WASTEWATER TREATMENT - Thunder Bay
WASTEWATERTREATMENTAnnual Report 2020
Table of ContentsIntroduction.3Wastewater Treatment Process.4Wastewater Treatment Process Summary.6Biosolids Summary.8Plant Treatment Process Schematic.9Infrastructure Projects.10Wastewater System Summary.12Compliance & Quality Control Laboratory .13Calibration & Maintenance of Monitoring Equipment.13Sewer Use Control Program.13Complaints.14By-Pass Events.14Data Tables.15Staff Organization.17List of FiguresFigure 1: Monthly Effluent Results - TSS and CBOD5.6Figure 2: Monthly Effluent Results - Total Phosphorus.7Figure 3: Monthly Effluent Results - pH.7Figure 4: Monthly Effluent Results - Ammonia Nitrogen.8Figure 5: Biosolids Shipped to Solid Waste & Recycling Facility.8List of Data TablesTable 1: Flows Received.15Table 2: Plant Effluent Quality – Monthly Average Concentration.15Table 3: Plant Effluent Quality – Monthly Average Loading.16Table 4: Sludge Dewatering Results.16Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 20201
2Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 2020
IntroductionThe City of Thunder Bay (City) owns and operates theWater Pollution Control Plant (WPCP) located at 901Atlantic Avenue. The Plant provides primary and secondarytreatment, phosphorus and ammonia removal andanaerobic sludge digestion for the entire serviced areaof Thunder Bay. Disinfection of the effluent occurs on aseasonal basis, from April 15 to October 15. The treatmentfacility has a rated capacity of 84.5 million litres per day.This report is prepared on an annual basis to meet therequirements of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment,Conservation and Parks (MECP) amended EnvironmentalCompliance Approval (ECA) #6927-9QDM2P for thedesign and operation of the Atlantic Avenue WPCP.It also serves to explain the operation of a vital partof the City of Thunder Bay’s infrastructure.Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 20203
Wastewater Treatment Process1. INFLUENT PUMP STATIONWastewater from the serviced area in Thunder Bay enters the WaterPollution Control Plant at the Influent Pump Station (IPS) where five pumpsare available to deliver the wastewater to the preliminary treatment process.The wastewater then flows by gravity to the end of the primary treatmentprocess.2. PRELIMINARY TREATMENTThe Preliminary Treatment Process removes large objects such as rags,paper, and wood debris. The wastewater enters two aerated grit tanks,where the flow is slowed to allow solids to settle out. Suspended, heaviermaterial such as sand and gravel settles to the bottom of the grit tanks,where it is collected and dewatered by grit classifiers. This material iscollected and hauled to the City’s Solid Waste and Recycling Facility (SWRF).Polymer is added to the grit tanks to increase the settlement of suspendedsolids. Aluminum sulphate is also added to help remove phosphorus andsuspended solids.3. PRIMARY TREATMENTThe Primary Treatment Process settles the organic material and dissolvedcontaminants by gravity in four large rectangular settling tanks (clarifiers).The wastewater flows very slowly through the clarifiers, where thewastewater, now called primary effluent, overflows the outlet weirs.A surface skimmer pushes fats, oils and greases (FOG), to the scum troughs,which then feed the FOG into the scum treatment system. Settled sludgeis moved by a skimmer along the bottom to a sludge hopper where thesludge is collected and then treated in the anaerobic digesters to allowdecomposition by micro-organisms.4. SECONDARY TREATMENTSecondary Treatment is a biological process that uses aerobic bacteria toconsume suspended solids and dissolved organic materials in wastewater.The WPCP uses the Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) process. The BAF processremoves biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids and ammonia. In thefilters, the primary effluent flows upward through a bed of media. The filters areaerated to satisfy the requirements of the micro-organism population andto maintain biological activity and growth.Sludge generated in the secondary treatment process is thickened in theDissolved Air Flotation (DAF) plant before being treated in the anaerobic digesters.4Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 2020
