Introduction To Wastewater What Is Wastewater? ¾ Treatment ¾

1y ago
19 Views
2 Downloads
2.45 MB
14 Pages
Last View : 2d ago
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Kaleb Stephen
Transcription

Introduction to WastewaterTreatmentBruce J. LesikarProfessorTexas AgriLife Extension ServiceOverview¾ Whatis wastewater?are we concerned about wastewater?¾ The big picture.¾ Goals for wastewater treatment are evolving¾ How do we implement our infrastructure?¾ Wastewater Treatment Processes – The endresult is based upon your design¾ Existing systems need upgrades to meet newrequirements: onsite and centralized options¾ WhyWastewater Infrastructure¾¾¾All facilities servingpeople generatewastewaterHow to meet theseneeds in an lized collection andtreatmentWastewater Constituents¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾Organic matter – BiochemicalOxygen Demand – indicatorSolids – TSSFOG – Fats, Oil & GreaseNutrients – etalsPublic Health¾ WastewaterPathogenszzBacteriaVirusescan contain disease causingEnvironmental ProtectionTreat contaminants before they reach Surfacewater orGroundwaterzNutrients Phosphorus NitrogenzOrganic LoadingzBacteria - Pathogens BOD5

Permitting Dispersal SystemsThe Big Picture¾¾ Inorder to be an effective, long-term sustainablepart of the wastewater infrastructure, onsite,cluster or centralized wastewater treatmentsystems must be properly sited, designed,installed, operated and maintained.¾ We must have professionals who can providesystem management services¾ Trained professionals for all scales ofinfrastructure: onsite, cluster, & centralized.TCEQ, Chapter 285, 5000 gallons per day or lesszzz¾¾On-site sewage facility, OSSF - TCEQSeptic system - PublicOn-site wastewater treatment system, OWTS – NationalTCEQ, Chapter 317, Greater than 5000 gallons per day.Additional requirements for 317 PermitszzzzPotential groundwater impact due to water quality andmounding potentialDetailed soil analysisLocation of water wells within ½ mileUniformity of effluent distributionOnsite Wastewater Treatment SystemCentralized Treatment SystemBiosolids Land Application ProgramUniv of Nebraska Extension in Lancaster 05.jpgMalfunctioning Onsite SystemMalfunctioning Centralized System

Malfunction¾ MalfunctioningOSSF – An on-site sewagefacility that is causing a nuisance or is notoperating in compliance with the 285 OSSFregulations.Nuisancesewage, human excreta, or other organic wastedischarged or exposed in a manner that makes it apotential instrument or medium in the transmission ofdisease to or between personsan overflow from a septic tank or similar device,including surface discharge from or groundwatercontamination by a component of an on-site sewagefacility; ora blatant discharge from an OSSF.¾¾¾Evolution of wastewater treatmentgoalsEvolution of WastewaterManagement¾ FromIndoor plumbingOutdoor plumbing: the pit privy¾¾¾¾¾¾Goal: designated placeNo carrier needed toconvey wasteWaste applied directly tothe soilPublic health concernsaddressedManagement: relocateoutdoor plumbing to water reuse¾¾¾¾¾ConvenienceWater carrier to conveywaste out of facility‘Collection system’Public health andpathogensManagement:keeppipe flowingWhere does it go?zzOnsiteSewer

On-site DisposalGoal: limit human contactKeep wastewater belowgroundDisposal optionsPublic health¾¾¾¾zzOff-site Disposal¾zzz“Disposing” of pathogensTreatment or dilution?¾Collection piping fromhousesClusterCommunity¾ Type¾Septic tank and soil treatment area¾z¾¾Goal: TREATMENT AND DISPERSALEvolving goal:zDisposal: effluent goes away versus treatmentDispersal: TREATMENT¾Public health AND environmental issues addressedManagement:zz¾Starting to address both environmental concerns inaddition to public health concernsTechnological advancements now allow removal of:zDisposal: often none at all;Dispersal: System management is criticalzz¾Well¾Hydrologic cycleAerobic soilGroundwaterHydrologic CycleOff-Site Treatment and DispersalSeptic System¾Water TablePathogensSolidsNutrientsSystem management is vital to treatmentGoal is now DISPERSALzWastewaterInputof sewerGravityz Vacuumz Small diameterz STEP /STEGTreatment?zEnvironment: groundwatercontaminationManagement:install,flush and forget¾Centralized sewerLateRunoffSlowra lFloly PwermeablelayerStream¾Convey wastewater tocentral point.Contaminants removed?zzzGround Water¾¾Impermeable LayerPrimarySecondaryTertiaryTreatment for removal ofspecific contaminantsDischarge to surfacewater resourcesDurham County North Carolina WWTP

