The Biographical Memoirs Of Saint John Bosco
TheBiographical MemoirsofSaint John BoscobyREV. GIOVANNI BATTISTA LEMOYNE, S.D.B.AN AMERICAN EDITIONTRANSLATEDFROM THE ORIGINAL ITALIANREV. DIEGO BORGATELLO, S.D.B.Editor-in-chiefV o l u m eV I I1 8 6 2 - 1 8 6 4flSALESIANA PUBLISHERSNEW ROCFIELLE, NEW YORK1972
IMPRIMI POTEST: VeryRev. John I. Malloy, S.D.B. ProvincialNew Rochelle, N.Y., December 8, 1971Copyright 0 1972 by the Salesian Society, Inc. Library of CongressCatalog Card No. 65-3104revAll Rights ReservedManufactured in the United States of AmericaFIRST EDITION
RighiratatWITH PROFOUND GRATITUDETOTHE LATE, LAMENTED, AND HIGHLY ESTEEMEDVERY REVEREND FELIX J. PENNA, S.D.B.(1904-1962)TO WHOSEWISDOM, FORESIGHT, AND NOBLE SALESIAN HEARTTHE ENGLISH TRANSLATIONOFTHE BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRSOFSAINT JOHN BOSCOISA LASTING MONUMENT
This VolumeIs Humbly DedicatedTOMOST REVEREND RICHARD PITTINI, S.D.R.(1876-1961)Archbishop of Santo Domingo***Outstanding MissionaryEloquent PreacherZealous Apostle of YouthHe Made Don Bosco Known and LovedIn Uruguay, the United States, and the Antilles.A ModelOf Christian Kindness and FortitudeHe Won Countless Souls to Christ.
Editor's Preface to the First Nine VolumesSAINT John Bosco, the central figure of this vastly extensivebiography, was a towering person in the affairs of both Church and Stateduring the critical 19th century in Italy. He was the founder of two veryactive religious congregations during a time when other orders were beingsuppressed; he was a trusted and key liaison between the Papacy and theemerging Italian nation of the Risorgimento; above all, in troubled times,he was the saintly Christian educator who successfully wedded modernpedagogy to Christ's law and Christ's love for the poor young, and therebydeserved the proud title of Apostle of youth.He is known familiarly throughout the world simply as Don Bosco. 1 Hisnow famous system of education, which he called the Preventive System,was based on reason, religion and kindness, and indicated by itsdescriptive name that, also in education, an ounce of prevention is worth apound of cure. He always sought to place pupils in the moral impossibilityof committing sin, the moral disorder from which all evils flow.To ensure the continuation of his educational mission in behalf ofyouth he founded two worldwide religious congregations, the Society ofSt. Francis de Sales (Salesian Society) and the Institute of the Daughtersof Mary Help of Christians (Salesian Sisters) which today number morethan 40,000 members conducting 2,800 educational institutionsthroughout the world.To help in the difficult art of educating the young, Don Bosco plannedto expound his method of education in a book but, absorbed as he was inthe task of firmly establishing his two religious congregations and inunceasing other labors, he had to content himself with a simple outlineof his ideas in a golden little treatise entitled The Preventive System inthe Education of Youth.1 Don is an abbreviation of the Latin dominos, master. It is used in Italy as a title forpriests; it stands for Father.ix
XEDITOR'S PREFACEFortunately, The Biographical Memoirs of St. John Bosco are amplecompensation for a book which, if written, might have given us onlytheories. These memoirs, a monumental work in nineteen volumes, untilrecently reserved exclusively to Salesians and published only in theoriginal Italian, are now available, unabridged, in this American editionnot only to his spiritual children, devotees and admirers, but also to allwho are interested in education.In these volumes Don Bosco is shown in action: not theorizing buteducating. What he said and did in countless circumstances was faithfullyrecorded by several of his spiritual sons, chief among them FatherGiovanni Battista Lemoyne. From the day he first met Don Bosco in1864 to his own death in 1916, Father Lemoyne spent his life recordingwords and deeds of Don Bosco, gathering documents, interviewingwitnesses, and arranging raw