KAIROS PALESTINE - Mennopin.files.wordpress
four-week congregational study planK A I R O S PA L E S T I N Ea moment of truthfaith, hope, and love—a confession of faith and call to actionfrom Palestinian Christians1
Mennonite Central Committee Matthew LesterMennonite Central Committee worker Ed Nyce talked with Abdul J’wad Jabar, whose farm borderedan Israeli settlement in the valley of Bequa’a, Palestine, in 2001. MCC’s partner organizations inPalestine and Israel identified information-sharing as MCC’s most helpful contribution toward peace.C on te n tsSECTION 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1What is the Kairos Palestine document and why should we study it?SECTION 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4The reality on the ground—background facts and mapsSECTION 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9A four-week lesson plan outline for congregational studySECTION 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Brief history of Mennonite involvement in Palestine-IsraelSECTION 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16The text of the Kairos document 2016Israel/Palestine Mission Network of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)and Mennonite Palestine Israel Network (MennoPIN)ISBN 978-1-5138-0108-72
four-week congregational study planK A I R O S PA L E S T I N Ea moment of truthINTRO D U CT IONKairos Palestine is the Christian Palestinian’s word to the world about whatis happening in Palestine. Its importance stems from the sincere expression ofPalestinian Christian concerns for their people and their view of the momentof history they are living through. It is deeply committed to Jesus’ way of loveand nonviolence even in the face of entrenched injustice. It seeks to be propheticin addressing things as they are, without equivocation. It is a contemporary,ecumenical confession of faith and call to action. Its tone and its theology echosimilar Christian manifestos written in times of crisis, e.g., at the rise of Nazism(Barmen Declaration, 1934), during the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S.A.(Letter from the Birmingham Jail, 1963), and amidst the struggle to end Apartheidin South Africa (Kairos Document, 1985). This appeal was drafted and endorsedby a broad coalition of Palestinian Christian leaders–Catholic, Orthodox, mainlineProtestant and evangelical.S E CT I O N 1What is the Kairos Palestine document and why should we study it?What is Kairos?Kairos is the Greek word for that special time of opportunity when we areinvited to confess our faith by joining in God’s redemptive activity. ThePalestinian Christian authors of this document have declared “a moment oftruth” when “a word of faith and hope” must be spoken “from the heart ofPalestinian suffering” and heard by the world Church.1
Why study Kairos Palestine?Mennonites have been building relationships in Palestine-Israel for more than65 years. An important expression of this work has been and continues to beeducation and advocacy, drawing attention to the suffering in Palestine andcommunicating the stories of Palestinian and Israeli peacebuilders to U.S.audiences. This includes lifting up the voices of Palestinian Christians andresponding to their call for advocacy.The Executive Director of Mennonite Church USA, writing on behalf of theExecutive Board in 2011, encouraged “members of Mennonite Church USAin various settings to read and discuss this document [Kairos Palestine] andto consider how you might be part of this response. Specifically we invite youto take steps to: learn about the situation in Israel/Palestine, including visitingthe region and meeting with Christian brothers and sisters there; re-examinewhat the Bible says about the land of Israel and engage in conversation witheach other about the theology of Christian Zionism and its impact on Christianbrothers and sisters in the region; consider how our financial lives are enmeshedin the policies of occupation, especially through our tax dollars and investments;deepen our commitment to the way of the cross, which binds together great lovefor every person and courageous resistance to injustice and sin.”The 2015 Delegate Assembly of Mennonite Church USA, after earlier tablinga resolution on Israel-Palestine, unanimously passed a follow-up resolutiontitled “A Statement of Support for Our Palestinian and Israeli Partners inPeacemaking.” The resolution commits the church to “strive to understandmore fully the social, economic and political context in which you live, workand pray; to reflect on our own theological and