Soils And Aggregate Technician Course - Tennessee
SASoils and Aggregate Technician CourseTennessee Department of TransportationVolume 18.2
Soils and Aggregate Technician CourseInstructors:Jason Mellons, P.E.michael.j.mellons@tn.gov(615) 350-4152Derek Gaw, P.E.derek.gaw@tn.gov(615) 350-4106Traci Smithtraci.smith@tn.gov(615) 350-4126David Blackdavid.black@tn.gov(615) 350-4163Chris Hamptonc.w.hampton@tn.gov(615) 350-3314Training Coordinator: Kim Whitbykimberly.whitby@tn.gov(615) 350-4158Tennessee Department of TransportationDivision of Materials and Tests Field Operations6601 Centennial Blvd. Nashville Tennessee 37243-0360Phone 615.350.4100 Fax 615.350.4128
Soils & Aggregate Technician CourseVolume 18.2Class ScheduleDay roduction to the CourseSampling AggregatesReducing Samples of Aggregates to Testing SizeTotal Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by DryingBreakMaterial Finer Than the No. 200 (75µm)Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregateLunch (Provided)Embankments and Embankment MaterialsCompaction and Density ConceptsBreakEmbankment PlacementQuality Acceptance TestingDay 2:15.16.Review for ExamWritten Exam
Soils & Aggregate Technician CourseTennessee Department of TransportationVolume 18.2Table of ContentsI. Introduction . . .11.Sampling Aggregates . 72.Reducing Samples of Aggregates to Testing Size. 203.Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying .284. Material Finer Than the No. 200 (75µm) . 365. Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregate . 466.Embankments and Embankment Materials .617.Compaction and Density Concepts .788. Embankment Placement . 899.Quality Acceptance Testing . 10610.TDOT Forms. .12811. SOP 1-1 . 13012.SOP 7-1 . 14013. SOP 7-2. .14514. TDOT Specs. .150
IntroductionWelcome!Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationIntroduction Technician Certification ProgramPurposeWho’s WhoCourse HighlightsWritten Summary/QuestionsS & A Technician Certification1
IntroductionInstructors Jason Mellons, P.E. Derek Gaw, P.E. Traci Smith David Black Chris vS & A Technician CertificationTechnician Certification Program Asphalt Roadway InspectorAsphalt Plant InspectorAsphalt Mix DesignConcrete Field TestingConcrete Plant Quality ControlConcrete Mix DesignSoils and AggregateNuclear Gauge Safety (TDOT Employees Only)S & A Technician Certification2
IntroductionPurpose of Certification To ensure proper performance of testsTo improve reliability of resultsFor quality controlTo comply with federal requirementsS & A Technician CertificationCourse Highlights Course schedule Slide presentations Introduction to Soils and Aggregates5 Test methods for AggregateSoil Testing and PropertiesTDOT Specifications Written exam Results Certification Recertification Every 5 yearsS & A Technician Certification3
IntroductionWritten Examination Consists of: 51 questions Open-book Two hours to complete To Pass: Must get 70% overallS & A Technician CertificationResults Available within one week of completion Contact the Headquarters Materials & TestsTraining Coordinator, Kim Whitby kimberly.whitby@tn.gov 615-350-4158S & A Technician Certification4
IntroductionResources Course materials Course textbook Presentation slides and videos TDOT Standard Specifications, January 1, 2015 Special Provisions Contacts Region 1:Region 2:Region 3:Region 4:Brad BasketteTony RenfroKevin IsenbergMitch BlankenshipS & A Technician CertificationResources Tennessee Department of Transportation https://www.tn.gov/tdot.html American Road & Transportation Builders Association https://www.artba.org/ Tennessee Road Builders Association www.trba.org/ Tennessee Ready Mixed Concrete Association www.tnconcrete.org/ American Association of State Highway TransportationOfficials https://www.transportation.org American Society for Testing and Materials https://www.astm.org/ American Concrete Institute https://www.concrete.org/ Construction Materials Engineering Council https://www.cmec.org/ Portland Cement Association www.cement.org/S & A Technician Certification5
IntroductionADA Notice of Requirements Can be found at the following website: ibility-office/ada.html To be in compliance with TDOTs requirements listed on thewebsite above, it is our goal to provide reasonableaccommodations to those who identify themselves as having adisability and request such accommodations. Please feel free to bring it to any of the course instructors andaccommodations will be administered as discretely as possible.Concrete Mix Design Technician CertificationQuestions6
