Extended INFELT STEP: An Interoperable Platform For Managing .

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Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Vol III,IMECS 2010, March 17 - 19, 2010, Hong KongExtended INFELT STEP: An interoperablePlatform for managing collaboration among newproduct development applications andCAD/CAM software Integrated based on ISO10303 (STEP) StandardOmid Fatahi Valilai and Mahmoud HoushmandAbstract— Today’s information technology capabilities enablethe enterprises to increase the manufacturing collaboration andinteroperability among their different departments. Thesedepartments are engaged in different product developmentprocesses from design to manufacturing. INFELT STEP is athree-layered platform. These layers have functions andstructures that enable the INFELT STEP platform to manage theproduct development collaboration among different CAD/CAMapplication software with an integrated product data structure.INFELT STEP has structures and functions in its interoperabilitylayer that enable different CAD/CAM application software andCNC post processors to use their own data structures forinteroperable product development. INFELT STEP has anintegrated data structure based on STEP (ISO 10303) standard.This article extends the INFELT STEP architecture to improve itscapabilities to integrate enterprises product information based onSTEP (ISO 10303) standard. By this extension, INFELT STEP iscapable of managing collaboration among New ProductDevelopment (NPD) processes and CAD/CAPP/CAM software inan interoperable environment. The paper will discuss the NPDand CAD/CAPP/CAM integration based on INFELT STEPplatform. The collaborative environment and STEP based dataintegration between product specifications activities in NPDprocesses and CAD/CAM efforts in product developmentprocesses reduces time to market and insure the productcapabilities for answering the customers’ need. The differentaspects of this integration will be described in INFELT STEPplatform.Index Terms— Design and manufacturing interoperability,New Product Development (NPD), CAD/CAPP/CAMintegration, ISO 10303 (STEP) standard.I. INTRODUCTIONIn New Product Development (NPD) processes, appropriateand stable product specifications are important factors thatenable the enterprises to achieve to the goals like fast time tomarket and capacity utilization [1]. During these processes,when the customer needs and market conditions are searched,Omid Fatahi Valilai was with industrial engineering department as a Mscstudent, Sharif university of technology, P.O.Box : 1155-9414, azadi road,Tehran, Iran. He is now the president of Parsian Enterprise Architecture ltd,University of Tehran Science and Technology park, Tehran,Iran(omidfatahi@gmail.com).Mahmoud Houshmand is with the industrial engineering department as anassociated professor, Sharif university of technology, P.O.Box : 1155-9414,azadi road, Tehran, Iran (hoshmand@sharif.edu).ISBN: 978-988-18210-5-8ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)product specifications should be developed. Features(characteristics of the product) are one of the importantinformation that should be gathered in product specificationsactivities during NPD processes [2]. These features influencethe product design and product manufacturing processes. TheProduct design process starts with a careful analysis ofcustomers’ needs in terms of features, functions, and benefitsof the product [3]. Therefore, the integrated informationexchange between “NPD processes” and “product design”,“product process plan design” can lead to short time tomarket and higher ability of the product to satisfy thecustomer needs. These benefits will be improved highly if theapplication software engaged in NPD product specificationprocesses and CAD software can collaborate with each otherand exchange their product information in an interoperableenvironment.A. New Product DevelopmentThe importance of new product development (NPD) hasgrown dramatically over the last few decades, and is now thedominant driver of competition in many industries [4].Considering automotive, biotechnology, consumer, ceuticals industries, they often depend on productsintroduced within the last five years for more than 50 percentof their annual sales. However, new product failure rates arestill very high. Many R&D projects never result in acommercial product, and between 33 and 60 percent of allnew products that reach the market place fail to generate aneconomic return [4].In a tough business environment, innovation is the onlyroute to gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. In thepast few years, governments, journalists, chief executiveofficers and academicians have embraced innovation as thenew Holy Grail for the future development of countries,industries and firms [5].New product development has become central to achievingmeaningful differentiation. NPD cycles get shorter as theinnovations of the others render existing productsunnecessary [6]. A crucial problem in new productdevelopment efforts is to reduce the time required for theirdesign and manufacture while still maintaining high qualityand minimum development cost. To achieve this, inputs areneeded from experts in a multitude of disciplines as well asIMECS 2010

Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Vol III,IMECS 2010, March 17 - 19, 2010, Hong Kongfrom customers and suppliers. The overall design processmust be well orchestrated and integrated [7].Product development can be defined as the process bywhich the inception, conception, development, realization,maintenance and demolition/decommissioning of a facility(constructed works) can be described and managed [8].B. ISO 10303 (STEP) standardSince the mid-1980s, the international community hasbeen developing the ISO 10303 set of standards, well knownas STEP (ISO 10303-1 1994), which has its foundations inmany of the earlier aforementioned standards [9]. STEP hasdeveloped from a group of people popularizing emergingideas through cycles of consensus, much as do schools of art,literature, and music [10]. The STEP standard is divided intomany parts, i.e. Description Methods, Information Models,Application Protocol (AP)s, Implementation Methods, andConformance Tools. Each part is published separately [11].The Information Models and Application Protocols describethe data structures and constraints of a complete productmodel [9]. The use of STEP language can help the enterprisesto have to somehow the integration of data for product designactivities [12]. The overall objective of STEP is to provide amechanism that is capable of describing product datathroughout the life cycle of a product, independent from anyparticular system [13]. STEP has led to improvements inexchange and sharing of simple CAD information, productmodels and complete product structures and Furthermore,STEP has improved communications within the extendedenterprise (including suppliers, business partners andcustomers) and helped to support global collaborations [12].This standard can manage the design information in anintegrated environment.The first parts of STEP publication to achieve InternationalStandard status happened in 1994, but many other parts havesince been published or are under development and willeventually be added to the standard [14]. STEP hascapabilities that span multiple industries. Those industriesdriving and actively developing standards today includearchitecture & construction, aerospace, automotive, electrical& electronic, manufacturing technologies, process plant, andshipbuilding [10]. Recent updates (and other relevant o.ch/iso/en/ISOOnline [14].ISO 10303, also informally known as the Standard for theExchange of Product model data (STEP), is a family ofstandards defining a robust and time-tested methodology fordescribing product data throughout the lifecycle of a product[15]. When the STEP effort began in 1984, it was envisionedas a more encompassing set of standards for the exchange ofall product data that included CAD/CAM and Product DataManagement (PDM) systems [16]. STEP is widely used incomputer-aided design (CAD) and product data/lifecyclemanagement (PDM/PLM) systems [15]. The ISO10303 andISO14649 Standards (STEP and STEP-NC) have beendeveloped to introduce interoperability into manufacturingenterprises to meet the challenge of responding to productionon demand [17]. It is stated that Major aerospace,automotive, and ship building companies have proven thevalue of STEP through production implementations resultingISBN: 978-988-18210-5-8ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)in actual savings of 150M per year in the US (and potentialsavings of 928M per year) [15].STEP is a proactive effort, the focus being placed ondeveloping a standard that caters for various user groups,which are usually associated in an industry or according to acommon application such as CAD data, which can be usedthroughout multiple industries [18].The STEP standard categorizes the various types ofproduct data around APs. An AP includes at least threeformal documents:The Application Activity Model (AAM) describes theactivities in the lifecycle of a product.The pieces of product information that are needed for theactivities are called the Application Reference Model (ARM)The Application Interpreted Model (AIM) is formed byusing an EXPRESS information model to capture everythingin the ARM and to tie it to a library of pre-existing definitions[9].STEP will enable us to iterate designs based onmanufacturing suggestions, then evaluate and analyze theresults before manufacturing the pieces. It also offers atremendous benefit for exchange and managing informationfrom several engineering and manufacturing disciplines in aneffective way [19].Some of the most relevant APs used in the CAD/CAMdomain include [9], Part 203: Configuration controlled 3Ddesigns of mechanical parts and assemblies (ISO 10303-2031994), Part 214: Application protocol: Core data forautomotive mechanical design processes (ISO 