Water ReuseCentralized System & Hydrologic Cycle¾¾¾Goal: careful use of avaluable resourceWastewater vs. waterPotable vs. Non-potableuseszzz¾Landscape reuseToilet flushingTough to meet potablequalityManagement: O&M iseven more criticalVarying rates of evolutionEvolution of Wastewater Goals¾¾¾¾¾¾¾Outdoor plumbingIndoor plumbing - Remove wastewater from the home.Disposal On-site - Prevent wastewater from surfacing inthe yard.Disposal Off-site – Prevent contact at facility and conveyto stream.Treatment / Dispersal On-site - Provide effectivetreatment before effluent reaches surface or groundwaterresources.Treatment / Dispersal Off-site – Provide effectivetreatment before discharging to stream.Reuse - Reclaim the water.¾ Varyacross the countryforces for change¾ DrivingzzLimited water resourcesEnvironmental concerns TMDL program CZMP program Source water protectionzWatershed Protection PlansChanges in Goals means:TMDL Defined¾ ApproachTMDL PS-LA NPS-LA MOSzzTMDL Total Maximum Daily LoadPS-LA Waste Load Allocation (PS)NPS-LA Load Allocation(Anthropogenic NPS Natural Sources)MOS Margin of Safety(plus Margin for Growth?)zzzmust also changeSiting requirementsChoice of treatment components and systemsSystem O&MManagement programIndustry needs

Decentralized ApproachDecentralized wastewater treatmentsystem:¾ Collection,treatment, and dispersal/reuse ofwastewater from individual homes, clusters ofhomes, isolated communities, industries, orinstitutional facilities, at or near the point of wastegeneration.¾ Onsite, cluster and centralized. Most cost effectivefor the site conditions.What is an Onsite WastewaterTreatment System?Distributed management:1.¾ Methodused to manage wastewaterinfrastructure where a responsible managemententity (RME) combines onsite, cluster andcentralized treatment in a cost effective andsustainable structure.2.3.4.Wastewater source¾Wastewater SourceCollection and StoragePretreatment componentsFinal Treatment and Dispersal trial¾Piping from facilitywith cleanoutzzBlackwaterGraywater

Collection Options¾¾¾Holding tanksComposting toiletsIncinerating toiletsPretreatment¾¾¾¾¾¾Septic tanksAerobic treatment unitsMedia filtersConstructed wetlandsMembrane bioreactorsDisinfectionFinal Treatment and DispersalComponents¾¾¾¾¾Trench and beddistributionEvapotranspiration bedsLow pressuredistributionDrip fieldSpray fieldWhat is a Central Sewer System?¾ vanced TreatmentDisinfectionDispersal – mostlydischarge¾ ResponsibleCity of Cadillac, Michiganmanagement EntityHow do we make the on-sitewastewater treatment system work?¾¾Evaluate thewastewater sourceEvaluate sitezz¾¾¾Wastewater treatmentWastewater acceptanceChoose a finaltreatment and dispersalcomponentChoose the appropriatepretreatment systemOperation andMaintenanceRoles with Septic SystemManagement¾ Site Point of Sale Inspection

Site Evaluation¾ Comprehensiveevaluation of soiland site conditionsfor a given landuse.Design¾ Theprocess of selecting, sizing, locating,specifying and configuring treatment traincomponents that match site characteristicsand facility use as well as creating theassociated written documentation.¾ A design is also the written documentationof size, location, specification andconfiguration.Installation¾ Theassembly andplacement ofcomponents of asystem, includingfinal grading andestablishment of anappropriate coverStartup¾ Theprocess of settingoperational controls,verifying componentfunction anddocumenting initialoperating conditions ofa systemInspection¾Theevaluation ofand reporting onthe status of awastewatertreatment systemOperation¾¾The action of assessingwhether each componentof the system isfunctioning properlyEach component mustbe operational if thesystem as a whole is toachieve the desiredperformance