5. DISINFECTIONTreated wastewater is disinfected with ultraviolet (UV) light to destroypathogenic bacteria. The process utilizes UV light, and therefore has noimpact on the chemical composition of the water. UV disinfection is requiredfrom April 15 to October 15.6. DISCHARGEThe final step in the wastewater treatment process is the return of cleartreated water to Lake Superior. The effluent from the WPCP is dischargedinto the Kaministiquia River, approximately 400 metres upstream ofLake Superior.7. SOLIDS TREATMENT AND COGENERATIONSludge is produced as a by-product of the wastewater treatment process.Two types of sludge, primary and secondary, are processed in theanaerobic digesters.Biogas contains approximately 60% methane (the combustible componentof natural gas). The cogeneration system converts the biogas to electricityand captures the heat generated from the engine. The biogas can also beused in the plant boilers to generate heat.Digested sludge is mechanically dewatered using centrifuges to separatethe solids from the liquid to create a sludge cake. The centrifuges increasethe solids content of the digested sludge from approximately 2% to 25%.The sludge cake is collected in bins and transported to the City’s SWRF forfinal disposal.Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 20205
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS SUMMARYThe WPCP must operate within the effluent limits outlined in the MECPEnvironmental Compliance Approval (ECA). The ECA lists effluent limitsfor the following parameters: Total Suspended Solids (TSS), CBOD5, TotalPhosphorus (TP), pH and E. coli. In addition to the effluent limits, thereare effluent objectives which are lower concentrations than the limits.The WPCP strives to produce effluent quality to meet these objectives.Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) is currently listed only as an effluentobjective. There are two objectives for ammonia, one for the freezingperiod (November 1 to March 31) and one for the non-freezing period(April 1 to October 31). E. coli has a seasonal limit and objective fromApril 15 to October 15. The following summarizes the performanceand success of the plant relative to these limits and objectives.The TSS effluent concentrations remained below the ECA objective and limits forthe entire year. See Figure 1 below for the monthly TSS and CBOD5 results.2015105Effluent TSSgustptembeOc rtobeNrovemDe Concentration (mg/L)25Effluent CBODECA LimitECA ObjectiveFigure 1: Monthly Effluent Results - TSS and CBOD56Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 2020
1.210.80.60.40.2gustptembeOc rtobeNrovemDe Concentration (mg/L)The effluent total phosphorus monthly concentrations in 2020 were below the ECA limit for the entireyear and below the ECA objective for the majority of the year. In February, the total phosphorousconcentration in the effluent was at the objective. The primary coagulant dosage was increased tobring the total phosphorus concentration below the objective. The total phosphorus concentration inthe wastewater entering the WPCP increased in February due to the dry weather and low wastewaterflows. Refer to Figure 2 for the monthly effluent total phosphorus concentrations for 2020.Effluent PhosphorusECA LimitECA ObjectiveFigure 2: Monthly Effluent Results - Total PhosphorusThe effluent pH for the WPCP remained within the range outlined in the ECA as shown in Figure 3.119876Effluent pHguSestptembeOc rtobeNrovemDe bercemberlyAuJuneJuMayrilApnuarFeybruaryMarch5JapH (SU)10ECA LimitsObjectivesFigure 3: Monthly Effluent Results - pHWastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 20207