1Sampling of AggregatesAASHTO T 2ASTM D 75
SamplingReferencesTDOT Standard SpecificationsAASHTO T 2ASTM D 75Apparatus Shovel Scoops Brushes Sampling tubes Sample containers TagsSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification7
SamplingPurpose Preliminary investigation of the potentialsource of supply Sample at sourceComplete quality testing (dependent upon application) Control of the product at the source Control of the operations at the site of use Project siteConcrete plant Acceptance or rejection of the materials TDOT Standard SpecificationsSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationSize of Aggregate Nominal maximum size of aggregate isthe smallest sieve opening throughwhich the entire amount of theaggregate is permitted to pass. Maximum size of aggregate is thesmallest sieve opening through whichthe entire amount of aggregate isrequired to pass.Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification8
Sizes of Coarse Aggregate Table ‐15‐0‐522.5‐1.5”10090‐100 ‐1032‐1”10090‐100 ‐3041.5‐¾”10090‐100 10‐3051‐½”10090‐100 20‐550‐10 0‐5561‐3/8”10090‐100 40‐8510‐40 0‐150‐5571”‐#410095‐10025‐600‐106¾ ‐ 3/8”10090‐100 20‐55 0‐150‐567¾”‐ #410090‐10020‐550‐100‐568¾”‐ #810090‐10030‐655‐250‐107½” ‐ #410090‐100 40‐700‐150‐578½” ‐ #810090‐100 40‐755‐250‐100‐583/ ”‐#8810085‐100 10‐300‐100‐5893/ ”‐#16810090‐100 20‐555‐300‐100‐59#4‐#1610085‐100 ��30
Field Sample Size(Nominal Maximum Size)Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification10
Aggregate Production and Usehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v qWEci7TbjBk&feature youtu.beSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification11
Aggregate Production and UseSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification12
SamplingMethods of Sampling Flowing aggregate stream Conveyor belt Stockpiles With power equipment Without power equipment Roadways Transportation unitsSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationFlowing Aggregate Stream From bins, for example Three increments Each increment obtained using asuitable sampling device Device must be capable ofinterrupting the entire flow ofmaterial as it passes off the beltSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification13
SamplingConveyor Belts Three increments Production suspendedwhile sampling Designated sampling area Templates useful fordefining sampling area All material withinsampling area is removedincluding fines (with abrush)Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationStockpiles Stockpile must be checked forsegregation and noted in log Segregation is the separation of varyingsizes of aggregate Power equipment is recommended Portions collected at various locationsaround the main stockpileSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification14
SamplingWith Power Equipment Loader enters stockpilewith bucketapproximately 6” aboveground level Loader bucket is raisedperpendicular to theground Bucket is tilted forwardto roll material out into aseparate stockpileSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationWith Power Equipment The loader is then used tobackblade the smaller stockpileONE time Divide the sample pad into 4quadrants, and sample equalamounts Avoid sampling within 1 ft. ofsample pad edge The FOUR increments are thencombined to comprise the finalfield sampleSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification15
SamplingWithout Power EquipmentIf power equipment is not available: The pile is visually divided into threeeven sections: top third, mid-point,and bottom third of the elevation ofthe stockpile Portions are obtained from eachsection at least 12” below the surfaceby removing the outer layer ofmaterial The three increments are thencombined to comprise the final fieldsample123Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationWithout Power EquipmentIn lieu of shoveling: Sampling tubes may be usedon fine aggregate only Sample shall be taken at aminimum height of 3 ft fromthe surrounding grade At least five tube insertionsrandomly spaced across faceof stockpileSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification16
SamplingWithout Power Equipment(Sampling Tube)6 ft min.1 ¼” min.Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationRoadways Three increments Sample obtained from uncompacted or loosely-compactedbase or sub base material Predetermined random locations Full depth of layer must be sampled Avoid contamination from underlying materialSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification17