Maintenance¾¾The action of conductingrequired or routineplanned performancechecks, examinations,upkeep, cleaning, ormechanical adjustmentsto an onsite system.Includes Replacement ofpumps, filters, aeratorlines, valves or electricalcomponents.Monitoring¾ Theaction ofverifyingperformance for aregulatoryauthority or amanufacturerPumping¾ Theaction ofremoving septagefrom a wastewatertreatment systemcomponentPoint of Sale Inspection¾¾¾¾Repair¾ Isthe action of fixing or replacing substandardor damaged components.zzzRequired repairsRecommended repairsUpgradesInspect the treatmentsystem at the time ofproperty sale.Chance to upgrade thewastewater treatmentsystem if needed.Must have trainedprofessionals.No licensing in Texas forthis person.Why Perform Operation and Maintenance?¾¾¾¾¾¾¾Keep systemsfunctioning properlyMaintain effluent qualityEarly detection ofproblemsPublic HealthEnvironmental ProtectionSystem ReliabilityCustomer Satisfaction

What quality do you desire?¾ PrimaryztreatmentGross solids removal¾ SecondaryztreatmentBOD & TSSPrimary Treatment Components¾ SepticTankscreen¾ Primary clarifier¾ Bar¾ DisinfectionzPathogen removal¾ TertiaryztreatmentNitrogen andphosphorousKing County Washington, VashonSecondary Treatment ComponentsDisinfection Methods¾ Soil¾ Aeration– Aerobictreatment¾ Secondaryclarifier¾ Sludge return toaeration¾ MembranebioreactorsTertiary Treatment Components¾ Dilution¾ Soil& Plants¾ Nitrogen removalzDenitrification¾ PhosphorouszzremovalChemical additionPrecipitation¾ Soil¾ Chlorine¾ UltravioletLight¾ OzoneNorth Central TexasWater Quality ProjectWatershed Protection Planningfor theCedar Creek WatershedEvaluation of Point Source LoadsRobert F. Adams, P.E.Alan Plummer Associates, Inc.

North Central TexasNorth Central TexasWater Quality ProjectWater Quality ProjectCedar CreekWatershedObjectives¾Point Source DischargesTerrellzWillis PointzKaufmanzKempzMabankzEustacezAthenszEast Cedar CreekzCherokee Shoresz¾ Evaluatepermitted point source nutrient loads in theCedar Creek Reservoir watersheds¾ Identify significant sources of nutrients¾ Quantify both current and long-term impacts¾ Evaluate treatment practices available for maintainingand improving water quality¾ Address costs of implementing those practicesNorth Central TexasNorth Central TexasWater Quality ProjectWater Quality ProjectApproachApproach¾Each¾PlantNorth Central TexasNorth Central TexasWater Quality ProjectWater Quality ProjectData SourcesNutrient Removal UsingPhysical/Chemical Processesplant was assessed for the ability to properly treatprojected 2050 flows under three sets of dischargelimits for nutrients.zLevel I:Existing permit conditionszLevel II: Phosphorus limit of 1 mg/LTotal nitrogen limit of 10 mg/LzLevel III: Phosphorus limit of 0.5 mg/LTotal nitrogen limit of 5 mg/LFor Existing Plant Capacity and Condition Field evaluations Permit review Discussions with plant staff Surveys (when completed) For Current Treatment Capability Review of Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) Nutrient testing done by the cities for TRWD¾ For Projected Flows Calculated primarily from projected populations at 100 gpd/ per capita¾ For Projected Populations Texas Water Development Board Provided by facility¾effluent quality data collected, evaluated, andcharacterized for current treatment level.¾Field assessment and permit review to develop potentialfacilities upgrades and conceptual level cost estimates¾Plant and total nutrient loads were estimated forcurrent, Level I, Level II and Level III conditions.Example:¾ Level I — Current permit with 2050 flows (no changes or plantexpansion)¾ Level IIzDenitrifying filterszAlum addition for phosphorous removalzAdditional solids handling capacity¾ Level IIIzLevel IIzBegin feeding a carbon source (methanol) for denitrificatonzIncrease alum feed rate

North Central TexasNorth Central TexasWater Quality ProjectWater Quality ProjectNutrient Loads* Associated with EachLevel Upgrade (2050 Loads vs. Current)Nutrient Loads* Associated with EachLevel Upgrade (2050 Loads vs. Current)Total Nitrogen Load (lbs/day)City or FacilityAthensCherokee ShoresEast Cedar CreekEustaceKaufmanKempMabankTerrellWills PointTotal LoadsIncrease or (Decrease) from Current 2439740801,3282050 FlowsLevel I12957312251861451947511,771Level II95151331113894348043967Level rent and Level I loads based on average effluent concentration determined by nutrient testing done by the citiesTotal Phosphorous Load (lbs/day)City or FacilityAthensCherokee ShoresEast Cedar CreekEustaceKaufmanKempMabankTerrellWills PointTotal LoadsIncrease or (Decrease) from Current 51182612050 FlowsLevel I2762953931719411332Level II102131140.9448497Level t and Level I loads based on average effluent concentration determined by nutrient testing done by the citiesNorth Central TexasNorth Central TexasWater Quality ProjectWater Quality ProjectNorth Central TexasNorth Central TexasWater Quality ProjectWater Quality Project

