E212-Facilities Planning And Design - Yola
E212 – Facilities Planning and DesignP05 – Initial by Graph Based
Graph Based Layout ConstructionGeneral Procedure:1. Construct a REL chart, relating all departments involved.2. With the REL chart, use the Heuristic procedure toconstruct the REL graph (Primal Graph).3. Construct the Layout Graph (Dual Graph) by taking thedual of the REL graph, letting the facility exterior node ofthe REL graph be in the exterior face of the layout graph.4. Convert the layout graph into an initial layout, taking intoconsideration the space requirement of each activity.REL ChartREL Graph(Primal graph)Layout Graph(Dual graph)SpaceRequirementsInitialLayout
Recap: REL Chart Construction A number of factors other than material handling flow (cost) might beof primary concern in layout. A Relationship (REL) Chart represents M(M-1)/2 symmetricqualitative relationships, i.e.rij {A, E, I, O, U, X}: Closeness Value(CV) between activities i and j; rij isan ordinal value3
Recap: Example of REL ChartV(A) 125V(E) 25V(I) 5V(O) 1V(U) 0V(X) -1254
Recap: Total Closeness Rating For each department, the Total Closeness Rating(TCR) is the sum of the values of the relationshipswith other departmentsDepartmentDepartment1. Reception2. Emergency Unit3. Outpatients Clinic4. Wards5. Intensive Care6. Surgery7. Laboratory8. Administration9. 000000TCR152135568156413112659Order2369178455
REL Graph Construction1. Start by identifying FOUR (4) departments of the highestTotal Closeness Rating (TCR).2. Each department is represented by a node (or circle, orvertex).3. These 4 departments are then connected between oneanother with lines. All departments that must be adjacentare denoted by connecting the respective nodes withlines (or links, or edges).6
REL Graph Construction4. Then, choose the next entering department with thenext highest TCR (the 5th highest TCR).5. Select the best location for this entering department,which is the face (can be External or Internal faces) withthe maximum possible LSa (to be Maximally PlanarWeighted Graph (MPWG)).6. Continue Step 1 -5 until all departments are inside theREL graph.7
Layout Graph and Initial Layout7. Add a final exterior activity (denoted by “EX”) thatconnects the departments with outside arcs.8. Construct a Layout Graph, which is the dual of the RELgraph.9. Convert the Layout Graph (Dual Graph) into BlockLayout (that represents the initial layout).8
Requirement: Planar Graph A requirement for a layout to satisfy theactivity relationships depicted in the graph:the graph has to be planar. A graph is planar if– its vertices are points in the space– each edge does not intersect other edges orvertices.e.g.NonplanarPlanar9
Maximally Planar Graph (MPG) If given an M number of activities, a planar graph with exactly 3M-6 arcs is calledMaximally Planar Graph (MPG).E.g. if given 4 activities, M 4:Not MPG sincehas only 5 arcs(5 6 3M-6) MPG sincehas 6 arcs (3M-6 3(4)-6)The interior faces of a graph are the bounded regions formed by its arcs, and itsexterior face is the unbounded region formed by its outside arcs.EFIF1IF2IF3The tetrahedron has 3 interior faces (IF1, IF2and IF3) and 1 exterior face (EF)
Maximally Planar Weighted Graph (MPWG) An MPG whose sum of arc weights is as large as any other possibleMPG is called a Maximally Planar Weighted Graph (MPWG). Using the V(rij)’s as arc weights, a REL graph that is a MPWG hasthe maximum possible Layout Score (LSa), close to LSaUB. A Heuristic (non-optimal) procedure will be used to construct a RELgraph that is an MPG, but may not be an MPWG (although its LSawill be close to LSaUB).