material for the present nineteen volumes ofthe life of Don Bosco, eight of which he himself authored besidesreadying another volume for the press before his death.In the compilation of The Biographical Memoirs of St. John Bosco,Father Lemoyne's primary sources were the Memorie dell'Oratorio dal1835 al 1855 (Memoirs of the Oratory from 1835 to 1855) written byDon Bosco himself, the diaries and chronicles of various Salesians whodaily recorded what Don Bosco said or did, numerous letters of the Saint,the Cinque lustri di Storia dell'Oratorio di S. Francesco di Sales (TheHistory of the First Twenty-Five Years of the Oratory of St. Francis deSales) written by Father John Bonetti, S.D.B., and personally checked byDon Bosco, the proceedings of the diocesan process of beatification andother unimpeachable contemporary documents and testimonies. Aboveall, Father Lemoyne, intelligent, conscientious and well-informed, notonly used reliable sources, but was himself an eye witness. He recordedwhat he personally saw and heard from Don Bosco. This enabled him towrite a true history even though not according to modern criticalmethods.2 He concerned himself principally with2 True history in the sense that what be narrates is substantially true, though his method ofpresentation, his chronology, and his treatment of sources stand improvement. The episodesand incidents he reports did not necessarily take place exactly as described.
EDITOR'S PREFACEXipresenting chronologically his vast selected material and therefore hisnarrative is somewhat fragmentary and may lack scientific method. It isnevertheless true history, even Volume I which deals mainly with DonBosco's youth and the training he received from Mamma Margaret, hismother.3 When gifted writers and scholars of the future will produce acritical biography of Don Bosco, The Biographical Memoirs will still notbe surpassed because Father Lemoyne lived at Don Bosco's side, wrotewhat he saw and heard, and eminently succeeded in giving us a livingportrait of Don Bosco.In editing the translation of The Biographical Memoirs accuracy andreadability were the goals we set. This was not easy and occasionally, asregards the latter, we may have fallen short of the mark. Nineteenthcentury Italian does not readily lend itself to an agile version that strivesto be an accurate translation and not a paraphrase.We have departed from the original in only one minor point: thelengthy titles or series of subtitles in each chapter. Father Lemoyne'smethod of chronological sequence in his narration necessarily made thecontent of each chapter fragmentary. As it was not possible, under thesecircumstances, to give them a meaningful title and the volumes were notindexed, Father Lemoyne prefaced each chapter with many subtitles. Insome volumes such subtitles fill a whole page. Since we have indexedeach volume and subtitles become unnecessary, we selected in eachchapter the most outstanding episode and gave it a title. Finally, althoughwe did not aim at publishing a critical edition, we researched and—inmost cases—were able to enrich the text by adding in brackets firstnames, dates, and scriptural sources, as well as numerous, helpfulfootnotes.May the reading of these Memoirs portraying the life of a man whomPope Pius XI called "a giant of sanctity" inspire his spiritual children, towhom this work is primarily directed, and all men and3 Cf. Francis Desramaut, S.D.B., Les Memorie I de Giovanni Battista Lemoyne, Etude d'unouvrage fondamental ,sur la jeunesse de saint Jean Bosco, Lyon, 1962, pp. 411ff,
XiiEDITOR'S PREFACEwomen of good will to walk their own path of life in a spirit of service toGod and man.Fr. Diego Borgatello, S.D.B.Editor-in-chiefNew Rochelle, N.Y.June 5, 1965124th Anniversary of Don Bosco's OrdinationNOTEAs with Volume VT—and continuing through Volume X—we willomit material from the original text that is of little interest to Americanreaders and of no direct consequence to these biographical memoirs. Suchomissions will always be pointed out in the footnotes, except when theyconcern Letture Cattoliche [Catholic Readings] in which case dots will beused.Fr. Diego Borgatello, S.D.B.Editor-in-chiefNew Rochelle, N.Y.December 8, 1971