political understandings of theland of Israel-Palestine; and to discern ways we can seek a more just future forall peoples of Israel and Palestine.”What is the purpose of this lesson plan?To best hear and understand the voices of Christian Palestinians we need acommon understanding of some of the political and religious issues that area consequence of the creation of the state of Israel and Israel’s subsequentannexation of East Jerusalem and military occupation of the West Bank andGaza. Given the polarized and often biased media portrayal of issues involvingIsrael and Palestine, it is sometimes difficult for Americans to have thoughtfuland respectful discussions of these issues. The purpose of this lesson planis to facilitate a meaningful discussion of Kairos Palestine by providing thecontext for their plea, to define terms or facts on the ground referred to in thedocument, and to frame issues for discussion.Who prepared this lesson plan?Following the passage of “A Statement of Support for Our Palestinian andIsraeli Partners in Peacemaking” by the 2015 Delegate Assembly of Mennonite2
Church USA, the Rev. Alex Awad, former Dean of Bethlehem Bible College,urged delegates to make “a serious study of the Kairos Document.” TheMennonite Palestine-Israel Network (MennoPIN) received permission fromthe Israel Palestine Mission Network (IPMN) of the Presbyterian Church(U.S.A.) to adapt their previously-published study guide for use in Mennonitecongregations.To whom is Kairos Palestine addressed?Local Christians, Palestinian and Israeli religious and political leaders and civilsocieties, the international community, all Christians and all Churches aroundthe world.What is the central message of Kairos Palestine?In the midst of “the absence of hope,” Christian Palestinians proclaim aword of faith, hope, and love. At the same time they make the followingdeclarations: The decades-old Israeli military occupation of Palestinian territories is a sinagainst God and humanity. Any theology or interpretation of the Bible by Christians or Jews thatjustifies this occupation is “far from Christian teachings.”1 Christians are called to confront evil and injustice, with a creative,courageous, nonviolent resistance which “[sees] the image of God in theface of the enemy” and has “love as its logic.” A resistance based on loveof enemy and a repudiation of revenge is the only hope for a just peace andreconciliation. Kairos Palestine affirms particular boycotts, divestment and sanctions as anexpression of nonviolent resistance to injustice and as tools for justice, peaceand security for all.What Kairos Palestine is not.Kairos Palestine is not a comprehensive analysis of the Middle East or ofthe complex history of the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. Instead, it portrays thereality on the ground today in the West Bank and Gaza and the PalestinianChristian response to the injustices suffered by the Palestinian people livingunder military occupation.Is Kairos Palestine balanced?Kairos Palestine is the authentic voice of Palestinian Christians and istheir description of what is happening today in their land and to their1 The use of the phrase “is far from Christian teachings” in the Kairos document (see 2.5 and page 27under “Message from the Authors’”) appears to carry the same force as a charge of heresy.3
people. This narrative was not intended to include other perspectives.Rather, it seeks to address the many forms of imbalance now present inmany international conversations about Palestine and Israel, including 1)the misuse of the Bible and theology to support injustice, 2) the doublestandards used by the international community that contribute to Palestiniansuffering, and 3) the profound imbalance of power between Israelis andPalestinians in the media, at the negotiation table, and on the ground. Theauthors of Kairos cry out against this lethal imbalance by declaring the truthas they understand it, and confessing their faith in the Gospel of Jesus Christ,which they believe has the power to bring an end to hatred and violence andtransform enemies into friends.S E CT I O N 2The Reality on the Ground – Background Facts and MapsKairos Palestine presumes that readers are familiar with some of the basic factsregarding Israel’s occupation of the West Bank and Gaza: illegal Israeli settlements,the separation wall, checkpoints, and the deprivation of human rights and freedomsuffered by the Palestinians. Because U.S. media rarely provide all of these facts,below is a brief summary of the existing situation on the ground that may assist thereader of the Kairos Palestine document.Palestinian Land Expropriation 1948-1967Under the 1947 U.N. partition resolution, 56% of the land area of Palestinewas designated for a Jewish state and 44% for an Arab state. However, in thewar that followed Israel’s declaration of independence in 1948, Israel occupied78% of the land, leaving only 22% of Palestine for an eventual Arab state (seemap “Palestine loss of land 1946-2000,” page 5). 