rapidly massive through all around the world.Since English is an International language, many of mass media in the form of printed,broadcast, and web based mass media are presented in English language. Therefore theaudience of those mass media should master or at least have a good comprehension ofEnglish language. However, there are many people who do not master English languagewell.To make a bridge for the gap, the translator job is playing an important role in theinformation exchange. According Cartford (1965:20), Translation is about replacement oftextual material in SL by equivalent of the textual material in the TL. Besides, Nida and Taber(1982:12) say that translating consists in the reproducing in the receptor language theclosest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly in terms of meaning andsecondly in terms of style. Both definitions above imply that the translator job is to transferthe information into the TL as closely as possible from its SL intended information, and thenfollowed with how the style of writing in the SL is well transferred to TL.In the process of translation there are units that cause a problem of transferring toits full meaning in the TL. One of the units is idioms; this unit has been an interesting issue intranslation. According to Hornby (1995;589) , an idiom is a phrase or sentence whosemeaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and which must be learnt as awhole unit, for instance, the idiom spill the beans means to reveal secret information,especially without intending to do so. His statement is also supported by J.C Carter.According to Carter (1993; 65) idioms are a special combinations with restricted forms andmeanings that cannot be deduced from the literal meanings of the words which make themup. Accordingly, an idiom is learned and used as a single unit. It should not be analyzed intoits constituents; it is unchangeable and always carries figurative meaning. Both definitionsabove indicate that an idiom cannot be translated literally. Therefore, a special treatmentshould be applied in the process of translating Idioms.Idioms or idiomatic expressions are often used in both formal or casual situationand written or verbal communication. Idioms are colorful and fascinating unit of a languageuse; it shows the style in how a message is delivered. In matter of style, there are variousways and options to deliver a message. There is also various form of idioms, the Linguisticexpert has classified them into idioms classification. Fernando (1996:35-36) on her bookIdioms and Idiomaticity states that Idioms can be classified into three classifications. Thereare Pure Idioms, Semi Idioms, and Literal Idioms. This study aims to observe the firstclassification of idioms, the pure idioms.According to Fernando (1996:35) Pure Idioms are described as a type ofconventionalized, non literal multiword expression. Unlike Pure idioms, Semi idioms haveone unit constituent from the phrase composition which has literal meaning. As for Literalidioms, it is an idiom that consists of more than one unit which has literal meaning in itsphrase composition. The non literal meaning of Pure idioms cause a problem to thetranslation process. The translator requires a good linguistic knowledge on both SL and TL inorder to transfer its whole idea.The failure of translating pure idioms to the TL might cause misleading informationto the reader. To overcome the failure, an appropriate translation strategy must beconsidered to translate the idioms. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the translation
5strategy used by the translator to solve the problem of translating pure idioms in to TL.Mona Baker’s translation strategy on translating idioms is considered as the suitable theoryto analyze how the translator translated pure idioms on this study. According to Baker(1992:72), idioms can be translated using of an idiom of similar meaning and form, using anidiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, translation by paraphrasing, and translation byomission.This research observed the first book of the Divergent trilogy. This book has beensold over 6, 7 million copies in 2013. It also praised for being New York Time Bestseller, Indiebound Indie Next List, ABC New Voices Pick, Amazon.com Best YA Books of the Year,Chapters/Indigo Top teen Summer Read, Publisher Weekly Best Book, School Library JournalBest Book, Goodreads choice Awards Favorite Book of The Year, and Goodreads ChoiceAwards Best YA Fantasy & Science fiction Book of The Year. In addition, Divergent was alsoadapted into a movie by Lionsgate and Summit Entertainment with the same title Divergentin the year of 2014. By the production of the Film, the Divergent novel becomes morepopular. It can be said that Divergent is well-known and its novel has been read by manypeople.This novel is worth taking as the data for this study because of its bestseller andcontroversial issue in Christianity. The idea of Post apocalyptic life written by Veronica Rothhas a different point of view to Christianity, though Veronica herself is a Christian. The bigpicture of Christian’s point of view about the post apocalyptic life is far from the story whichshe wrote. However, some of Christian communities accept the concept of post apocalypticlife presented in the novel as a fiction story point of view.In the novel of Divergent, there are many of idioms found at word to phrase level.From the data finding, this study scope to analyze pure idioms. This study uses ChitraFernando’s idiom classification, because it is considered to cover all the various forms ofidioms stated by the other Linguistic expert and present them in a simple way ofclassification.The reason of limiting the data to Pure idioms is because many of idioms presentedin the novel, but the Pure idioms is considered to be more complex unit to translate. It isshown in the following example: the idiom “Plus Edward and Myra are dating, and I wouldrather not be the third wheel." is translated into “Ditambah lagi Edward dan Myra itupacaran dan aku lebih baik tidak menjadi orang ke tiga." This example shows that thetranslator used Mona Baker’s translation strategies by translating pure idioms in the SLusing an idiom with similar meaning but dissimilar form in the TL. The translator transferredthe message of the idiom by reproducing the word the third wheel into orang ketiga whichis an idiom with similar meaning but consist of different lexemic items in the TL .The idiommeaning of the third wheel has nothing to do with wheels, it is referred to the person who isbeing involved in between of someone’s relationship. If it is translated literally into rodaketiga in Bahasa Indonesia, the meaning would be misleading to the reader.
6RESEARCH METHODResearch DesignAccording to Creswell (1998;14), he states that qualitative research is an inquiryprocess of understanding based on distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explorea social or human problem. The research builds complex, holistic pictures, analyzes words,reports detailed views of informants, and conducted the study in natural setting. This Studyis analyzing words which are in the type of idioms, and developing it in depth analysis of acase on what are the translation strategies applied by the translator. Therefore this study issimply using the descriptive qualitative method.Unit of AnalysisThe unit of analysis of this study is the pure idioms found in the novel, they are inthe form of word to phrase level.Source of the DataThe data were taken from Veronica Roth’s novel entitled Divergent. The Englishnovel was published by Katherine Tegen Books an Imprint of Harper Collins Publisher NewYork, and for the Bahasa Indonesia novel which has the same title was published by MizanPustaka, Bandung. The Bahasa Indonesia novel was translated by Anggun Prameswari.Mizan Publisher also includes Budi Habsari as the editor of the translated novel, and EmiKusmiati as the proofreader of the translated novel.The English novel is presented in 607 pages, consisting of 487 pages of the mainstory and of 120 pages as bonus of the novel. The translated novel is presented in 543pages. Both English and Bahasa Indonesia novel are in the cover of movie tie-in, the ISBN ofthe English novel is 978-979-43-809-4 and the ISBN of the Bahasa Indonesia novel is 978-006-228985-8.Technique of Data CollectionThe data of this study were collected by doing the following steps:1. SearchingThe researcher went to a bookstore to find the preferable data for his study.2. Choosing the dataThe researcher decided to buy the bilingual Novel entitled Divergent which iswritten by Veronica Roth.Technique of Data AnalysisAfter the data were collected, they were analyzed. It was analyzed through thefollowing steps:1. Reading the bilingual Novel.2. Identifying the idiom in the Novel and put them into a table.3. Analyzing the translation strategies applied to the translated pure idioms based onMona Baker’s translation strategy.4. Categorizing them into translation strategies table.
75. Calculating the data in order to get the number and the percentage of eachtranslation strategy applied by the translator.6. Presenting and discussing the data finding of translation strategy to give more detailinformation about the finding.7. Drawing conclusion and writing report after the data were analyzed.FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONFindingsAccording to Mona Baker, there are 4 translation strategies which can be applied inorder to translate pure idioms. Those are Translation Strategy Using the Idioms with Similarmeaning and Similar Form (TSMF), Translation Strategy Using the Idioms with SimilarMeaning but Dissimilar Form (TSMDF), Translation by Paraphrase (TBP), and Translation byOmission (TBO). The following Table 4.1 presents the amount and percentage of eachtranslation strategy applied by the translator in translating idiom.No1234Table.4.1 The Translation Strategies Applied on Pure IdiomsTranslation StrategiesAmountTranslation by Using Idiom with Similar Meaning and Form0Translation by Using Idiom with Similar Meaning but8Dissimilar FormTranslation by Paraphrase29Translation by he table above shows the amount and percentage of 4 translation strategiesapplied by the translator in order to translate the pure idioms. Those are TSMF which wasapplied 0 times (0%), TSMDF which was applied 8 times (21,05%), TBP which was applied 29times (76,32%), and TBO which was applied 1 time (2,63%). It can be seen that the dominanttranslation strategy applied by the translator is the TBP which take 76,32% or applied 29times.DiscussionAccording to the findings, the discussion about the applied translation strategies onpure idioms can be given as follows:From the 38 pure idioms found in the novel, there were 3 translation strategiesapplied by the translator to translate the pure idioms into TL. Those translation strategiesare, TSMDF, TBP, and TBO.Translation Using Idioms with Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form ( TSMDF)Based on the data finding, the translator applied the TSMDF to translate 8 cases ofpure idioms translation in the novel of Divergent by Veronica Roth. This translation strategyinvolves the use of idiom in the TL which conveys the similar meaning but has a different in
8lexemic items equivalence. Those pure idiom cases are going to be delivered to thisfollowing excerpts and discussions.Excerpt 1SL: Plus Edward and Myra are dating, and I would rather not be the thirdwheel." (Ch8/P81/ L17)TL: Ditambah lagi Edward dan Myra itu pacaran dan aku lebih baik tidakmenjadi orang ke tiga." (Ch8/ P99/ L8)The idiom presented in excerpt 1 is found in the chapter 8 of the novel Divergent byVeronica Roth. The idiom found at the following situation in the story. Will is asking for aplace to Tris, Christina, and Al because his acquaintance from the previous faction Edward isdating with Myra. He prefers not to bother them and keep a distance to give Edward andMyra space. Will said that he would rather not be the third wheel between Edward andMyra.The idiom third wheel has meaning someone who is in a situation where they are notneeded or are ignored by most people (Cambridge Dictionary Online). The translatortranslates the idiom into orang ke tiga in the TL, which has meaning a person who is inbetween of someone’s relationship. Based on the context of the story, the intendedmeaning of the idiom is Will do not wanting to disturb Peter and Myra by sticking aroundwith them. Both on the TL and SL has the similar meaning but consists of different lexemicitems. Therefore, it can be said that the translator applied the TSMDF in order to solve thiscase.Translation by Paraphrase (TBP)Based on the data finding, the translator applied the TBP solve 29 cases of pureidioms translation in the novel of Divergent by Veronica Roth. This translation strategy takesa huge percentage of the 3 translation strategies applied in this novel. This is the mostcommon translation strategy applied by the translator to solve the idiom translation. Themain reason of using this translation strategy is that the message of the idiom is welldelivered and the reader will not be misleading by the given information. Those pure idiomcases are going to be delivered to this following excerpts and discussions.Excerpt 9SL: "Have it your way" she says. (Ch2/ P14/ L5)TL: "Terserah Kau" ujarnya. (Ch2/ P23/ L17)The idiom presented in excerpt 9 is found in the chapter 2 of the novel Divergent byVeronica Roth. The idiom found at the following situation in the story. The Aptitude test wasset to default which means every child are in the same simulation. In the simulation therewas a girl’s voice which leads from one situation to another. The first test was aboutchoosing between a hunk of cheese and a knife, but Tris didn’t pick any of them. Then thegirl’s voice said have it your way. Then the simulation changed there was a vicious dog runtoward her.
9The idiom have it your way means to indicate angrily that although one disagrees withsomething said or proposed, one is not going to argue further (Oxford Dictionary Online).The translator translates the idiom into terserah kau in the TL which usually used for lettingsomeone do their own intention instead of doing what they supposed to do. Based on thecontext of the story, instead of doing what is ordered by the girl’s voice in the simulationTris keep asking the reason to why she should do it. The girl’s voice then continue to thenext simulation scene and said the idiom. Both SL and TL idiom has the same intendedmeaning but the idiom is not translated to an idiom in the TL. The idiom was paraphrased toconvey the intended meaning of the SL idiom. Therefore, it can be said that the translatorapplied the TBP in order to solve this case.Translation by Omission (TBO)Based on the data finding in this study, there is only 1 case solved using TBO. ThisTBO strategy involves the omission of SL untranslatable unit (in this case idiom), becausethere is no preferable equivalence which represent the same intended meaning to TL. Theother reason why the translator decides to omit the idiom is the existence of difficulties inorder to paraphrase the idiom into the TL. However, some translator decides to omit theunit because they try to maintain their writing style in translation. This translation strategyis the last strategy might be applied by the translator if they can’t use the other translationstrategy; it is possible to be applied if the intended meaning is well transferred in the TL.Excerpt 38SL: As if Peter didn’t have enough ammunition already. (Ch11/ P121/ L13)TL:(Ch11/ P142)The idiom presented in excerpt 38 is found in the chapter 11 of the novel Divergentby Veronica Roth. The idiom found at the following situation in the story. The Dauntlessinitiation members were scheduled to go on a field trip to Amity. Tris supposedly lying inbed because of her wounds to Peter’s punches. She forces herself to go on the train withthe other initiate member. There she saw Al who helped her to get on the train. Tris sawPeter as if he didn’t have enough ammunition already. Then Peter insults her by asking ifshe’s fine with the wounds caused by him.Based on the context of the story, the idiom as if he didn’t have enough ammunition alreadyrefers to the expression that someone wear as if they has no longer willing to threat orcause to harm toward somebody, but in contrast they do. In the previous situation Tris everstate that how could she hate Peter who looks like a naturally kind person. The translatordidn’t translate the SL idiom into the TL. The idiom of the SL is omitted because the contextof the translated story already represents the idiom without including it into the story.Therefore, it can be said that the translator applied the TBO in order to solve this translationcase
10ConclusionThe objective of this analysis is to know which is the dominant translation strategyapplied by the translator.Based on the objective, some conclusions can be given bellow.Based on the data finding, there are 3 translation strategies composed by MonaBaker which are applied by the translator to translate the pure idioms in the novel. Thosetranslation strategies are TSMDF, TBP, and TBO. The TSMDF was applied by the translator totranslate 8 (21,05%) cases of pure idioms. The TBP applied by the translator to translate 29(76,32%) cases of pure idioms. The TBO applied by the translator to translate 1(2,63%) caseof pure idioms.From the amount and the percentage of the translation strategy applied by thetranslator to translate the pure idioms, it can be concluded that TBP is the dominanttranslation strategy applied by the translator.REFFERENCESPrinted MediaBaker, M. (2006). In Other Word A Coursebook of Translation. New York: Routledge.Ball, W. J. (1968). A Practical Guide to Colloquial. London: Longmas, Green and Co.Brislin, R. W. (1976). Translation: Application and Research. New York: Garden Press Inc.Cartford, J. C. (1978). A Lingtuistic Theory of Translation. New York: Oxford University Press.Fernando, C.(1996). Idiom and Idiomaticity (Describing English Language Series). New York:Oxford University Press.Hornby, A. S. (1995). Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.Larson, M. (1984). Meaning-Based Translation. USA: University Press of America.Newmark, P. (1981). Approaches to translation. Oxford: Pergamon Press. (1988). Textbook of Translation. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Nida, A. E. (1964). Towards a Science of Translating. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Nida & Taber (1974). The Theory and Practice at. Netherlands: The United Bible Society.Pradana, D. S. (2013). A Translation Analysis Of Idiomatic Expression Used In Rainer MariaRilke Poems . Undergraduate Thesis Semarang: IKIP PGRI.Prameswari, A. (2012). Divergent. Bandung: Mizan Media Utama.Rianantang, C. D. (2010). Classification of Translation Strategies of Pure Idiom in theTranslation of Pramoedya’s Rumah Kaca into House of Glass by Max Lane.Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanatha Dharma.Roth, V. (2012). Divergent. New York: HarperCollins Publisher.Electronics and Web Based MediaAlkabry,M. (n.d.).Linguistic and cultural issues in literary tm [Retrieved November 27, 2014]Cambridge Dictionaries Online. (n.d.). http://dictionary.cambridge.org [Retrieved January2015]
11Collins Dictionaries Online. (n.d.). http://www.collinsdictionary.com/ [Retrieved January2015]Cuellar, S. B. (n.d.). Equivalence Revisited: A Key Concept in Modern Translation df [Retrieved November 27,2014]Free Idiom Dictionary Online. (n.d.). http://idiom.thefreedictionary.com/ [Retrieved January2015]Grace, C. V. (n.d.). Contrastive idiomatology.equivalence and translatability of English andSpanish Idiom: Garces.pdf[Retrieved November 28, 2014]Halverson., S. (n.d.). The Concept of Equivalence in Translation Studies: Much A do %20Translation%20Studies.pdf [Retrieved November 27, noblepath.info/idiom and expressions/idiom and expressions.pdf [Retrieved November 26, 2014]Idiom Dictionary Online. (n.d.). http://www.idiomdictionary.net/ [Retrieved January 2015]Khak, A.(2006). Idiom dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur dan Makna 1.http://www.balaibahasa.org/file5IDIOM DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA.pdf[Retrieved December 2, tp://translationjournal.net/journal/14equiv.htm [Retrieved November 25,2014]Mac Millan Doctionary Online. (n.d.). http://www.macmillandictionary.com/ [RetrievedJanuary 2015]Nababan. (n.d.).Equivalence In Translation: Some Problem-Solving Strategies:http://www.proz.com/doc/2071 [Retrieved November 27, 2014]Oxford Dictionaries Online. (n.d.). http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ [Retrieved January2015]Pharse Dictionary Online. (n.d.). http://www.phrases.net/ [Retrieved January 2015]Rebollar., B. E. (n.d.). Letting the Cat out of the Bag: On Idiom Use and st 08/Eizaga 08.pdf [Retrieved November27, 2014]
idioms stated by the other Linguistic expert and present them in a simple way of classification. The reason of limiting the data to Pure idioms is because many of idioms presented in the novel, but the Pure idioms is considered to be more complex unit to translate. It is shown in the following example: the idiom "Plus Edward and Myra are .
2. Illustrating Idioms Two 3. Illustrating Idioms Three 4. Illustrating Idioms Four 5. Illustrating Idioms Five 6. Illustrating Idioms Six 7. Illustrating Idioms Seven 8. Illustrating Idioms Eight 9. Illustrating Idioms Nine 10. Illustrating Idioms Ten These pages are great for big kids to practice using and understanding idioms during reading .
1 Few idioms stay in frequent usage for a long time. 2 Your English may sound unnatural if you use certain idioms. 3 Idioms can be used for dramatic effect. 4 Idioms are frequently used to comment on people and situations. 5 Headline writers always use idioms in their correct form. 6 Idioms
3.2 Idioms with Different Literal or Figurative Meanings When literal meanings or figurative meanings of English and Chinese idioms are a bit different, but their implicated meanings are the same, a translator can also borrow idioms from Chinese in translating English idioms. Such idioms as Among the blind the one" -eyed man is kingis "
Idioms are one kind of carrier of culture, which record human civilization and social progress. The translator has to find out the cultural elements which the idioms contain and the deep understanding and analyses of both cultures that idioms represent. Chinese idioms are phrases with ample cultural and language connotative.
learners of English: Cambridge Idioms Dictionary. and . Oxford Idioms Dictionary . in focus _ by Anna Stachurska studies English idioms and focuses on the question of how usage of English idioms is marked within two most representative idioms dictionaries, namely . Oxford Idioms Dictionary
(2) bodily only idioms; (3) random non-bodily idioms. Our results pointed to a clear difference between the understanding of the three groups of idioms: those with the visuo-spatial component were understood best, followed by idioms referring to the body only and random idioms respectively, with strong statistical significances for the differences.
classify the idiom. To determine which idioms were translated accurate, less-accurate, or inaccurate, this research used IDIOMS Dictionary to gained the meaning of idiom. According to the data analysis, there were found 51 idioms in the movie and there are 3 strategies were applied by the translator. 4 idioms were translated
using Scrum for agile software project management in a university environment. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part an overview of the Scrum method is given. In the second part .
