Social Life Cycle Assessment And Life Cycle . - Life Cycle Initiative
Social Life Cycle Assessmentand Life Cycle SustainabilityAssessmentSonia Valdivia, Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya.
Product Life CycleLife cycle of a product begins in the extraction of natural resources and ends when theproduct is finally disposed off, considering all processes, including material production,manufacturing, assembly, use, recycling and transportationCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia.
Environmental Life Cycle AssessmentCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Organizations do not want to be related tonegative social impactsCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA)S-LCA - - - S-LCA is a technique to evaluate positive andnegative social impacts of a product along the lifecycle- -- UNEP, 2009- Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
HistoryCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Social LCA (S-LCA) Goals Purpose of using S-LCA:Provide social information for decision making,Social information between production and consumptionProvide information for social improvement. Aims To go beyond the legislationTo achieve benefic impactsCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia ValdiviaSETAC, 1993
(environmental) LCA x S-LCA Commonalities Extensive data demand Iterative Provide information fordecision makersDifferencesIn S-LCA the stakeholdersperspective is relevantSubjective data is used inS-LCA Average or generic datagives the potential and notnecessarily the real impact Based on functional unitCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Data collection comparisonOrganization levelType 3 pact assessmentType I CSRType 2 CSRSA 8000EnvironmentalLCALCAProcessSiteCompanycompany alongthe life cycleCompany oneLife cycleCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
S-LCA follows ISO with adaptationsLimits of the studyCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Goal and Scope DefinitionFunctional Unit Spongebob and steel spongebob? Washing machine and Washing service?Why are them comparable?Same functionFunctional Unit is the amount of function required!Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Functional unit Additionally,a better description of the product can be added(product utility) Funcionality Technical quality Adittional services Aesthetic Product Image Costs Environmental and social characteristicsUNEP/SETAC, 2009Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Functional unit Product utility example:Funcionality: cover the bodyTechnical quality: without buttons, short sleeves, durable, washableAdittional services: cloth to clean the floorAesthetic: fashionProduct Image: known brandCosts: medium classEnvironmental and social characteristics: organic cotton from smallcommunitiesFunctional unit is not the product!UNEP/SETAC, 2009Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Reference flow Which product and how many of the product is needed to supply thefunctional unit? One red or a green T-shirtUNEP/SETAC, 2009Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Hands on! Define the reference flow for the functional unit ‘ONE relevantcommunication’UNEP/SETAC, 2009Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Product systemCut-off criteria: workinghoursCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
System boundaries and theProduct system To be considered: Life cycle stages: cradle to gate, cradle to grave,gate to grave, gate to gate Infrastructure Services Advertising Engineer Designers Overhead Employees transportation MaintenanceRecommendation: begin simpleCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Cut-off criteria in S-LCA: working hoursSocial relevantunit processesCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Hands on! Establish a product system for the reference flow for a ‘relevantcommunication’UNEP/SETAC, 2009Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Definition of relevant issues based onstakeholder perspective
Hands on! Think of relevant stakeholders for the reference flow for a ‘relevantcommunication’ defined and why did you choose themUNEP/SETAC, 2009Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
StakeholdersWorkersConsumersLocal communitySocietyValue chain
Social Life Cycle AssessmentS-LCACássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
UNEP/SETAC subcategories Top-down Internationally recognised OIT GRI ISO 26000 PROSACássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Working subcategoriesFreedom of association and collective bargaignChild labourForced labourFair salaryWorking hoursEqual opportunities and discriminationHealth and safetySocial benefits and social securityWorkersCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Consumers subcategoriesHealth and safetyFeedback mechanismConsumer privacyTransparencyResponsibility along the life cycleCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Subcategorias de impactoMaterial resources accessImmaterial resources accessDelocation and migrationCultural heritageHealthy and safety conditionRespect to indigenous rightsCommunity engagementLocal employmentAssuring Life conditionCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Value chain subcategoriesFair competitionPromotion of social responsibilitySupply relationshipRespect to intellectual property rightsCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Society subcategoriesPublic commitment with sustainabilityContribution to the economic developmentPrevent and mitigation of armed conflictsTechnological developmentCorruptionCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
31 subcategories Non restrictive listExclusions must be justifiedCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Subcategory methodological sheet Subcategory Name Definition Measurement unit MonitoringPolitical relevance Purpose Releance to sustainabledevelopment International convention andagreements International target orrecommended standards Methoddescription Concept and definition Measurement method Indicator limitation Methodological status Other subcategory definition Data evaluation Referencehttp://lcinitiative.unep.frCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Specific issues in S-LCAData collection along the life cycleis as demanding as in(environmental) LCACássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
How to identify a hotspot?
Data collectionCertification ofmanagement systemsWorking hoursUnit processOrganizationCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Life Cycle Inventory: data collection Data collection Specific Interviews Questionnaires Data from the companyGeneric National statistics Data from the regionCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Life Cycle Inventory: verifying data Data triangulation Comparison of data providers: Example: Manager, worker, employee, NGOs,unionCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
How to express a nonquantitative indicator?