750,000 Palestinians fledfor safety or were forcibly removed from their property and prohibited fromreturning to their land. Instead, Israel expropriated their land in violation ofU.N. resolutions.The NakbaThe 1948 expulsion of 750,000 Palestinians from what became the stateof Israel is known by Palestinians as the Nakba, meaning the “disaster,”“catastrophe,” or “cataclysm.” More than 60 percent of the 1.4 millionPalestinians living in what now is Israel, as well as 750,000 Palestinians inthe West Bank and 1.2 million Palestinians in Gaza, are “internal refugees,”having been displaced from their original land and homes. More than 530Palestinian villages were depopulated and completely destroyed to erase theirmemory. Today more than 7 million Palestinian refugees are still displaced anddispossessed.4
Palestine-Israel Action Group, Ann Arbor Friends Meeting piag @mac.comPalestinian loss of land, 1946 to 20101946UN partition plan 19471949-19672010Israel’s Occupation of the West Bank and GazaThe internationally recognized boundary of Israel, which was establishedby the Armistice of 1949, is shown in the third panel of the maps, above.Palestinians living in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, lived underJordanian rule, and Palestinians living in Gaza lived under Egyptian rule,pending the establishment of a Palestinian state that would control these areas.In 1967, after a war with Jordan and Egypt, Israeli military forces occupied theWest Bank and Gaza. Under international law these territories are consideredto be militarily occupied by Israel and not part of Israel. They are “occupiedPalestine” and are administered by the Israeli military under military law, notby Israeli civilian authorities.International Law Regarding Populations Under Military OccupationInternational laws define the basic human rights of people under militaryoccupation and what constitutes crimes against humanity. International lawprohibits: The expropriation of landed property belonging to a racial group or groupsor to members thereof. Refusing land owners the right to return to their property after a militaryconflict.5
Denying basic human freedoms, including the freedom of movement,residence, opinion, expression, and peaceful assembly, and freedom fromarbitrary arrest and imprisonment. Denying basic human rights, including the right to a nationality, to leave andto return to one’s country, to work, and to education, and to form recognizedtrade unions. Acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining dominationby one racial group of persons over any other racial group of persons andsystematically oppressing them. Legislative measures, designed to divide the population along racial linesby the creation of separate reserves and ghettos for the members of a racialgroup or groups.Palestinian Land Expropriation 1967-2015Between 1967 and 2015, vast areas of West Bank land have been expropriatedto allow over 121 illegal settlements and 100 outposts for Jewish residents.More than half a million Israeli settlers now live in the occupied West Bank,including 190,000 in East Jerusalem. Palestinian land ownership or control isnow confined to 13% of pre-1947 Palestine (shown on the fourth panel of themap, page 5). Since 2007 Gaza has been subjected to a full Israeli blockade.The Centrality of JerusalemShortly after the war of 1967, Israel unilaterally annexed East Jerusalem andsurrounding Palestinian lands in defiance of international law and in spiteof vigorous condemnation by the international community. Yet “Jerusalemis the heart of our reality,” declares Kairos (1.1.8) and is “the first issue thatshould be negotiated” (9.5). Because Jerusalem holds such deep religious andcultural significance for Jews, Muslims, and Christians, and because Jerusalemis also the heart of the Palestinian economy, a shared Jerusalem lies at the heartof any solution to the conflict, be it a two-state or a one-state solution. Thecontinuing expulsion of Palestinians from their homes in East Jerusalem, theincreasing settlement of Israeli Jews in East Jerusalem, and the repetitive Israeliclaim that all of Jerusalem is now and will always be a part of Israel, are majorobstacles to peace.Restrictions on Palestinian Freedom of ResidenceThe Israeli military command in the occupied West Bank has approved almostno building permits for Palestinians living in the rural undeveloped land.However, building permits for settlement colonies with half a million Jewishresidents have been approved on Palestinian land in violation of internationallaw. Between 1967 and 2001, almost no Palestinians were given permitsfor housing construction in East Jerusalem. However, 46,978 housing unitshave been built for Jewish settlers in East Jerusalem. From June 1967 to June6