SeAugustptembeOc rtobeNrovemDe rchConcentration (mg/L)The monthly effluent results for total ammonia nitrogen remained below the ECA objectives forthe year. See Figure 4.AmmoniaECA Freezing ObjectiveECA Non Freezing ObjectiveFigure 4: Monthly Effluent Results - Ammonia NitrogenBIOSOLIDS SUMMARYgustptembeOc rtobeNrovemDe 0800750700650600550500450yTonnes (T)The dewatered sludge generated in 2020 is presented in Figure 5. In 2020, 8,126 tonnes of biosolids(dewatered sludge) were hauled to the City’s SWRF by a contracted waste hauler. The biosolidsare weighed before being buried with incoming solid non-hazardous waste on a daily basis.Dewatered sludge will continue to be direct buried at the City’s SWRF in 2021. The WPCP expects togenerate approximately 9,000 tonnes of biosolids in 2021, assuming a similar wastewater flow.2020 Biosolids GeneratedFigure 5: Biosolids Shipped to Solid Waste & Recycling Facility8Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 2020
PLANT TREATMENT PROCESS SCHEMATICPrimary TreatmentSecondary TreatmentHeadworks BypassParshallFlumeBarScreens#1 to #4AlumPolymerBAF FineScreensAerated GritTanks 1&2RawSewageBAF “N”BAF “C”PrimaryClarifiers#1 to #4Main PumpStationPumps#1 to #5Screeningsto LandfillGrit toLandfillRawSludgeBackwashWaste TankBackwashSupplyTankDAFBAF – Biological Aerated FilterTo SludgeBlend ection(Seasonal)C – CarbonaceousN – NitrificationDAF – Dissolved Air FlotationAutomated Sample PointFinal EffluenttoKaministiquiaRiverWastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 20209
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSAs part of the Environment Division’s Asset Management Plan,many projects were carried out during 2020 to protect and improvethe equipment and infrastructure.Influent Pump Station (IPS) Wet well #1 cleaning; Wet well #1,2,3 scum removal; Wet well #1 gate guide replacement; Replace impeller and shaftassembly for 600 HP pump; New Parshall flume flow transmitterand sensor installation.Primary treatment Annual maintenance on primary clarifiers; Bar screen influent channel cleaning; Primary distribution channel inspection; Removal of vegetation inPrimary Bypass channel; Replacement of Primary Clarifier #2Raw Sludge Pump intake pipe.Sludge and Dewatering System Centrifuge #3 PLC controls upgrade; Dewatering pump header replacement; Thermal flare insulationreplacement and upgrade; Sludge Blend Tank cleaningand inspection.10Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 2020
Biological Aeration Filtration (BAF) BAF filter #2 major service; BAF filters partial excavation.Heating and Ventilation (H&V) IPS HVAC maintenance.Buildings & Grounds Plant settlement survey.Cogeneration Cogen heat recovery loop controlvalve replacement; Cogen after cooler overhaul; Cogen major servicing.Disinfection System Curtains installed at UV process discharge.Wastewater Collection – PollutionPrevention Control Plan Separation of approximately 2 kmof sanitary and storm sewers; Majority of the sewer separation workoccurred in the Syndicate Avenue area; Combined sewer overflow (CSO) on SyndicateAvenue at Brodie Streetwas decommissioned.Electrical & Instrumentation Systems Infrared scan arc flash windowinstallations; SCADA computer software upgrades,including alarm and reporting upgrades; LED lights installed on clarifierlight standard; Load bank testing and annual serviceof generators and remote station; Admin Building & DAF transformeremergency power transfer switchinstallation.Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 202011
WASTEWATER SYSTEM SUMMARY2020 ATLANTIC AVENUE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANTINFRASTRUCTUREsanitary520 km ofsewer108,000 people2,950 MWh of electricity generated on-siteOverEquivalentto over9,000Olympiclitres4 remote lift stationsRESOURCESOver 23billion5 km of combined sewerServingoverWASTEWATERTREATEDgas generated92% ofin digesterswas used to generateelectricity or heaton-site buildingssizedswimmingpoolsof wastewatertreated in 2020OPERATIONSanalyzed5,000 samplesby in-house lab17licensedoperatorsOperateddays/year24 hours/day365ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION100%of effluent limitswere achievedOver 90% removal efficiency for: Ammonia Carbonaceous Suspended Solids biochemicaldemand Phosphorus12Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 2020Over8,100Tonnes of solidsremoved fromeffluent streamEquivalent tothe weight of42adult moosea day