SamplingTransportation Units Railroad cars, barges, trucks Avoid if at all possible Power equipment isrecommended Various levels and randomlocations Three or more trenches 1’Three increments from each trench 1’Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationSample Containers Durable Able to be carried[ 50 lbs. (23 kg) ] Portion the sample ifnecessary Appropriate container fortest to be performedSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification18
SamplingTagging the Sample55001-3231-18Project Number:12 Mar 0211 Mar 02 Submitted:Date Sampled:F. FlintstoneSampled by:F. FlintstoneSubmitted by:Stone Materials, Inc.Producer:185StockpilePit Number:Sampled from:3DavidsonCounty:Region:Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationQuestions19
2Reducing Samples of Aggregate to TestingSize AASHTO R 76ASTM C 702
ReducingTDOT Standard Method of Test forReducing Samples of Aggregate toTesting SizeReferencesTDOT Standard SpecificationsAASHTO R 76ASTM C 702Methods of Reduction Method A - Mechanical Splitter Method B - Cone and Quarter Method C - Miniature StockpileSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification20
ReducingTo Determine Method Moisture condition of the aggregate Dry Moist SSD/Absorption Wet/Free MoistureSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationTo Determine Method Size of aggregate Coarse Fine CombinedSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification21
ReducingDetermine MethodMoistureAggregateSizeDrier thansaturated-surfacedry and SSDCoarseCombinedFineA, BA, BAA, BBB, CSplittingMethodFree moisture on surface Method A - Mechanical SplitterMethod B - Cone and QuarterMethod C - Miniature StockpileSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationMechanical Splitter / Method AFor Coarse and Combined Aggregate Even number of chutes Chutes of equal width At least 8 chutes Individual chutes about50% larger than largestparticlesFeed ChuteRolledEdgesSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification22
ReducingMechanical Splitter / Method AFor Fine Aggregate Even number of chutes Chutes of equal width At least 12 chutes Individual chutes ½” to¾” wideSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationCone and Quarter / Method B Cone the sample on ahard, clean, levelsurface. Turn sample over 3times and place into acone. Flatten the cone to auniform thickness. Diameter 4 to 8 timesthe thicknessSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification23
ReducingCone and Quarter / Method B Divide the flattenedcone. After dividing, removetwo diagonal quarters(including fines). Mix and quarter theremaining materialuntil sample isadequately reduced.Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationCone and Quarter / Method BFine Aggregate1234Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification24
ReducingQuartering Alternative/Method BMix by rolling on canvas.Flatten aggregate pile to adiameter 4 to 8 times thethickness.Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationQuartering Alternative/Method BDivide the aggregate intofour separate quartersusing a shovel or stick.Remove two diagonallyopposite quartersincluding fines.Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification25
ReducingMiniature Stockpile / Method C Place sample on hard, clean, levelsurface Mix thoroughly by turning over threetimes Form a cone with the last turning Flatten, if desired, to a uniformthickness Select at least five increments atrandom locations using a shovel,scoop, or spoonSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationMiniature Stockpile / Method CSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification26
Reducing27
3Total Evaporable Moisture Content ofAggregate by DryingAASHTO T 255ASTM C 566
Moisture ContentTDOT Standard Method of Test forReferencesTDOT Standard SpecificationsAASHTO T 255ASTM C566Apparatus Balance Heat Source Sample Container Stirring SpoonSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification28
Moisture ContentSample SizeSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationSamplesSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification29