2009, over 24,000 Palestinian homes have been demolished in the occupiedterritories.Restrictions on Palestinian Freedom of MovementHundreds of checkpoints and roadblocks in the occupied West Bank restrictPalestinians’ freedom of movement to their homes, businesses, schools, jobs,hospitals, and farms. Palestinians are dehumanized and routinely sufferindeterminate waiting, humiliating treatment, uncertainty, and denial of access atcheckpoints.Segregated roads: Segregated roads, which Israel calls “bypass roads,” linksettlement colonies with one another and with Israel (see map, below). The493 miles of bypass roads provide unrestricted access to Israeli vehicles butrestrict or prohibit Palestinian travel. These roads cut off Palestinians fromtheir agricultural land, schools, hospitals, markets, and extended families andcarve up the West Bank into isolated enclaves.Israel has divided the populationalong racial lines: The settlementcolonies, the segregatedroads that connect them, andthe Separation Wall restrictPalestinians to isolated reserves orghettos, devastate the PalestinianPalestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA) www.passia.orgSeparation Wall: In 2002 theIsraeli government began buildinga “separation wall” in the WestBank. Much of the SeparationWall is constructed betweenPalestinian homes and theirfarmland, businesses, schools,hospitals, and the homes offamily and friends. In EastJerusalem the Separation Wall isconstructed through the middleof a once contiguous city, muchlike the Berlin Wall. With 85%of the wall constructed insidethe West Bank and not on theinternationally-recognized GreenLine, the wall’s main purposeis not security, but rather toseparate Palestinians fromIsraeli settlement colonies onexpropriated Palestinian land.Segregation roads that link settlement coloniesin the West Bank with Israel allow unrestrictedsettler movement but allow limited or no access toPalestinians.7
economy, and prevent the creation of a viable, contiguous, sovereign, andindependent Palestinian state. Rather than decrease, the number of settlementsand segregated roads increased during the 1993 Oslo peace negotiations.Foundation for Middle East Peace www.fmep.orgPalestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA) www.passia.orgThe West Bank reserves or ghettos to which Palestinians are confined areshown in the map, below. Palestinians are denied access to the white areas onthe map.The Separation Wall (blue line) is not onthe internationally recognized boundarybetween Israel and Palestine. Large swathsof Palestinian territory are on the “Israelside” of the Wall.Reserves or ghettos (shown in pink) confinePalestinians into 64 isolated and totallysurrounded canton-like reserves in theWest Bank. The triangles are major Israelisettlement colonies.8
The One-State and Two-State Options for Israel and PalestineRight now, there is a de facto one-state solution in Israel, with Israelcontrolling the land and resources and unequal rights for Palestinians andIsraelis. Alternatively, a one-state solution could mean that all the residents ofIsrael-Palestine live in one country with equal rights and share all the land. Thetwo-state solution is for Israel and Palestine to be two different states, eachbeing contiguous, economically viable, and independent. Many today fear thata one-state solution with equal rights for all is not viable because Israel believesthere must be a majority of Jews in any Israeli state and that the demographicsof one state would end in a Palestinian majority. At the same time, many fearthat the two-state solution is no longer viable because Israeli settlements withmore than a half-million people in Palestine are precluding a contiguous,economically viable, independent state.S E CT I O N 3A Four-Week Lesson Plan for Congregational StudyMessage to the class leader:This lesson plan is organized around three major sections of Kairos Palestine:Week One, Faith, Hope, and Love (sections 2, 3, 4 and 