Dual Graph An additional aspect of a graph is its dual. To construct the dual of a planar graph, place a dualnode in each face of the primal graph. Whenever two faces are adjacent in primal, connect thecorresponding dual nodes by an edge such that itcrosses the edge that divides the primal faces, e.g.:dual nodeG (Primal Graph)GD (Dual Graph) If the REL Graph (also known as Primal Graph) is aplanar graph, its Layout Graph (also known as DualGraph) will also be planar.12
P05 Sample Solution13
REL Chart for the New Expansion14
TCR Value ComputationCV ValuesV (A)256V (E)64V (I)16V (O)4V (U)1V (X)-100Choose 4 departments ofhighest TCR(Department 4, 8, 3, 2) toform the first MaximallyPlanar Graph (MPG)Partial Adjacency (a): 0.5DepartmentDepartment1. Receiving2. Shipping3. Raw Materials Storage4. Finished Goods Storage5. Manufacturing6. WIP Storage7. Assembly8. Offices12E3EE4 5E IEO AE EA OE O AII A O IU O O I OO U E E UE O I A U6 7 8U O EO U OO E II E AO U UU IUAI 231X00000000TCR Rank277 (7)397 (4)472 (3)676 (1)298 (6)46(8)391 (5)613 (2)15
Relationship (REL) Graph (Primal Graph)8Next entering department:Department 743216
REL Graph (Primal Graph)r78 A V(r78) 256Layout Score (LSa) ofDepartment 7 at internal andexternal faces:8FaceEFr73 E V(r73) 64IF1IF24LSaEF1 64 256 321IF164 64 256 384IF21 64 256 321IF31 64 64 129 Insert Dept 7 in IF1r72 U V(r72) 13IF3217
REL Graph (Primal Graph)LSa of next enteringdepartment (Department 5):FaceLSaEF1 4 256 261IF11 1 4 6IF21 1 16 18IF31 1 4 6IF44 16 256 276IF51 16 256 2728EFIF2IF17IF54IF3 Insert Dept 5 in IF4IF43218
REL Graph (Primal Graph)LSa of next enteringdepartment (Department 1):FaceLSaEF64 64 64 192IF14 64 64 132IF24 64 64 132IF34 64 64 132IF416 64 64 144IF564 64 64 192IF616 64 64 144IF716 64 64 1443EFIF2IF174IF5IF3IF4 Insert Dept 1 inEF or IF585IF6IF7219
REL Graph (Primal Graph)LSa of next enteringdepartment (Department 6):FaceLSaEF1 4 16 21IF11 4 16 21IF21 16 16 33IF31 4 16 21IF44 4 16 24IF54 16 16 36IF64 16 4 24IF74 4 4 12IF81 4 4 9IF91 4 16 21 Insert Dept 6 in IF581EFIF2IF17IF94IF5IF3IF453IF6IF72IF820
Final REL Graph (Primal Graph)81764532
Add an External Point (EX)EX81764532
Dual of REL GraphEX8176453223
Layout Graph (Dual Graph)8176453224
Block Layout8734562125
Possible Considerations Possible improvement for the process– Consider quantitative relation– Compare total transportation works– Exchange department locations to reduce the totaltransportation works26
Learning Objective Obtain a TCR table for the facility Obtain an initial layout using the graph based approach,where a Block Layout is constructed from 1) REL Chart,followed by 2) REL Graph (Primal Graph) and 3) LayoutGraph (Dual Graph). Graph-based layout construction emphasizes theimportance of constructing a planar graph of the RELchart if Block Layout is to be constructed to satisfy therelationships.27
Layout Graph and Initial Layout 7. Add a final exterior activity (denoted by "EX") that connects the departments with outside arcs. 8. Construct a Layout Graph, which is the dual of the REL graph. 9. Convert the Layout Graph (Dual Graph) into Block Layout (that represents the initial layout). 8
Alicia Ravetto, AIA (Facilitator) Architect John Tector, College of Design Faculty Chris Garris, (Design Team) Cannon Architects Adam Johnson, (Design Team) Edmonson Engineers, Electrical Engineer John Royal, Facilities Planning & Design, Engineer Sumayya Jones-Humienny, Facilities Planning & Design, Architect Ed Sekmistrz, Facilities Operations
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Click on directors to see expanded organizational chart. Director Facilities Operations Doug Bynum Utilities Operations Facilities, Planning, Design and Construction Facilities Management and Custodial Services Grounds and Waste Mgmt. Operations Associate VP Facilities Operations. Pag
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