COMPLIANCE & QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORYThe Compliance & Quality Control (C&QC) laboratorysupports the process control testing for the WPCP.Under the direction of the Chief Chemist, LaboratoryTechnicians carry out operational analyticalrequirements, as outlined in the Environment ComplianceApproval (ECA). The testing includes, but is not limitedto the following parameters: carbonaceous biochemicaloxygen demand (CBOD5), total suspended solids(TSS), total and soluble phosphorous (TP and SP), totalsolids (TS), volatile solids (VS), volatile acids, ammonia,chemical oxygen demand (COD), capillary suction time(CST), alkalinity and ultraviolet transmittance (UVT). Thelaboratory has a quality control and assurance programin place. Additionally, the calibration and verification of theanalytical equipment used in the laboratory is confirmed annually.Lastly, an external accredited laboratory conducts tests for metals, COD, ammoniaand total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). Also, the C&QC laboratory provides analyticalsupport for the SWRF and the Sewer Use Control Program.CALIBRATION & MAINTENANCE OF MONITORING EQUIPMENTCalibration and maintenance of the effluent monitoring equipmentand automatic samplers were carried out by the EnvironmentalInspector and Laboratory Technicians. The influent flow measuringdevice is verified for accuracy by Plant Electricians on a routinebasis and calibrated by a third party on an annual basis.SEWER USE CONTROL PROGRAMThe Hauled Sewage Monitoring Program recorded a total of 523 loadsof processed water and septic tank wastes, which accounted for7.04 million litres received and processed at the WPCP in 2020.The Over-Strength Discharge Program, provided through the City’s Sewer Use By-law,allows participating industrial users to discharge effluent which contains excess phosphorous,CBOD5, and total suspended solids higher than the limits outlined in the By-law.An additional fee, based on these parameters, and on the actual treatmentcost of the loading above the By-law limits, is then applied to these industries.Industries approved to discharge are issued agreements, as required.The City’s Environmental Inspector responded to 6 reports of possible spills or pollutioncomplaint calls in 2020. Each of these issues was addressed and remediated as required.Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 202013
COMPLAINTSThe WPCP received one public inquiry in 2020 related to a foul odour emanating from thesecondary treatment process. This occurred while maintenance activities were occurring and afilter was out of service and drained. The filter was filled with water and the odour dissipated.BY-PASS EVENTSDuring 2020, there were no combined sewer overflowsat the duckbill located in the McVicar Creek.Throughout 2020, the WPCP experienced anumber of secondary and partial secondaryby-pass events. Over the course of the year,18,900 cubic metres of wastewater receivedprimary treatment and by-passed thesecondary treatment plant before enteringthe Kaministiquia River. An additional25,600 cubic metres of wastewaterreceived primary and partial secondarytreatment before being discharged to theKaministiquia River. High wastewaterflows, caused by the spring snow meltand heavy rainfall events, accountedfor over 95% of the volume of the partialsecondary by-passes. Loss of utility linepower accounted for 64% of the wastewatervolume that bypassed secondary treatment.Equipment failure accounted for the remaining 36%of the wastewater volume that by-passed secondarytreatment. As required by the WPCP’s ECA, the by-passeswere disinfected. All by-pass events were reported to the MECP,Thunder Bay District Health Unit and Environment ClimateChange Canada following the established reporting protocol.14Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 2020“Island Drive Bridge”by Sean Randall
DATA TABLESTable 1: Flows mm)MaximumDaily Flow(MLD)Average 249.8Total23,409487Average1,9514163.9Table 2: Plant Effluent Quality – Monthly Average ConcentrationMonthCBOD5TSS(mg/L) (mg/L)TP(mg/L)E. coli(#/100 mL)TAN(mg/L)pH(SU)Temperature( C)Limit25251200No Limit6.0 to 9.5No LimitObjective15150.5150Apr 1 - Oct 31: 3.0Nov 1 to Mar 31: 5.06.5 to 8.5No 4.160Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 202015