10); Week Two, theeffects on Palestinians of Israeli military occupation (section 1); and Week Three,the call to action addressed to various groups (sections 5-9). Week Four opensconversation about specific actions and invites prayers for peace. You will need thefollowing materials to lead this study: a Bible; a copy of Kairos Palestine: FourWeek Congregational Study Plan for each class member.In Week 2, it is suggested that the class view part of Chapter 2 (“The Big Picture”)from the Steadfast Hope DVD (11 minutes). Steadfast Hope: The PalestinianQuest for Just Peace is a curriculum produced by the Presbyterian Israel PalestineMission Network (IPMN) that includes a 48-page booklet and an 80-minuteDVD. (Available singly or with volume discount at http://store.pcusa.org or1-800-524-2612. Ask for item #2646615001. The video is also available via theIPMN website nt/content/article/5/3-steadfast-hope.In Week 4, it is suggested that the class view the video “Children of the Nakba”produced by Mennonite Central Committee. (Available via the MennoPINResource Page at nal resources include What is Palestine-Israel? Answers to CommonQuestions, by Sonia Weaver (commissioned by Mennonite Central Committee,available through Mennonite Media); Under Vine and Fig Tree: Biblical Theologiesof Land and the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict, ed. by Alain Epp Weaver (availablefrom Cascadia); and the MCC-produced video “Dividing Wall.” (Available via theMennoPIN Resource Page at www.mennopin.org/congregational-resources).9
1W eek OneA Word of Faith, Hope, and Love1. Welcome and opening prayer (5 minutes)2. If copies of the Kairos Palestine: Four-Week Congregational Study Plan havenot been distributed ahead of time, pass them out at the beginning of class.3. The leader presents an overview of the study and of Kairos Palestine. (5minutes)4. Divide the class into three groups. Ask one group to read and discuss section2 on Faith; another group to read and discuss section 3 on Hope; and the lastgroup to read and discuss section 4 on Love. (15 minutes)5. Ask one person from each group to answer the question: What surprised you orcaught your group’s attention in the section you discussed? (10 minutes)6. General class discussion, using questions that arise from the group or some ofthe following questions. (15 minutes) Is this the usual way we understand the meaning of faith, hope, and love? How might some biblical interpretations transform the living Word into a“dead letter” that is “used as a weapon to deprive us of our rights in ourown land” (2.2.2; 2.3.3)? How might some Churches “offer a theologicalcover-up” for injustice? (6.1) How does the Palestinian Christian commitment to active nonviolence ina situation of significant injustice challenge Mennonite commitments topeacemaking? Kairos Palestine has been called “A letter from a Palestinian Jail.” Whatsimilarities and differences do you find between the current Palestinianstruggle and the Civil Rights struggle in the U.S. during the 1950s and 1960s?Do you find any echoes of the writings of Martin Luther King, Jr?7. Wrap up and share the assignment for next week which is to read section 1 ofKairos Palestine and pages 1-5 and 8-9 of this lesson plan. Closing prayer. (5minutes)10
Photo: Mark Schildt“Come and See” tours were initiated by the MCUSA Executive Board, which hopes to send 100Mennonite Church leaders to Israel/Palestine over five years. Here, participants in an April, 2015 tourare on a political tour of the Old City of Jerusalem.2W eek 2The Reality on the Ground1. Welcome and opening prayer (5 minutes)2. Leader asks each participant, “Please turn to the person next to you and discussyour initial reactions to the assigned reading for today about the Reality on theGround.” (5 minutes)3. Class discussion of the Reality on the Ground, using questions that arise fromthe group or some of the following: (30 minutes) How much did you know about the Israeli military occupation of thePalestinian territories before reading Kairos Palestine? How do the various laws, policies, and practices of the Israeli militaryoccupation contribute to turning “our towns and villages into prisons”?(1.1.1) How do you respond to the comparison of the “de facto” state theology ofthe occupation with the South African state theology of Apartheid. Whatname would you give to this “de facto” state theology? Show the first 11 minutes of Chapter 2 (“The Big Picture”) of theSteadfast Hope DVD (also available via the IPMN website at nt/content/article/5/3steadfast-hope). Wrap-up and share the assignment for next week (read sections 5-10 ofKairos Palestine) and offer a closing prayer. (5 minutes)11