North Central TexasNorth Central TexasWater Quality ProjectWater Quality ProjectNorth Central TexasNorth Central TexasWater Quality ProjectWater Quality ProjectNorth Central TexasNorth Central TexasWater Quality ProjectWater Quality ProjectCity or FacilityCosts Associated with UpgradesLevel ILevel IILevel IIIAthens 3,428,914 893,743 76,507Cherokee Shores 0 592,351 64,915East Cedar Creek 4,915,008 127,512 912,290Eustace 217,930 51,005 549,461Kaufman 2,088,878 1,659,974 92,736Kemp 0 51,005 537,869Mabank 635,242 127,512 835,783Terrell 7,416,562 3,192,437 146,059Wills Point 0 231,840 835,783Total Costs 18,702,534 6,927,379 4,051,403

Summary¾ Wastewatermanagement will play a vital rolein our future infrastructure needs.¾ Technologies are available for removing theconstituents of concern.¾ Environmental regulations will continue to bemore stringent.¾ Environmental health is ultimate form ofpublic health protection.Summary¾Asite evaluation is critical to determining thepotential for a site to treat wastewater.¾ Advanced pretreatment and final treatmentand dispersal technologies are available formost situations.¾ Select the most appropriate technology andscale of system for your site.¾ Operation and maintenance is critical forlong-term function

Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Bruce J. Lesikar Professor Texas AgriLife Extension Service Overview ¾What is wastewater? ¾Why are we concerned about wastewater? ¾The big picture. ¾Goals for wastewater treatment are evolving ¾How do we implement our infrastructure? ¾Wastewater Treatment Processes - The end result is based upon your design

Related Documents:

Principal Notation xv List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii 1 What is Domestic Wastewater and Why Treat It? 1 Origin and composition of domestic wastewater 1 Characterization of domestic wastewater 2 Wastewater collection 5 Why treat wastewater? 5 Investment in wastewater treatment 6 2 Excreta-related Diseases 8

4 Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Wastewater Treatment Process 1. INFLUENT PUMP STATION Wastewater from the serviced area in Thunder Bay enters the Water Pollution Control Plant at the Influent Pump Station (IPS) where five pumps are available to deliver the wastewater to the preliminary treatment process. The wastewater then flows by .

Wastewater Reuse Applications 4-1. Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture 4-2. Wastewater Reuse for Industry 4-3. Urban Applications 4-4. Wastewater Reuse for Environmental Water Enhancement 4-5. Groundwater Recharge 5. Key Factors for Establishing Initiatives 6. Building Capacity for Water and Wastewater Reuse 6-1 .

Information Centre of the Ministry of the Environment of Estonia (Wastewater inflow part of the database of wastewater treatment plants reports). Wastewater factors In order to reach full coverage of industrial sector on NACE 2 digit level on water use (by purpose types) and wastewater generation the factors were developed. Wastewater

Wastewater treatment plants : wastewater resource recovery facilities ? NITROGEN and PHOSPHOROUS The process is distinguished by the fact that municipal sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants with simultaneous phosphate elimination with iron salts could be used without any changes in the process of wastewater treatment.

CLEAN WATER CURRICULUM Background Information For Teachers 5 Wastewater What Is Wastewater? Wastewater is water that goes down drains in industries, homes, and public buildings. Less than 1 percent of wastewater is waste; more than 99 percent is water. Wastewater in the HRSD service area is returned to local waterways after it is treated. In our area, treated wastewater is not returned to .

Water and Wastewater Sector Introduction Climate change can have significant effects on the reliability and operation of water and wastewater . Wastewater Facility provides the majority of wastewater treatment, serving 1.4 million residents of eight cities in Santa Clara County (San Jose, Santa Clara, Milpitas, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Gatos .

Academic Writing Certain requirements pertain to work written by students for higher education programmes. If you are a new student or perhaps returning to study after a break you may feel that you need help with developing appropriate skills for academic writing. This section is designed to help you to meet the requirements of the School in relation to academic writing. Continuous assessment .