Moisture ContentDetermine Sample Mass Weigh the sampleto the nearest 0.1of a unit of theoriginal samplemass6285.6 gSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationDry the Sample Dry theaggregate to aconstant massin an oven at110 5 C (230 9 F) Allow thematerial to coolSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification30
Moisture ContentReweigh the Sample Weigh thesample to thenearest 0.1 of aunit of theoriginal samplemass6163.8 gSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationCalculationsPMoisture ,Total P M Original M DryM DryW D 100DSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification31 100
Moisture ContentProblemGiven: Weight of the original sample (W) 1092.4 g Weight of sample after drying (D) 1080.5 gDetermine:Total percent (P) moisture content of theaggregate.Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationSolutionP W D 100DSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification32
Moisture ContentPracticeSoils and Aggregate Technician oils and Aggregate Technician Certification33570.91540.91220.11650.5
Moisture ContentDRY900gMOIST930gSSD955gWET975gDetermine the percent moisture content in the wetcondition:Determine the percent moisture of the aggregate atSSD (Absorption):Soils and Aggregate Technician ne the percent of free moisture on the sample:Determine the amount of water the aggregate has inthe wet condition:Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification34
Moisture Content35
4Materials Finer Than 75-µm (No.200) SieveIn Mineral Aggregates by WashingAASHTO T 11ASTM C 117
Finer Than #200ReferencesTDOT Standard SpecificationsAASHTO T 11ASTM C 117Apparatus Balance Sieves (#16 & #200) Container Oven Wetting AgentSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification36
Finer Than #200Sample SizeNominal Maximum SizeAMinimum Mass, g4.75 mm (No. 4) or smaller3009.5 mm (3/8")100012.5 mm to 19.0 mm (1/2" to 3/4")250025 mm (1") or larger5000ABased on sieve sizes meeting Specification E11.Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationMinus 200 MaterialSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification37
Finer Than #200Dry the Material Dry the aggregateto a constant massin an oven at 110 5 C (230 9 F) Allow the materialto coolSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationDetermine the Sample Mass Weigh the sampleto the nearest 0.1of a unit of theoriginal samplemassSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification38
Finer Than #200Two ProceduresProcedure A - Washing withplain water Dust of FractureProcedure B - Washing usinga wetting agent Clay ParticlesSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationProcedure Place the samplein the container Add water tocover the sample Add wettingagent ifperformingProcedure BSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification39
Finer Than #200Procedure Agitate the sample Use a spoon to stir,if desired Ensure completeseparation ofparticlesSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationProcedure Pour the washwater withsuspended solidsover the nestedsievesSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification40
Finer Than #200Procedure Repeat thewashing with plainwater Repeat until washwater is clear Use wetting agentfirst wash onlySoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationDry the Material Dry the aggregateto a constant massin an oven at 110 5 C (230 9 F) Allow the materialto coolSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification41
Finer Than #200Determine the Sample Mass Weigh the sampleto the nearest 0.1of a unit of theoriginal samplemassSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationCalculationsP 75 m M Dry , Before M Dry , AfterM Dry , BeforeSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification42 100
Finer Than #200Results If the amount of material finer than 75- m isless than 10% then report the results to thenearest 0.1. If the amount of material finer than 75- m isgreater than 10% then report the results tothe nearest whole number.Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationProblemGiven: Original mass of the sample 595.6 g Mass of the sample after washing 579.3 gDetermine: The percent (P) of material finer than the No. 200sieve in the sample.Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification43
Finer Than #200SolutionP 75 m M Dry , Before M Dry , AfterM Dry , Before 100P 75 m Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationPracticeGiven: Original mass of the sample 6895.5 g Mass of the sample after washing 6045.0 gDetermine: The percent (P) of material finer than the No. 200sieve in the sampleSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification44