Hands on Give examples of social inventory indicators for a ‘relevantcommunication’Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Marble case
Hands on! Define a functional unit and a reference flow for a ‘relevantcommunication’UNEP/SETAC, 2009Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Third LCA PhaseTo evaluate the social impactsCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Environmental LCAElementary flowsImpact categoriesClimate changeAcidificationEutrophicationHuman toxicityEcotoxicityCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
From inventory data to stakeholder
From inventory data to impact through subcategories
From inventory data to impact through pathways
Fourth LCA PhaseEvaluating the resultsaccording to the Goal and ScopeCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Discussion Consider the red and green T-shirt (A and B)The life cycle of A presented 2 children working and in B, 5. Which option has a better social condition? ABCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Discussion Product A: half of the work force is womenProduct B: Women workers represent 20% of the working forceOne if the women in A feels she has no opportunitiesWhich is the product with better social life cycle?ABCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
Future steps in S-LCA Case studies Application ReviewDissemination Capacity building Data and tools CommunicationModelsCássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
IntroductionLife cycle sustainability assessment(LCSA) refers to the evaluation of allenvironmental, social and economicnegative impacts and benefits indecision-making processes towardsmore sustainable productsthroughout their life cycle.
ConclusionsIt is feasible worldwideIt is NOT re-inventing the wheelPPPIt is our contribution to the upcoming United Nation Conferenceon Sustainable Development Rio 20Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia
BenefitsClarifying trade-offsAchieving sustainability byconsidering all three pillarsPromotes sustainability along thevalue chainSupport identification of weaknessto promote improvement along thelife cycle
BenefitsSupport prioritization of actionswith chances of positive impactsSupport sustainable consumptionCredibility of enterprisesStimulates innovation inenterprises and suppliersPotentially inform labelinginitiativesGuiding principles to achieve SCP
How to arrange a common scope for the 3 techniques?
Towards a Life Cycle Sustainability AssessmentEditors and co-authorsValdivia, S. (UNEP), Ugaya, M.L.C.(Technological Federal University ofParana and(alphabetic)ACV Brasil), Sonnemann, G.Contributors(UNEP), Hildenbrand, J. (ChalmersAlvarado, C. (Pré Consultants)University,Benoit,C. (New Gothenburg)Earth, USA)Gautam,P. (Consultant,(alphabetic)Nepal)Co-authorsInaba,A. (NationalInstitute of Advanced Industrial ScienceCiroth,A. (GreenDeltaTC)and Finkbeiner,Technology, Japan)M. (TU Berlin)Lu, Hildenbrand,B. (Research CenterJ. for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences)(Chalmers University, Gothenburg)Norris, G. (New Earth, USA)Klöpffer, W. (Journal of LCA)Revéret, J.-P. (l'Université du Québec à Montréal )Mazijn, B. (Ghent University)Prakash, S. (Öko-Institut)Sonnemann, G. (UNEP)Traverso, M. (TU Berlin)Ugaya, C.M.L.(Technological Federal University of ParanaandReviewers:ACV Brasil)20 stakeholdersValdivia, S. (UNEP)reviewers worldwideVickery, G. (Univ. of Arkansas)and
System boundariesKlöpfer, 2006Sonia Valdivia, Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya
Data collectionSonia Valdivia, Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya
Impact assessmentSonia Valdivia, Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya
ExamplesUse of notebook computerBusesCertified woodWashing machinesMarble slabsNotebookcomputerGoldCobaltMetalsWEEE
Marble case
Hands on! Define few environmental LCA indicators and Life Cycle Costinginficators for a ‘relevant communication’ as functional unitUNEP/SETAC, 2009Sonia Valdivia, Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya
Presenting resultsBestWorstLife Cycle Sustainability Dashboard was introduced by Traverso & Finkbeiner,(Traverso M. and Finkbeiner M., 2009. Life Cycle Sustainability Dashboard. Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Life Cycle Management, 6-9September 2009. Cape Town, South Africa)
Interpretation
Hands on! Where do you see the trade offs among the three sustainability pillarsfor the reference flows defined before?UNEP/SETAC, 2009Sonia Valdivia, Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya
ConclusionsIt is feasible worldwideIt is NOT re-inventing the wheelPPPIt is our contribution to the upcoming United Nation Conferenceon Sustainable Development Rio 20Sonia Valdivia, Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya
What is next?ApplicationsDevelop technical expertiseDiscuss LCSA principles and criteriaExplore how to read the results of the LCIAs for each technique Considering the ‘trade-off’ analysis Avoiding double countingMore research on the assessment of product utility and sustainability toavoid the unethical use of the toolsAddress the perspective of the future generation