10303-2141994) and Part 224: Application protocol: Mechanicalproduct definition for process plans using machining features(ISO 10303-224 2001).C. INFELT STEP platformFig 1. INFELT STEP platform overall StructureINFELT STEP is a collaborative and interoperableplatform for CAD/CAPP/CAM software integrated based onSTEP standard [20]. INFELT STEP platform is an integratedPlatform. The Product data are stored in this platform basedon STEP Standard. The INFELT STEP overall structure isshown in Fig 1. This Platform is consists of three differentlayer. These layers enable different CAD/CAM applicationsoftware and CNC post processors to collaborate with eachother. The platform supports the different CAD/CAMApplication software’s data structures. It enables them tocollaborate with each other for Product design and productprocess planning based their own data structure. TheIMECS 2010

Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Vol III,IMECS 2010, March 17 - 19, 2010, Hong KongIntegration layer maintains the integrity of product data basedon STEP standard as shown in Fig 6. The Interoperabilitylayer control and manage the collaboration among differentCAD/CAM application software and CNC post processors asshown in Fig 3 and Fig 4. The Flexibility layer is comprisedof interfaces. These interfaces exchange the CAD/CAM datawith CAD/CAM application software and CNC postprocessors as shown in Fig 2. The Integration layer stores theproduct data based on STEP application protocols. The CADproduct data are stored based on application protocol 203.The product data related to product process are stored basedon application protocol 214& 224. The CNC machining dataare stored based on application protocol 238. INFELT STEPhas procedures and functions that exchange the data withdifferent CAD/CAM application software and CNC postprocessors. These procedures and functions manage themodified product data.INFELT STEP data structure is integrated based on (ISO10303) STEP standard. The different CAD/CAM applicationsoftware can collaborate with each other in product designand product process planning in this platform.D. Proceeding researchThe INFELT STEP is capable of managing product designdata and the data related to the product process plan based onSTEP standard. As the stated earlier, definition of productspecification during the NPD process is highly important.This paper proposes an extension to the INFELT platform tomanage the NPD activities during the product specificationprocesses definition and integrate it with product CAD/CAMactivities. This integration will be based on ISO10303(STEP) standard. The proposed extension will use theinformation technology capabilities of INFELT STEP tointegrate the NPD processes with Design activities. Thecollaborative product development environment enables thedata interoperability among different NPD software andCAD/CAM application software. This reduces the timeneeded for product design based on product specificationdata so reduces time to market and increase the productcapabilities for satisfying the customer needs.The paper discusses the different aspects of this extensionin extended INFELT STEP structure. The informationrequirement needed to add the new interfaces to the platformwill be discussed. The extended INFELT STEP structure willmaintain the integrity of product data based on STEPstandard. At the same time the extended INFELT STEPplatform, enable the different NPD software and CAD/CAMapplication software to exchange the product data based ontheir own data structure and manages the collaborationamong them.the NPD product specification data integrated based on STEPstandard, the paper proposes to extend the data structurebased on STEP standard. This extension includes the use ofthe data structure based on application protocol 233 inintegration layer.Fig 2. CAD Flexibility LayerFig 3. CAD Interoperability LayerII. THE PROPOSED EXTENSION IN INFELT STEP PLATFORMThe proposed extension in INFELT STEP platform shouldenable this platform for integrating NPD processes based onSTEP standard. It should also enable different applicationsoftware to collaborate with each other in specifying the newproducts specifications. The extension should include a datastructure capable of maintaining NPD data based on STEPstandard. It also needs procedure and functions in INFELTSTEP structure to manage the collaboration with differentapplication software in NPD processes. In order to maintainISBN: 978-988-18210-5-8ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)Fig 4. Global Interoperability LayerA. ISO 10303-233 (AP 233)AP233 is targeted to support the needs of the systemsengineering community. It provides neutral data models ascommunications pipelines to exchange and integrateinformation between systems engineering tools. It is builtIMECS 2010

Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Vol III,IMECS 2010, March 17 - 19, 2010, Hong Kongfrom a set of reusable information model “modules” forcompatibility across application domains [21]. Since 1999,STEP has extended its scope from the product design phaseto additional lifecycle phases, such as maintenance andrepair, including AP239 (Product Lifecycle Support [PLCS])and AP233 (Systems engineering data representation) [12].AP233 is designed as a neutral information model for theexchange of data between Systems Engineering, SystemsArchitecture Description, and related tools. In most cases, thespecifications within this site are the definition of mappingsbetween the schema or metamodel of an application, databaseor standard and the AP233 XML Schema. Thisdocumentation is self-contained so that readers need noknowledge of the AP233 ISO standard itself or the ISOEXPRESS language in which AP233 is standardized [22].AP233 is a STEP-based data exchange standard targeted tosupport the needs of the systems engineering community,consistent with emerging standards in CAD, structural,electrical, engineering analysis and support domains.Application Protocol (APs) parts address specific productsand processes. AP 233 is addressing Systems Engineeringand Design using a combination of modules the systemsengineering team has developed and modules that otherteams have developed. The scope of AP 233 includes:1) System behavior2) System structure3) System modeling4) Decision support5) Requirements, analysis, trade studies6) Program and project management7) Verification and validation8) Risk management9) Issue managementAP233 was proposed aiming to support the exchange andsharing of systems engineering data [12]. This helps thesystem analyzers to gather and develop the main properties ofproduct successfully.Fig 6. Integration LayerAP233 and several other STEP application protocols arebeing built using a modular architecture. This enables thesame information model to be reused across disciplines andlife cycle stages. In the STEP Modular Architecture thesereusable information models are called application modules,or informally called “modules”. AP233 will consist of anumber of modules that together will satisfy the scope of therequirements stated above, [23]. So using AP233 forgathering product specification along the modules will beused for other parts in later product lifecycle part. Support forseveral of systems engineering viewpoints within the scopeof AP233 already exist as the result of the development ofFig 5. The Proposed extended INFELT STEP platformISBN: 978-988-18210-5-8ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)IMECS 2010

Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Vol III,IMECS 2010, March 17 - 19, 2010, Hong Kongother application protocols and will simply be reused inAP233. When existing STEP modules do not provide neededcapabilities, new modules are being defined as part of AP233development. Since AP233 is part of STEP, it is easy to relatesystems engineering data to that of other engineeringdisciplines over the lifecycle of a system and to relatedproduct models [23]. These modules will be used for otherAPs in product design and product process design.B. The Proposed extended INFELT STEP platform forIntegration with NPD processesThe proposed extended INFELT STEP platform is shownin Fig 5. The integration layer uses the ISO 10303-233(AP233) to manage the NPD processes. The productspecification gained from different application software willbe stored based on this data structure. This makes theINFELT STEP integrated based on STEP standard. Thedifferent CAD/CAM application software can then use theNPD data based on STEP standard for product design andproduct process planning.The extended INFELT STEP platform has two new layers.These layers are NPD flexibility layer and NPDinteroperability layer. These layers support different NPDsoftware to collaborate with each other in specifying theproduct specification. The NPD interoperability layerconverts the NPD data. This data is converted to datastructure based on AP233 data structure. The globalinteroperability layer is also active in this part and managesthe collaboration between all the NPD and CAD/CAMapplication software.1) Extension in Flexibility LayersTo enable the different NPD software to collaborate in aninteroperable environment, the paper extends the INFELTSTEP platform by means of new NPD flexibility layers. Thislayer is responsible to send and receive the data andinformation to the different NPD software based on their owndata structure. This layer facilitates to join the new NPDsoftware easily. This layer has data structures based on NPDsoftware data structures. Like other CAD/CAM flexibilitylayer structures, the NPD flexibility layer is consists ofinterfaces for each NPD software data structure. The data andinformation is exchanged based on NPD application softwaredata structure within these interfaces. The developedinterfaces are parts of the flexibility layers. The mainfunction of the interfaces in the flexibility layers is to checkthe data validity of exchanged information. These layerscommunicate with Interoperability layers in XML