Finer Than #200SolutionP 75 m M Dry , Before M Dry , AfterM Dry , BeforeP 75 m Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification45 100
5Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesAASHTO T 27ASTM C 136
Sieve AnalysisTDOT Standard Method of Test forSieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesReferencesTDOT Standard SpecificationsAASHTO T 27ASTM C 136Apparatus Balance Oven Sieves Mechanical ShakerSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification46
Aggregate s and Aggregate Technician Certification47
Field Sample SizeSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification48
Test Sample SizeSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification49
Sieve AnalysisDry the Material Dry theaggregate to aconstant mass inan oven at 110 5 C (230 9 F) Allow thematerial to coolSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationDetermine the Sample Mass Weigh thesample to thenearest 0.1 ofa unit of theoriginalsample massSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification50
Sieve AnalysisSievesCloggedLoose MeshHole/TearSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification51
Maximum Loading of SievesSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification52
Sieve AnalysisOverloaded SieveOptions for Overloading12”Round18” x 26”Tray Use larger sieve Portion the sample Place another sieve in the nestSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationMechanical Shaker Use a mechanicalshaker to agitate thesievesSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification53
Sieve AnalysisWeighing Weigh the sampleto the nearest 0.1of a unit of theoriginal samplemassSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification54
Sieve AnalysisSample Problem #1Original Sample507.8Mass (g)Sieve Size orIndividual WeightDesignationRetained (g)4.75 mm No. 40.02.36 mm No. 851.01.18 mm No. 1698.0600 um No. 30106.0300 um No. 50117.0150 um No. 10095.075 umNo. 20029.0 75 um No. 20011.0TotalSoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationSample Problem #1AASHTO Loss.AASHTO LossSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification55x 100
Sample Problem # 1OriginalSample507.8Sieve Size orIndividual ained (g)Percent Retained Percent Retained Percent Passing0.04.75 mm No. 451.02.36 mm No. 898.01.18 mm No. 16106.0600 um No. 30117.0300 um No. 5095.0150 um No. 10029.075 umNo. 20011.0 75 um No. 200Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification56
Sieve AnalysisFineness Modulus Numerical value to indicate fineness ofaggregate Aggregate with same fineness modulus willrequire the same quantity of water to producea mix of the same consistency and strength Higher fineness modulus means material ismore coarse Cumulative percent retained on No. 100, No.50, No. 30, No. 16, No. 8, No. 4, 3/8 inch, 3/4inch, 1 ½ inch and 3 inch sieves (Divide by 100)Fineness ModulusSieveCumulative PercentRetained3 in1 1/2 in3/4 in3/8 inNo. 4No. 8No. 16No. 30No. 50No. 100TotalFMSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification57
Sieve AnalysisSample Problem #2Original SampleMass (g)Sieve Size orDesignation75 mm3 in50 mm2 in37.5 mm 1 1/2 in25 mm1 in19 mm3/4 in12.5 mm 1/2 in9.5 mm 3/8 in4.75 mm No. 4 4.75 mm No. 4Total91.2Individual WeightRetained (g)0.00.06.020.016.013.028.08.00.0Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationSample Problem #2AASHTO Lossx 100AASHTO LossSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification58
Sample Problem # 2OriginalSampleSieve Size orDesignation75 mm3 in50 mm2 in37.5 mm 1 1/2 in25 mm1 in19 mm3/4 in12.5 mm 1/2 in9.5 mm 3/8 in4.75 mm No. 4 4.75 mm No. 491.2IndividualIndividualCumulativeWeight Retained Percent Retained Percent Retained0.00.06.020.016.013.028.08.00.0Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification59CumulativePercent Passing
Sieve AnalysisFineness ModulusSieveCumulative PercentRetained3 in1 1/2 in3/4 in3/8 inNo. 4No. 8No. 16No. 30No. 50No. 100TotalFMSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification60
6Embankments and EmbankmentMaterials
EmbankmentsReferencesTDOT Standard Specifications(Section 205)DT - FormsPreparation of EmbankmentAreas Inspection Checklist Clearing and grubbing(removal of vegetation)satisfactorily performed Depressions or holes belowthe original ground are filledand compacted with suitablematerial before lifts are placed Compacted road surfacescontaining granular materialswithin 3 feet of the subgradeare scarified to a depth of 6inches and re-compacted61