What is next?Common understanding and consensus of the areas of protection(endpoints) within an LCSASoftware and databases businesses are asked to facilitate userfriendlier and low cost techniques to promote more LCSAsProvide more guidance and examples of stakeholder involvement inLCSAs and review processesValidate a clearer communication format of LCSA results to decisionmakers to support better informed choices on sustainable products
References and Bibliography1.UNEP/SETAC (2010). Methodological Sheets for 31 Sub-Categories of Impact for a Social LCA of products. Available in: http://lcinitative.unep.fr2.UNEP/SETAC (2009). Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. UNEP/SETAC Life-Cycle Initiative. ISBN: 978-92-807-3021-0.3.Valdivia, S., Ciroth, A., Ugaya, C., Lu, B., Sonnemann, G., Fontes, J., Alvarado, C. and Tischhauser, S. (2010). A UNEP/SETAC Tool Box for LC SustainabilityAssessment of Products, in The 9th International Conference on EcoBalance: Tokyo, Japan.4.UNEP/SETAC (2011). Global Guidance Principles for Life Cycle Assessment Databases. UNEP/SETAC Life-Cycle Initiative. ISBN: 978-92-807-3021-0.5.UNEP (2003). Evaluation of environmental impacts in Life Cycle Assessment, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE), Production and Consumption Unit,Paris.6.ISO 14040 (2006). Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment –Principles and Framework. International Organization of Standardization.7.ISO 14044 (2006). Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Requirements and Guidelines. International Organization of Standardization.8.Guinée, J. (2002). Handbook on Life Cycle Assessment: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards, Dordrecht.9.Ciroth, A., Franze, J. (2011): LCA of an Ecolabeled Notebook - Consideration of Social and Environmental Impacts Along the Entire Life Cycle, ISBN 978-1-4466-0087-0,Berlin.10.Ugaya, C.M.L. Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida de Produtos. Ed. Interciência (no prelo).Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya and Sonia Valdivia11.Ugaya, C.M.L. S-LCA: prelimiray results for Natura's cocoa soap. Proceedings of LCM 2011. Berlin, Germany.
Gracias! Contact E-mail: ilci@unep.org Sonia.valdivia@unep.org Sonia Valdivia, Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya cassiaugaya@utfpr.edu.br
http://lcinitiative.unep.fr/
4.UNEP/SETAC (2011). Global Guidance Principles for Life Cycle Assessment Databases. UNEP/SETAC Life-Cycle Initiative. ISBN: 978-92-807-3021-. 5.UNEP (2003). Evaluation of environmental impacts in Life Cycle Assessment, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE), Production and Consumption Unit, Paris. 6.ISO 14040 (2006).
2.1 Life cycle techniques in life cycle sustainability assessment 5 2.2 (Environmental) life cycle assessment 6 2.3 Life cycle costing 14 2.4 Social life cycle assessment 22 3 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment in Practice 34 3.1 Conducting a step-by-step life cycle sustainability assessment 34 3.2 Additional LCSA issues 41 4 A Way Forward 46
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) "Phase of life cycle assessment aimed at understanding and evaluating the magnitude and significance of the potential environmental impacts for a product system throughout the life cycle of the product" (ISO 14040:2006, section 3.4) Life Cycle Interpretation "Phase of life cycle assessment in which the .
life cycles. Table of Contents Apple Chain Apple Story Chicken Life Cycle Cotton Life Cycle Life Cycle of a Pea Pumpkin Life Cycle Tomato Life Cycle Totally Tomatoes Watermelon Life Cycle . The Apple Chain . Standards of Learning . Science: K.7, K.9, 2.4, 3.4, 3.8, 4.4 .
Life Cycle Impact Assessment—phase of life cycle assessment aimed at understanding and evaluating the magnitude and significance of the potential environmental impacts for a product system throughout the life cycle of the product. Life Cycle Interpretation—phase of life cycle assessment in which the findings of either the
2.0 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 5 2.1 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) 7 2.2 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) 11 2.3 Framework 13 2.4 System Boundaries 16 2.5 Limitation and Problems 19 3.0 Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) 20 3.1 Life Cycle Cost (LCC) 20 3.2 Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) 22 3.3 Financial Supplementary Measures 23
3.1 life cycle 3.2 life cycle assessment 3.3 life cycle inventory analysis 3.4 life cycle impact assessment 3.5 life cycle interpretation 3.6 comparative assertion 3.7 transparency 3.8 environmental aspect 3.9 product 3.10 co-product 3.11 process 3.12 elementary flow 3.13 energy flow 3.14 feedstock energy 3.15 raw material LCA MODULE A1 18
Social life-cycle assessment (S-LCA) is dened as a tech-nique to assess the social and socio-economic aspects of products and their potential positive and negative impacts along their life cycle on dierent stakeholders [1]. Relative to the economic and environmental dimensions of life-cycle assessment, the social dimension lacks focus Open Access
Les lettres de Mgr. Doutreloux à Don Bosco 275 A la tête du diocèse qui a vu naître la dévotion au Saint-Sacrement, Victor-Joseph Doutreloux se doit de soutenir avec intérêt les congrès eucharistiques. Le troisième aura lieu à Liège, en juin 1883; l'évêque sera nommé président du comité perma- nent des congrès en 1890. Homme spirituel et d'une piété profonde, il tenait à .