3week threeWhat Does the Lord Require of Us?1. Welcome and opening prayer (5 minutes)2. Ask the group to list on the board questions and issues that remain from thelast two weeks. (10 minutes)3. General discussion of the following: (35 minutes) Kairos Palestine is addressed to several different groups. What distinctmessages are addressed to each specific audience? Can you identify any partsof the text addressed to Fatah and Hamas (the two major Palestinian politicalparties), to Israel, and to the U.S.A.? What is the message to the globalChristian church? Why does Kairos Palestine accusethe international community of using“double standards” for Palestine andIsrael? (Section 7) Which sections of Kairos Palestinemay resonate with or disturbmembers of your congregation?Mennonite Central Committee Ryan Rodrick Beiler Section 4.2.6 supports an economicand commercial boycott of everythingproduced by the occupation. Section7 calls for “the beginning of a systemof economic sanctions and boycott tobe applied against Israel.” In 2013,the Mennonite Central CommitteeUS Board decided not to invest incompanies that benefit from violenceagainst Palestinians, Israelis or others.How do you respond to the use ofeconomic measures as a form of nonviolent resistance?Mennonite Central Committee worker SarahThompson joined volunteers organized byOmar Haramy of MCC partner organizationSabeel to plant olive trees at the farm of theNassar family in Nahalin, Palestine, in 2011.The Nassars are Palestinian Christians whoseland was threatened with confiscation bynearby Israeli settlements. Some American Jews haveattacked Kairos Palestine, saying itdelegitimizes the state of Israel anddeclares that Christianity replacesGod’s covenant with the Jews. Didyou find any evidence of this in your reading of Kairos Palestine? Does KairosPalestine question the validity of God’s covenant with the Jews?4. Wrap up and closing prayer (5 minutes)12
4W eek 4Act for Peace, Pray for Peace1. Welcome and Opening Prayer (5 minutes)2. View “Children of the Nakba” (produced by Mennonite Central Committee,available at www.mennopin.org/congregational-resources) (25 minutes)3. General discussion: (15 minutes) How can you, your congregation, and your conference respond to thisconfession and call to action from our Christian brothers and sisters in theland of our Savior’s birth? What do you personally feel called to do or share given this knowledge? Who do you know that would benefit from this study, or further study of theSteadfast Hope curriculum?4. Prayers for peace (10 minutes) Pray for just peace for all of the people of Israel and Palestine; Pray for wisdom for the leaders of nations; Pray for strength and courage for all peace-makers;Photo: Mark Schildt5. ClosingIn April 2015, a West Coast “Come and See” tour organized the MCUSA visited the Lajee Center inBethlehem.13
S E CT I O N 4Brief history of Mennonite involvement in Palestine-IsraelMennonites have been building relationships in Palestine-Israel for over 60 years,working alongside Palestinians and Israelis for peace with justice. After the horrorsof the Holocaust, many Jews welcomed the creation of the State of Israel, viewingit as a potential safe haven. The establishment of Israel in 1948, however, wenthand in hand with the massive dispossession and displacement of over 750,000Palestinians and the destruction of over 500 Palestinian towns and villages.Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) responded in 1949 to this newly createdrefugee crisis with material assistance and numerous other ways includingeducation and rural development. Another example was selling needlework madeby Palestinian refugee women, one of the first products sold by what eventuallygrew into the alternative trading organization Ten Thousand Villages.Over the years MCC developed bonds of friendship with the Palestinian churches,joining them in their ministry, including partnerships with the Latin PatriarchateSchool in Zababdeh and the Bethlehem Bible College. Since Israel’s occupation of EastJerusalem, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip in 1967, MCC has supported the workof both Palestinians and Israelis committed to non-violence and a future of peace,justice, and reconciliation for both peoples. The MCC Peace Section organized its firststudy tour to Palestine-Israel in 1969. MCC has continued to organize delegations,currently one each year from the United States and Canada, signaling the significantrole of educating North