EmbankmentsPreparation of EmbankmentAreas Inspection Checklist Concrete pavements andbases are removed andbroken Embankment material mustbe placed in lifts Lifts are not placed onsurfaces which are frozen orcontain snow, mud or icePreparation of EmbankmentAreas Inspection ChecklistWhere the original ground surface is less than three feet belowthe subgrade, the following apply:- All sod and vegetation is removed- Unsuitable material is replaced with suitable material- The cleared surface is broken up to a depth of six inches andre-compacted- Cultivated sod not required to be removed before constructingthe embankment- Compacted road surface containing granular materials lieswithin 3 feet of subgrade, scarify at least 6 inches and recompact the scarified material62
EmbankmentsMajor Embankment Materials Rock fragmentsGravelSandSiltClaySoils and Aggregate Technician Certification63
Form DT-0332 Proctor DensityReportSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification64
Gradation4.75mmNo. 42.36mmNo. 81.18mmNo. 16600 mNo. 30300 mNo. 50150 mNo. 10075 mNo. 200 75 m No. 2002"1-1/2"1"3/4"3/8"#4#10#40#100#200Silt and ClayClaySoils and Aggregate Technician Certification65Coarse tomedium gravelMedium to fine gravelFine gravelCoarse sandMedium sandFine sand
Gradation(Grain Size Distribution)Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification66
EmbankmentsGradation ExampleOriginal to:Headquarters Materials and TestsCopies to:Regional Materials and TestsProject SupervisorSTATE OF TENNESSEEDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONDIVISION OF MATERIALS AND TESTS6601 CENTENNIAL BLVD.NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 37243-0360PROCTOR DENSITY REPORTMCMINNCountyContract No.Project SupervisorDate SampledDate ReportedSampled BySampled FromProject Reference No.54000-1500-04Project No.SoilMaterialReport No.S-3Serial ATION - TOTAL PERCENT PASSINGSample No.StationDepth, ft.Location, ft.1-A21 500'---5'C/L2-A27 000'---8'60' Lt. C/L3-A27 008'---17'60' Lt. C/L4-A27 000'---3'C/L5-A23 000'---13'30' Lt. C/L6-A32 3/8"No. 4No. 10No. 16No. 40No. 100No. 200Silt and ClayClaySoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationSoil ConstantsOriginal to:Headquarters Materials and TestsCopies to:Regional Materials and TestsProject SupervisorSTATE OF TENNESSEEDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONDIVISION OF MATERIALS AND TESTS6601 CENTENNIAL BLVD.NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 37243-0360PROCTOR DENSITY REPORTProject Reference No.Project No.54000-1500-04MaterialSoilReport No.S-3Serial asticity Index20Calculated tract No.Project SupervisorDate SampledSOIL CONSTANTSDate Reported28 Sampled By 5417 Sampled 292117A-7-61723422129A-65DENSITY CORRECTED FOR 4 MATERIALProctor DensityOptimum Moisture95 % DensityMoisture RangeAbove 0-15.520-24.519-2515.5-20.5Moisture RangeBelow SubgradeRegional Materials and TestsApproved for Information OnlyForm DT-0332 English (Rev. 10-02)Engineer of Materials and TestsSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification67
EmbankmentsConsistency Atterberg limits are measures of moisturecontent at which the soil changes physicalstates shrinkage limit plastic limit liquid limit plasticity index Soil constants indicate the load-carryingcapacity of the embankment material They are based on the water-holdingcapacity of soils under various conditionsand are expressed as a moisturepercentagewet soil weightw - oven - dry soil weight 100 oven - dry soil weight Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationShrinkage Limit Shrinkage limit is the moisture contentbelow which a soil will no longer changevolumeSoils and Aggregate Technician Certification68
EmbankmentsPlastic Limit Plastic limit is the moisture content at which asoil passes from a semisolid to a plastic state Plastic limit is influenced by the clay content ofa soil Sand is a nonplastic material Reduction of moisture content below the P.L.leads to a rapid increase in load-carryingcapacity Increased moisture content above the P.L.leads to a rapid decrease in load-carryingcapacitySoils and Aggregate Technician CertificationLiquid Limit Liquid limit is the moisture content at which a soil passesfrom a plastic to a liquid state High liquid limits indicate soils of high clay content and lowload-carrying capacitySoils and Aggregate Technician Certification69
