A (Brief) History Of American Journalism - Journalism 201: Intro To .

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A (Brief) History of AmericanJournalismOctober 13, 2017J201Introduction to Mass Communication – Prof. Hernando RojasProf. Kathryn McGarrkmcgarr@wisc.edu

Eras in American Journalism1. Religious and Colonial Press, 1630s-1760s2. Party Press, 1760s-1860s3. Commercial Press, 1830s-1900s**Dominant by 1870s4. Professionalized Media, 1900s-present

The Boston News-Letter: First successful Americannewspaper Founded by the Bostonpostmaster, JohnCampbell, in 1704 Published with a licensefrom the Crown

Characteristics of the ColonialPress, 1700s-1760s: Small (in number, content,and circulation) Apolitical Content aggregators A side business forpublishersA hand press

Benjamin Franklin, 1706-1790

Partisanship in the Early Republic

Total U.S. Weekly NewspapersTotal U.S. Daily Newspapers300225150750176017901800Growth of U.S. Newspapers,1760-1800

“Were it left to me to decide whether weshould have a government withoutnewspapers or newspapers without agovernment, I should not hesitate a momentto prefer the latter.”– Thomas Jefferson, 1787

Four types of changes in Americansociety enable rise of masscirculation, commercial press bythe 1830s: Technological Cultural Social Political/Economic

The Sun Founded in New York Cityby Benjamin Day in 1833“The object of this paper isto lay before the public, at aprice within the means ofevery one, ALL THE NEWS OFTHE DAY, and at the same timeafford an advantageousmedium for advertising.”

Total U.S. Weekly NewspapersTotal U.S. Daily h of U.S. Newspapers,1760-1840

Two Models of Commercial Newsby the 1890s: News as Entertainment Sensational stories, exemplified by the New YorkWorld News as Information Straightforward information, exemplified by the NewYork Times

Joseph Pulitzer1847-1911

Adolph Ochs,1858-1935

Table From Christopher B. Daly, Covering America, p. 141

John H. Murphy, Sr.1840-1922

20th and 21st Century Trends: Professionalization (1900s-present) Advent of Journalism Schools Ideal of objectivity

20th and 21st Century Trends: Professionalization (1900s-present) Advent of Journalism Schools Ideal of objectivity Expansion of National Media (1920s-present) Magazines Radio Television Internet

First issue of Time,March 3, 1923

Edward R. Murrow, 1908-1965President Franklin D.Roosevelt, 1882-1945

Clip from the Camel News Caravan onNBC News, September 19, 1952

% U.S. Households with TVs1007590 percent in 196250259 percent in 195001950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978% of American Homes with TVs1950-1978

Top Two Television News Programs of the 1960sCBS Evening News withWalter Cronkite (1962-1981)NBC’s Huntley-Brinkley Report (1956-1970),with Chet Huntley and David Brinkley

Ted Turner, 1938-

Total estimated circulation for U.S. dailynewspapersTotal circulation for U.S. daily newspapers75.0 M50.0 M25.0 M019401950Weekday1960Sunday197019801990Weekday (estimated)Pew Research Center20002010Sunday (estimated)

Online Newsin the 1990s

Journalism October 13, 2017. Eras in American Journalism 1. Religious and Colonial Press, 1630s-1760s 2. Party Press, 1760s-1860s 3. Commercial Press, 1830s-1900s* *Dominant by 1870s 4. Professionalized Media, 1900s-present. The Boston News-Letter: First successful American newspaper

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