dataformat. With this new flexibility layer, INFELT STEP getsfour flexibility layers:Flexibility Layer for NPD product specification to supportdifferent NPD application software, Fig 7.Flexibility Layer for CAD to support different CADapplication software, Fig 2;Flexibility Layer for CAPP/CAM to support differentCAPP/CAM application software.Flexibility Layer for CNC Post Processors to supportdifferent CNC machining post processors.Any applications and devices use their own data structure.These layers are consists of different interfaces that have datastructure based on related NPD/CAD/CAM applicationsoftware and CNC machining post processor data structure.ISBN: 978-988-18210-5-8ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)Fig 7. NPD flexibility layer structure and functionalityThese layers send the NPD/CAD/CAM/CNC machiningdata and information to lower layers named Interoperabilitylayers in XML format. Vice versa, flexibility layers receivethe NPD/CAD/CAM/CNC machining data and informationfrom interoperability layer in XML format.The Flexibility layer for NPD product specification layerenables the INFELT STEP to have flexibility to supportdifferent NPD software based on their own data structure.The new interfaces can be developed to this layer where theyare required.2) Extension in Interoperability LayersThese layers are the brain of INFELT STEP platform.Different NPD/CAD/CAM/CNC machining data andinformation structures in XML format are delivered to theselayers. These layers enable different NPD/CAD/CAMsoftware collaboration. To support NPD software forinteroperability and collaboration the extension in INFELTSTEP interoperability layers include a new interoperabilitylayer for NPD product specification software. This layer isshown in Fig 8.Fig 8. NPD Interoperability layer structure andfunctionalityIMECS 2010

Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Vol III,IMECS 2010, March 17 - 19, 2010, Hong KongThe Interoperability layers interchange the data amongFlexibility layers and Integration layers. At the flexibilitylayers, each of the NPD/CAD/CAM applications works withtheir own data structure. The product data is stored inIntegration layer based on STEP standard. The role ofInteroperability layers can be defined as a medial structurebetween flexibility and Integration layer. These layersconvert the product data to STEP structure and control themodified data with other information stored in Integrationlayer to avoid the contrasts.3) Extension in Integration LayerThe extension in this layer should enable the INFELTSTEP platform to integrate the NPD product specificationdata based on STEP standard.Fig 9. Extended Global Interoperability Layer structureThe new NPD Interoperability layer enables differentNPD software to collaborate in the platform. The interfacesin the NPD flexibility layer sends the data and informationbased on their own data structure in XML format to NPDinteroperability layer. The NPD interoperability layersprocesses the data and convert them to STEP standard datastructure based on Application protocol 233 data structure.As like the other Interoperability layers, in NPDinteroperability layer, there is a procedure calledcollaboration control. After interoperability layer convertsthe interfaces’ modified data to STEP data structure,collaboration control checks the data. NPD collaborationcontrol ensure that once a NPD application softwaremodified data is received and converted to STEP datastructure, it doesn’t contradict with other NPD applicationsoftware.To check the processed data and information validity, theinteroperability layers check data and information based onSTEP standard. If interoperability layers identify any invalidprocessed data, they will return these data to relatedinterfaces in flexibility layers. If the converted data validatethe constraints, the interoperability layers send this data toGlobal Interoperability Layer.The Global Interoperability layer has the responsibility toenable interoperability between NPD/CAD/CAM applicationsoftware and CNC Post Processors. This layer is extended tosupport the interoperability during the collaboration amongNPD and CAD/CAM activities as shown in Fig 9. TheInteroperability layers act in two stages:Captures modified product data and information fromtheir related flexibility layer’s interfaces. They convert thosedata to STEP structure based on application protocols definedin those interoperability layers. The interoperability layersperform the control and check operation for validating themodified data among their own layer.The interoperability layers deliver the data to GlobalInteroperability layers to check and control the modified dataamong all interoperability layers. The modified NPD productspecification data may be in contrast with other scopes like aCAD modification on design that may endanger CAMmodified data for that product.The global interoperability layer interchanges the productdata with lower layer called Integration layer. It receives thestored