EmbankmentsPlasticity Index Plasticity index is the moisture content range at which a soil is in aplastic state The plasticity index is the numerical difference between the liquidlimit and the plastic limitGiven:LL 56, PL 37PI 56-37PI 19 Low P.I. Values ( 10) indicate that a soil will go from its P.L. to itsL.L. with small additions of water High P.I. Values ( 20) indicate that a considerable amount of watercan be added to a soil before it will go from its P.L. to its L.L. If L.L. P.L., the material is considered nonplastic (N.P.)Soils and Aggregate Technician CertificationCalculated Plasticity Index The calculated P.I. is significant when the material containslarge amounts of granular particles It relates the P.I. to the total sample rather than just the 40material The calculated P.I. is determined as follows:P.I .calculated P.I .actual material passing #40 sieve100Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification70
AASHTO Soil ClassificationAASHTO Recommended Practice forClassification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate MixturesGranular materials( 35 percent of total sample passing No. 200)General ClassificationGroup ClassificationSubgroupA-1A-1-aA-3A-1-bSilt-clay materials( 35 percent of total sample passing No. 200)A-2A-4A-5A-2-4A-2-5A-2-6A-2-7 40 41 40 41 40 41 10 10 11 11 10 8A-6A-7A-7-5A-7-6 40 41 41 10 11 (LL-30) (LL-30) 12 16Sieve Analysis, percent passingNo. 10 50No. 40 30 50 51No. 200, F . . 15 25 10Characteristics of fraction passing 0.425 mm (No. 40)Liquid Limit, LL .Plast
Concrete plant Acceptance or rejection of the materials TDOT Standard Specifications. Purpose. Soils and Aggregate Technician Certification Nominal maximum size of aggregate is the smallest sieve opening through which the entire amount of the aggregate is permitted to pass. Maximum size of aggregate is the smallest sieve opening .
803.6 Aggregate for Plant Mix Wearing Course 655 803.7 Aggregate for Microsurfacing 656 803.8 Aggregate for Chip Seal 656 803.9 Aggregate for Blotter 657 803.10 Aggregate for Bed Course Material 658 803.11 Gravel for Drains 658 803.12 Aggregate for Maintenance Stockpiles 658 803.13 Aggregate for Pervious Backfill Material 660
Learning Objectives 1.Identify the determinants of aggregate demand and distinguish between a movement along the aggregate demand curve and a shift of the curve. 2.Identify the determinants of aggregate supply and distinguish between a movement along the short-run aggregate supply curve and a shift of the curve.
Chapter 13: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply model A model that explains short-run fluctuations in real GDP and the price level. Aggregate demand curve shows the relationship between the price level and the quantity of real GDP demanded by households, firms, and the government. Short-run aggregate supply curve
In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions What are economic fluctuations? What are their characteristics? How does the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply explain economic fluctuations? Why does the Aggregate-Demand curve slope downward? What shifts the AD curve? What is the slope of the Aggregate-Supply curve
Medical Laboratory Technician and Laboratory Phlebotomy Technician Textbook List p. 48 Medical Laboratory Technician and Laboratory Phlebotomy Technician Course . appropriate patient care are integrated into each area of the curriculum. . Phlebotomy Technician programs promise t
Some clay soils are well structured and relatively easy to manage. Sodic clay soils, by contrast, are more likely to be poorly structured and difficult to manage. What are sodic soils? Sodic soils are said to be 'dispersive' which means they tend to lose their structure when wet by rain water. (The cloudiness of
aggregate pier ground improvement. There are three primary options that geotechnical engineers consider when making recommendations for building on native and fill soils that are soft or loose: 1. Removing the soil and replacing it with engineered fill . hole until the aggregate pier is complete. Rammed Aggregate Piers .
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion) NOTIFICATION New Delhi, the 11th April, 2018 G.S.R. 364(E).—This notification is being issued in supersession of Gazette Notification No. G.S.R. 501(E) dated May 23, 2017. Definitions 1. In this notification,— (a) An entity shall be considered as a Startup: i .