Table 3: Plant Effluent Quality – Monthly Average 6.3Average379.8416.718.0Table 4: Sludge Dewatering ResultsMonthSludge toDewatering(m3/day)Total 8Average2718,04367796,5218,126Total16Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 2020
Staff OrganizationInfrastructure and OperationsGeneral Manager Kerri Marshall, P. Eng., MBA,FECSustainability Coordinators –Amy Coomes, SummerStevenson (Acting)Communications Officers –Amanda Nason, WendyO’Connor (Acting)Policy & Research Analyst –Julie WiejakClimate AdaptationCoordinator – Jacob PorterTechnology ManagementSpecialist - Henry Connor, B. Eng.Director –Michelle Warywoda, P. Eng.Manager – Compliance &Quality Control – Tony SantosTraining & Quality AssuranceCoordinator – Shelby JaspersAdministrative Assistant Lynae GracePlanning & ResearchAnalyst – Dan Currie, C.E.T.Chief Chemist –Ian Morgan, Ph.D., P. Chem.,C. Chem.Process Engineers Lindsay Menard, P.Eng., PMP,Walter Turek, P.Eng.Water and WastewaterEngineer –Tom McConnell, P.Eng.Environment DivisionWater Pollution Control PlantPlant Superintendent –Bob Bates, P. Eng.Chief Operator,Maintenance – Sal PiccoloSupervisor, Maintenance –Mike BrownChief Operator,Operations – Rick Sutton(Acting)Supervisor, Operations –Mark WilsonAccounting & AdministrationClerk – Kristie FisherChief Operator,Electrical – Dan FultonEnvironmental Inspector –Patrick McGuireJanitor/Handyworker –Darrin White, Mario ColistroLaboratory Technicians –Julie Carlin, Keenan ColosimoMillwrights – Gord Belanger,Thane Gagnon, John Hrycyk,Mike Noga, Warren PerryOperators – Jeff Coull,Rick Sutton, PatrickMelanson, Chris Unick,Phillip Kennedy, ShaneBureau, Patrick MelansonPlant Electricians –Brian Dobson, Ron La Froye,Andreas MakridesRelief Operator –Daniella N de Lima
WATERPOLLUTIONCONTROLPLANTWATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANTCITY OF THUNDER BAYENVIRONMENT DIVISION901 ATLANTIC AVETHUNDER BAY ON P7C 5K4TEL:(807) 625-3370THUNDERBAY.CA
4 Wastewater Treatment ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Wastewater Treatment Process 1. INFLUENT PUMP STATION Wastewater from the serviced area in Thunder Bay enters the Water Pollution Control Plant at the Influent Pump Station (IPS) where five pumps are available to deliver the wastewater to the preliminary treatment process. The wastewater then flows by .
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Principal Notation xv List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii 1 What is Domestic Wastewater and Why Treat It? 1 Origin and composition of domestic wastewater 1 Characterization of domestic wastewater 2 Wastewater collection 5 Why treat wastewater? 5 Investment in wastewater treatment 6 2 Excreta-related Diseases 8
Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Bruce J. Lesikar Professor Texas AgriLife Extension Service Overview ¾What is wastewater? ¾Why are we concerned about wastewater? ¾The big picture. ¾Goals for wastewater treatment are evolving ¾How do we implement our infrastructure? ¾Wastewater Treatment Processes - The end result is based upon your design
Wastewater treatment plants : wastewater resource recovery facilities ? NITROGEN and PHOSPHOROUS The process is distinguished by the fact that municipal sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants with simultaneous phosphate elimination with iron salts could be used without any changes in the process of wastewater treatment.
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3.5 million people that still discharge their wastewater directly to rivers and lakes, rather than to improve the industrial wastewater treatment further. The treatment rate of the industrial wastewater has reached 97%, but the municipal wastewater treatment rate has only reached 70%.
5.3 Types of Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal Systems 10 5.4 Joint Treatment and Pretreatment Program 10 6. Structure of the Regulations 12 7. On-Site Wastewater Management 13 7.1 Obligation of Wastewater Treatment 13 7.2 Admissible Discharges 13 7.3 Design and Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Facilities 14
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