data from Integration layer and processes it to controland validate the modified data.ISBN: 978-988-18210-5-8ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)Fig 10. Extended Integration Layer structure andfunctionsOne of the major operations of the INFELT STEPplatform is its storage operations. The integration layer isresponsible for saving and managing the data. This data is theresult of collaborative works. It includes the design of theproduct, the process plans of the products and the data thatlead to the production of this product by means of the CNCmachining tools. The extension in this layer adds the AP233data structure and extra functions for NPD data to currentdata structures as shown in Fig 10. This enables theIntegration layer to send and receive the NPD productspecification data and maintains the integrity based on STEPstandard.III. CONCLUSIONToday’s information technology tools can integrate thedifferent processes in enterprises. NPD processes play animportant role in many enterprises. Integration of NPD dataand product design and its process plan design can increaseits capability for customers’ need satisfaction. INFELT STEPis an integrated platform based on ISO 10303 (STEP)standard. It enables different CAD/CAM applicationsoftware and CNC post processors to collaborate with eachother in product development. This paper proposes anextension in INFELT STEP platform to enable it manage theNPD processes. Different NPD application software cancollaborate in this platform with each other. They can specifythe product specification based on their own data structure.The INFELT STEP platform manages the collaboration andstore the data based on STEP standard. This data can be usedby CAD/CAM application software for product design andIMECS 2010

Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Vol III,IMECS 2010, March 17 - 19, 2010, Hong Kongproduct process planning. This links the product specificationactivities with product design activities. This reduces time tomarket and increase the product capabilities for customersatisfaction. New extensions for improving the INFELTSTEP platform capability in other product developmentprocesses can be further searched.[21] Sudarsan Rachuri, Sebti Foufou, Sharon Kemmerer. Analysis ofStandards for Lifecycle Management of Systems for US Army --- apreliminary investigation. August 2006. NISTIR 7339.[22] [Online] [Cited: march 12, 2009.] http://homepages. nildram.co.uk/ esukpc20 /exff2005 05/ap233/index.html.[23] SysML Merge Team. Systems Modeling Language (SysML)Specification. April 3, 2006. OMG document: ad/2006-03-01, 0][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]C. H. Loch, S. Kavadias. Handbook of New Product DevelopmentManagement . s.l. : Elsevier Ltd., 2008. ISBN: 978-0-7506-8552-8.A. mital, A. desai,A. subramanian,A. mital. product development: astructured approach to consumer product development, design, andmanufacture. s.l. : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007. p. 17. 0750683090,9780750683098.D.L. Rainey. Product Innovation,Leading Change through IntegratedProduct Development. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2005.Information on this title: www.cambridg e.org /9780521842754.978-0-511-11296-6.Qualls W., Olshavsky R. W., Michaels R. E. Shortening of thePLC—an empirical test. 1981, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 45, pp.76–80.E. Prandelli, M. Sawhney, G. Verona. Collaborating with Customers toInnovate,Conceiving and Marketing Products in the Networking Age.Northampton : Edward Elgar, 2008. 978 1 84720 373 1 (cased).Blagoevski-Trazof, Aleksandar. Managing new product developmentprocess. 2007.Dr. Osiris Canciglieri Junior,Dr. Fábio Favaretto, Dr. Robert I. M.Young. Information sharing using features technology to supportmultiple viewpoint design for manufacture. 2005, Produto & Produção,Vol. 8, pp. 75-86.Kagioglou, Mike. Product development and design management. 2004.IGLC-12 conference. (m.kagioglou@salford.ac.uk).X. W. Xu, H. Wang, J. Mao, S. T. Newman, T. R. Kramer.STEP-compliant NC research: the search for intelligentCAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC integration. 1 September 2005, InternationalJournal of Production Research, Vols. 43, No. 17, pp. 3703–3743.Kemmerer, Sharon J. STEP The Grand Experience. 1999. SpecialPublication 939, 187 pages, CODEN: NSPUE2.AMAITIK, S.M., KILIÇ, S.E. A STEP-BASED PRODUCT DATAMODEL FOR CAPP. Cappadocia, Turkey : The Tenth InternationalConference on Machine Design and Production, 4 - 6 September 2002.p. 237.A. Ball, L. Ding , M. Patel. An approach to accessing pro

CAD/CAM application software and CNC post processors as shown in Fig 3 and Fig 4. The Flexibility layer is comprised of interfaces. These interfaces exchange the CAD/CAM data with CAD/CAM application software and CNC post processors as shown in Fig 2. The Integration layer stores the product data based on STEP application protocols. The CAD

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