American Mennonites. MCC has produced variousperiodicals, books, and education resources as well as placed hundreds of workersand volunteers in Palestine-Israel. In 2013, the MCC U.S. Board decided not to investin companies that benefit from violence against Palestinians, Israelis or others.Photo courtesy of Al Najd Development ForumMennonite Mission Network (MMN, then Mennonite Board of Missions) hashad a presence in Palestine-Israel since the mid-1950s in conjunction with EasternVolunteers delivered mattresses to families who opened their homes to other Gazans displaced by theIsrael-Hamas conflict in 2014. Mennonite Central Committee provided bedding and supplies that weredistributed through partner organization Al Najd Development Forum.14
Mennonite Missions (EMM, then Eastern Mennonite Board of Missions andCharities). This work was initially focused on working with the Messianic Jewishmovement in Israel. MMN staff currently serve on the faculty of Israel College of theBible. Since the mid-1960s this work has also included partnering with PalestinianChristian at Nazareth Hospital and schools, as well as helping to establish NazarethVillage, which has seen a steady flow of North American volunteers and visitors.Christian Peacemaker Teams (CPT) has had a presence in Hebron, in the OccupiedWest Bank, since 1994. This presence has included school patrols that accompanychildren, monitoring settler violence and soldier home invasions, and workingagainst home demolitions. CPT supports Palestinian-led nonviolent resistance toIsrael’s military occupation and educates people in North America. Educationcampaigns have included the “Campaign for Secure
Executive Board in 2011, encouraged "members of Mennonite Church USA in various settings to read and discuss this document [Kairos Palestine] and to consider how you might be part of this response. Specifically we invite you to take steps to: learn about the situation in Israel/Palestine, including visiting
Tracy Traynor and the publishing team at Macmillan, as well as all the committee in Palestine who have tirelessly given their time to this project. Printed and bound in Palestine by A R Hijjawi & Sons 2014 2013 2012 2011 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9780230415546-Palestine 4 TB 07.indd 2 28/07/2011 10:01
English for Palestine Grade 12 – approach and contents English for Palestine Grade 12 has two books: English for Palestine Pupil’s Book 12 . This is the core-language book, to be used for all courses . English for Palestine Pupil’s Book 12 Reading Plus . This is the advanced literary book, which is an additional component
2 1 Resolution 2 As followers of Jesus and his gospel of reconciliation, we long for peace, security, justice, and flourishing 3 of all people living in Israel-Palestine, including Jews, Christians, and Muslims.1 4 We have heard the cry of Palestinian Christians including Kairos Palestine, A moment of truth: A word of 5 faith, hope and love from the heart of Palestinian suffering.
City of East Palestine Columbiana County 82 Garfield Avenue East Palestine, Ohio 44413 To the City Council: We have audited the accompanying general-purpose financial statements of the City of East Palestine (the City) as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003, as listed in the table on contents. These
East Palestine City School District 200 West North Avenue East Palestine, Ohio 44413 We have reviewed the Independent Auditor's Report of the East Palestine City School District, Columbiana County, prepared by Perry & Associates, Certified Public Accountants, A.C., for the audit period July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2016.
when faith does violence - re-imagining engagement between churches and LGBTI groups on homophobia in Africa when faith does violence - re-imagining engagement between churches and LGBTI groups on homophobia in Africa 10 11 when faith does violence Just as the Kairos Document was a “challenge to church” (Kairos 1985, 1986), calling for
Kairos Singapore Holdings Pte Ltd and another [2015] SGHC 38 High Court — Suit No 888 of 2012 George Wei JC 18-20, 24-27 September 2013; 31 March 2014 Tort — Defamation — Defamatory Statements — Fair Comment — Justification — Qualified Privilege— Malice — Malicious Falsehood — Damages Tort — Passing Off
“Accounting is the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least, of a financial character, and interpreting the result thereof”. Definition by the American Accounting Association (Year 1966): “The process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed .
