Lidar Solutions For Offshore Wind Energy - Vaisala
Leveraging lidar foroffshore wind energy
Around the world, offshore wind energy isgaining speed. Growing interest and the projectpipeline in Europe, China, and other parts of theworld are expected to contribute around 20% ofnew installations by 2025 — impressive growthcompared to 2020 estimates. As the world’s largestregional offshore wind market, Europe is expectedto maintain steady growth. China is expected tocontinue dominating the Asian market challengedby such countries as Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea.The United States is entering the offshore windmarket with developers planning to implement aboutnine gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind by 2026.Offshore wind farms promise excellent wind availabilityand energy capture, do not disrupt communities, and areimmune to many common performance degradations thatcome with complex terrain and onshore wind farm crowding.They also bring a new set of challenges for windmeasurement that require new practices and technology,including: Accurately assessing wind characteristics for very largeturbines and areas Obtaining precise wind data on the water, at long rangesfrom the shoreline Operating in harsh, salted environments far frommaintenance resourcesThese challenges are compounded by the fact that metmasts are often either impossible or prohibitively expensiveto deploy and maintain offshore. Even if a met mast isfeasible, it cannot easily measure up to the full height oftoday’s turbines.All of these factors have made new, reliable ways ofassessing the wind even more critical for offshore projects.Fortunately, remote sensing solutions are already proven,trusted, and ready. Vaisala 2021
ContentsOffshore applications: Solution matrix4Offshore use cases and examples5WRA: DNV GLFloating lidar system validation with Akrocean55WRA: Engie6Construction and commissioning: Siemens Gamesa7Wind operations: SSE Renewables7Research and development: Centrale Nantes8Download the webinarThe technologies910 Vaisala 2021
Offshore applications: Solution matrixLidar systems are comprehensive, compatible, and simple to deploy and repurpose throughout the life cycle of an offshore project. Because they are so easilyintegrated, they can grow with you as your needs change.Lidar typeWind resource assessment /pre-constructionGreenfieldOffshore –buoy mounted vessels/ships/floating dronesOffshore –used fixed PlatformavailableNearshoresituationor platformclose toisland orlighthouseFarmextensionImpact ofexistingfarms NacellemountedLong-rangescanning Construction /commissioningCraningShipoperationsoptimization PPT ContractualPower Curve Post-construction tion PPT duringoperations Post-construction /researchBlockingEffectUnderstandwind farmlayoutimpactingwind ahead Wake lossesstudiesUnderstandproductionintra-farmlosses Wind farm wakeeffectImpact of existingwind farm onneighbors andextension Turbine controlCost reduction,AEP increase Wind farmcontrolGlobalincreaseof farmproduction Short-termforecastingMonitorupcoming windminutes inadvance Vaisala 2021
Offshore use cases and examplesLidar is meeting many previously unmet needs foroffshore developers and operators, and can alsoprovide critical data for studying and implementingwind farm extensions. Here are some of examples ofthe most common and beneficial use cases for whichlidar is especially well-suited.DNV GL: Analysis of lidar for WRAWind resource assessment (WRA) is the make-orbreak point for any wind farm project. Lidar supportsthe challenges of WRA to prove wind availability andcharacteristics, essential to ensure project viabilityand return on investment. Lidars can facilitateoffshore WRA in several ways including floatinglidar systems, offshore vertical profiling lidar, andscanning lidar.As the world’s leading classification society, DNVGL is a recognized advisor for the maritime andother industries. The organization provides highlyacclaimed testing, certification, and advisory servicesto the energy value chain.DNV GL presented a detailed analysis in2020 to compare today’s most commonly used windmeasurement technologies: met masts, fixed lidar,floating lidar systems (FLS), scanning lidar, and othermethods such as met buoys.The organization focused their analysis on floatinglidar technology by reviewing: The Carbon Trust Offshore Wind AcceleratorFloating Lidar Roadmap Sources of uncertainty and variabilityin determining bankable energyproduction assessments Wind measurement uncertainty using an FLSuncertainty calculation framework (IEA RP18:Floating Lidar Systems, 2017) Current industry guidance from OWA, IEA, and IECAmong their findings: Lidar was shown to provide better data andmodelling with reduced uncertainty and risk Costs on average 80% less than met masts todevelop and deploy Achieves the best practice performance criteriaset out by the Carbon Trust OWA RoadmapAKROCEAN: FLS validationDNV GL completed an independent validationassessment of the WINDSEA floating lidar offshorewind measurement device on behalf of AKROCEAN,an organization providing services for offshoremonitoring and site assessment*.From April to October of 2018, DNV GL completedthe validation process off the coast of France. Duringthis time, the FLS was subject to a wide range ofweather conditions and achieved an overall postprocessed data availability above 95% at the 51m,91m, and 111m configured heights. The device alsorecorded wind speed and direction data with anaccuracy in line with CT OWA Roadmap best practiceacceptance criteria.*DNV GL, “Validation of the WINDSEA 02 Floating LiDAR at the Fécamp offshore platform”, Ref. L2C149488-FRPR-R-01, Rev. C, 05 April 2019 Vaisala 2021
The results at these heights showed the verificationuncertainty levels of the unit ranged from 1.5% to3.1% for wind speed bins from 4m/s to 16m/s. Theseare important indicators for wind farm developers to:Engie: Validate wind modeling withscanning lidar Obtain an accurate estimation of the windresource at a potential offshore wind farm site Reduce project uncertainty Achieve better financial conditions forproject realizationThe campaign included two comparisons: scanninglidar vs. mesoscale modeling and scanning lidarvs. vertical profiler. The experiment setup includeda scanning lidar on the coast to measure accuratewind speed and direction at multiple distancesand heights above mean sea level, and a verticalprofiler on the coast to correlate the measurementsfrom offshore to onshore conditions, to assess theland-sea interaction effects. Profiles of wind speedmeasurements at 5km and 9km from the scanninglidar were assimilated to the offshore wind model toreduce the bias and improve the overall assessmentof the Annual Energy Production (AEP) of the futurewind farm.It also contributes to reduce the levelized cost ofenergy — important for helping to move the offshorewind industry forward.First project of Akrocean inFrance after validation byDNV GL:250 250MW floating project12NM from the coast80 100m of depthWind and Metocean studies andpublic consultation launched byFrench Energy Ministry in 2020 Tender 2021 (first 250 MW)The accuracy of wind models in offshore conditionsare generally higher due to lack of appropriateparameterization schemes for resolving the landsea interaction effects. To assess the accuracy ofthe offshore models, Engie conducted a six-weekcampaign at one of their offshore wind farms off thecoast of southern France.Scanning lidar vs. mesoscale modeling findings:Engie is a manufacturer and integrator of renewableenergy solutions for wind, solar, and marineapplications. Based in France, the organization isdedicated to advancing and digitalizing renewableenergy and zero-carbon transition worldwide. Discrepancies among sectors were significant:relative error observed for southeast winds isthree times as much as northwest winds. Wind direction measured by the scanning lidar arein line with mesoscale data at 5km 100m height. The comparison between the scanning lidar andmesoscale data showed that it was possible toapply a correction factor to the mesoscale datausing the scanning lidar as a reference. Vaisala 2021
Scanning lidar vs. vertical profiler findings: Both lidars were deployed on the deck of a cargoboat standing by the sea. The scanning lidar wasinitially configured in a DBS configuration for threedays to verify and compare the wind verticalprofile from 40m to 200m high. The scanning lidar was first compared to a V1 vertical profiler lidar system. The correlationbetween both systems was almost perfect (R² 98,9%; slope 1,0027).Siemens Gamesa: Constructionand commissioningLidar has many benefits over met masts, givingSiemens Gamesa several advantages as a toptier manufacturer:Overall lidar benefits Quick deployment with shorter campaigns Lower measurement campaign andequipment costs Location flexibilityKey benefits of WindCube Nacelle longrange lidar compared to met mast Wider measurement sector without loss ofcorrelation, allowing for increased number ofpoints on the same period which can lead tofaster power curve completion Constant alignment with the wind allowing forreduced statistical uncertainty of the power curve Yaw error detectionLidars are commonly used for different wind farmdevelopment and operation applications such ascraning and mounting operations, contractual powercurve verification, and IEC-compliant PPT. One lidarunit can be used to conductPPT for multiple turbines.WindCube Nacelle long range power curveAs one of the world's biggestwind turbine manufacturers,Siemens Gamesa RenewableEnergy provides offshore andonshore wind services and iswell-known as a renewableenergy industry leader. Forseveral years, the company hasbeen using nacelle-mountedlidar in place of met masts toconduct PPT.SSE Renewables: Nacelle-mounted lidarfor operational PPTLidar can replace a met mast on permanentwind farms to monitor performance and losseswhen a turbine is stopped or the farm is offthe grid. Nacelle-mounted lidar is ideal forcrucial operational PPT campaigns where it canquickly, easily, and affordably troubleshoot andidentify underperformance.Met mast power curvePower curve statistical uncertaintySSE Renewables is a leading developer and operatorof renewable energy across the UK and Ireland, witha portfolio that includes the largest offshore winddevelopment pipeline in the region. The organizationworks hard to keep the turbines running intop condition.When they wanted to carry out some blade erosionrepairs at one of the sites, SSE decided to run aPPT campaign to help determine the impact of the Vaisala 2021
blade repairs on turbine performance. The challengewas deciding which technology to use. SSE selectednacelle-mounted lidar to conduct their PPT campaignbecause of its ability to collect data over multipleheights and distances in front of the turbine,straightforward installation and configuration, andfar lower implementation costs.Central Nantes: Scanning lidar for R&DWith its real-time data, wind lidar is frequently beingused to decrease uncertainties compared to statisticalmodels. Promising research and developmentpurposes now include wake loss and blockage effectstudies, short-term forecasting, and wind farm control.Nacelle-mounted lidar allows SSE to measuremultiple parameters, measure different ranges atthe same time, relocate the device to other locationsas needed, and conduct their own research projects.SSE plans to continue using the nacelle-mountedlidars on other wind farms and are already addingone to another site. The combination of lidars willensure efficient and reliable PPT and researchprojects long into the future.“SSE recognizes the importance ofunderstanding the performance of a windfarm throughout its lifetime; PPTs are akey component of this and lidars are theenabling technology.”Andrew DavidsonWind Analyst at SSECentrale Nantes is a French engineering school. Theirinnovative Research Laboratory in Hydrodynamics,Energetics and Atmospheric Environment (LHEEA)has 1km² of designated maritime zone dedicatedto measuring metocean conditions and hostingmarine renewable energy prototypes, among whichis Floatgen — the first floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT) in France.scanning lidar on the floating platform of a windturbine, where it will analyze the wind resourceand the wind turbine wake.LHEEA deployed a long-range scanning lidarbased on its high performance, reliability, andremote access. The 360 spatial capabilitiesof the lidar make it a leading instrument forwind analysis. Its versatility offers operationalpossibilities across research themes in the LHEEAlaboratory, such as developing Marine RenewableEnergies and increasing knowledge of theatmospheric environment.Scanning lidar is supporting several researchinitiatives in the LHEEA laboratory, where itsavailability is quickly advancing the laboratory asa major national player. It is an important lever inestablishing collaborative research programs and hasalready led to the submission and launch of severalnational and international research collaborations.LHEEA sought lidar equipment to support twoimportant projects focused on optimizingfloating wind turbine operation and FOWT wakeunsteadiness. Their greatest challenge: put a Vaisala 2021
The technologiesWindCube : Made for offshoreLeosphere, a Vaisala company's, WindCube lidar solutions are the most comprehensive set of offshore-ready measurement technologies in the world. There is aWindCube solution to support nearly every part of an offshore project, from WRA, pre-construction, and contractual power curve testing to permanent wind monitoring,research and development, and turbine testing and control.WindCube OffshoreWindCube ScanRugged and "marinized"offshore version The reference lidar for allphases of wind energydevelopment and operations Can be placed on a fixedplatform or integrated intoa FLS Consistent, reliable andaccurate data — whereveryou need itIndustry-leading scanninglidar for 3D wind analysis atlong range Reliably and affordablyprovides 3D wind mappingand wake studies,indispensable to modernwind farms Fully configurable forseveral uses including 360 monitoring, atmosphericcross-sectioning, andwind profiling Ideal for offshoremeasurement campaignsconducted from the shoreWindCube NacelleNacelle-mounted lidar for PPTand optimization Widely accepted for contractualand operational PPT, provento dramatically reduceoperational costs whileincreasing efficiency Up to 10x faster andprovides 10x more data thancompeting technologies Unrivaled range from 50m to700m for a complete windprofile covering the rotorsweep of even the largestoffshore turbinesWindCube Insights —AnalyticsWindCube Insights —FleetModern, cloud-based fleetmanagement software forWindCube lidar Provides accurate andtransparent systemperformance dataand reporting Allows users to monitor,assess, and manage theirWindCube vertical profilinglidar fleets Appropriate for all campaigntypes and fleet sizesRevolutionary software forWindCube Nacelle Provides powerful, IECcompliant PPT and dataanalysis and reporting Enables developers,operators, and manufacturersto easily conduct PPT and getmore value from lidar andturbine technologies Allows even smaller oremerging wind energycompanies to conductaffordable PPT at variouspoints in the offshorelife cycle Vaisala 2021
Why Leosphere, a Vaisala company?We are modern innovators, scientists, and discoverers who enable our customers to harness the power of wind energy in newways. We are driven by passion, relentless curiosity, and the desire to create a better world, as evidenced in our commitmentto four guiding principles:Trustworthy, superior metrologyOur solutions are backed by the best science and metrology, and validated by the mostdemanding testing and certifications in the industry. Our contributions make wind energy smarter.Unrivaled thought leadershipOur years of experience, impressive global client roster, and plethora of industry breakthroughsdemonstrate that we are the iconic gold standard in wind energy.Innovative lidars from a one-stop shopCustomers know we have the right suite of solutions for their needs in wind energy — takingthem ever higher by adding value at each step of the project lifecycle.Easy, reliable global solutionWe make our clients’ lives easier. Our easy to use, turnkey WindCube product suite enablescustomers to harness the power of wind energy efficiently and affordably.As a result, Leosphere, a Vaisala company, is the iconic and trusted gold standard in wind lidar. Our turnkey WindCube product suiteoffers innovative, reliable, and highly accurate solutions for thousands of customers across the globe. All of this has enabled us tobe catalysts for change and ambassadors for wind energy, always advancing the field and those we serve.View the webinar "Leading with lidar; Solutions and strategies for offshore wind projects" to learn more.windcubelidar.comRef. DID64575EN-B Vaisala 2021This material is subject to copyright protection, with all copyrights retained by Vaisala and its individualpartners. All rights reserved. Any logos and/or product names are trademarks of Vaisala or itsindividual partners. The reproduction, transfer, distribution or storage of information contained in thisebook in any form without the prior written consent of Vaisala is strictly prohibited. All specifications— technical included — are subject to change without notice.
marine renewable energy prototypes, among which is Floatgen — the first floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) in France. LHEEA sought lidar equipment to support two important projects focused on optimizing floating wind turbine operation and FOWT wake unsteadiness. Their greatest challenge: put a scanning lidar on the floating platform of a wind
Offshore wind farms are also not subject to the same planning constraints as onshore farms and, if sited sufficiently far offshore, have a lower visual impact " " Offshore Wind in the UK Wind energy resources are abundant and exploitable1, and supplied 9.4% of the UK's electricity needs in 20142. Offshore wind is
Offshore wind farms — the verge of energy revolution 6 Electricity from offshore wind farms enjoys public confidence 8 Domestic electricity production in 2018 10 Wind farms — another milestone of the Polish maritime sector 13 Offshore wind — development and construction 14 Offshore wind — electricity production 16
Offshore wind farm status GW 10.4 7.7 2.6 2.3 1.7 0.3 25.0 % 42% 31% 10% 9% 7% 1% 100% UK Germany Netherlands Belgium Denmark Rest of Europe Total Turbines 2,292 1,501 537 399 559 112 5,400 Triton Knoll west offshore substation and jackup vessel Neptune 04 Offshore wind operational report 2020 05 Offshore wind operational report 2020 Offshore .
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Offshore Wind Farm Worker Safety, author. Worker health and safety on offshore wind farms / Committee on Offshore Wind Farm Worker Safety. pages cm — (Transportation research board special report ; 310) ISBN 978-0-309-26326-9 1. Offshore wind power plants—Employees—Health and hygiene—United States. 2.
Maryland Offshore Wind Energy Act of 2013 Created a "carve-out" for offshore wind within Maryland's Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) that is equal to 2.5 percent of all electricity sales within Maryland. Created a financial support mechanism for "Qualified Offshore Wind Projects" via Offshore Wind Renewable Energy Credits (ORECs).
An Offshore Wind Energy Roadmap3; Wind Farm Site Decisions and permits issued under the Offshore Wind Energy Act; If necessary, subsidies under the Stimulation of Sustainable Energy Production Decision; and A Development Framework for the development of offshore wind energy, and that of the offshore grid in particular.
Grade-specific K-12 standards in Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening, and Language translate the broad aims of The Arizona English Language Arts Anchor Standards into age- and attainment-appropriate terms. These standards allow for an integrated approach to literacy to help guide instruction. Process for the Development of the Standards In response to the call from Superintendent Douglas .