AcknowledgmentsFor the publication of The Biographical Memoirs of Saint JohnBosco we owe a debt of gratitude to the Reverend August Bosio, S.D.B.,Provincial emeritus of the Salesians in the eastern United States andsponsor of this project, and to the Very Reverend John J. Malloy, S.D.B.,his successor in office.As regards this volume, we wish to express special thanks to Rev. PaulAronica, S.D.B., Head of the English Department of Don Bosco College,Newton, New Jersey, for his editorial assistance. We are also grateful tothose who have helped in one way or another, in particular, Mr. JosephIsola of the Paulist Press in New York City. We also wish to acknowledgeour indebtedness to the Ufficio Stampa of the Salesian Motherhouse inTurin, Italy, for its Dizionario Biografico dei Salesiani, a valuable sourceof many footnotes in this volume.Fr. Diego Borgatello, S.D.B.Editor-in-chiefEDITORIAL BOARDRev. Diego Borgatello, S.D.B., ChairmanRev. Henry A. Sarnowski, S.D.B., SecretaryRev. Paul Aronica, S.D.B.Rev. Joseph Bajorek, S.D.B.Rev. Emil Fardellone, S.D.B.Rev. William Kelley, S.D.B.Rev. Peter Lappin, S.D.B.Rev. Joseph Perozzi, S.D.B.Rev. Gustave Sigwart, S.D.B.Rev. Chester Wisniewski, S.D.B.
ContentsDEDICATION .EDITOR'S PREFACE.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .iX. . . .XiiiSALESIAN GLOSSARY . XiX1 A Wondrous Experience . 12 Young Apostles . 103 A Wearisome Apostolate124 A Wearisome Apostolate (Continued) . 225 A Mysterious Globe . 276 Some Noteworthy Incidents . 337 A Printshop at the Oratory .398 Diabolical Vexation . 439 Don Bosco's Tips on Purity . . . 5210 Don Bosco's 1862 Lottery . 6111 Don Bosco's 1862 Lottery (Continued) . . . 6412 Another Workshop at the Oratory .7013 A Dream: Death's Messenger . 7514 A Dream: Death's Messenger (Continued).8015 A Painful Withdrawal . 8616 An Unforeseen Controversy . 9317 First Formal Religious Profession. . . 9918 A Dream: The Two Columns . 107xv
xvi19 Filial FreedomCONTENTS.11420 Don Bosco's Name Day . 11921 Don Bosco's 1862 Lottery (Continued).12622 A Dream: The Red Horse.128.23 Special Charisms . 13324 A Dream: The Snake and the Rosary.14125 A Dream: The Snake and the Rosary (Continued) . . . 14626 Don Bosco's 1862 Lottery (Continued) .15427 Don Bosco's 1862 Lottery (Continued) . 15628 The 1862 Yearly Outing . 15829 The Daughters of Mary Immaculate.17130 Gleanings from Oratory Life.17831 A Threat Averted.18632 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued). 19433 Special Charisms (Continued)20034 A Dream: A Fiendish Elephant. 21235 Apostolate of the Press.22136 The Church of Mary, Help of Christians . 22337 Loyalty to the Pope. 22938 A Threat Averted (Continued)23439 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued)23840 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued) . 24541 A Threat Averted (Continued) .25442 Noteworthy Details . 25843 A Threat Averted (Continued) . 26244 Noteworthy Details (Continued)45 The Church of Mary, Help of Christians (Continued)46 Noteworthy Details (Continued)271276281
CONTENTSXVii47 Noteworthy Details (Continued) . 28748 Noteworthy Details ( Continued).29349 Noteworthy Details (Continued). 29950 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued) . 30251 A Threat Averted (Continued) . . . 31052 The Salesian School at Mirabelio . 31353 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued) . . . . . 32254 A Dream: A Ghastly Pit . . 33055 Special Charisms (Continued) . . . 33556 First Steps Toward Approval of the Salesian Society . . 34157 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued) . . . 34758 An Enviable Death . 35659 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued) . 36360 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued) . 37061 First Steps Toward Approval of the Salesian Society (Cont.) 37662 An Unforeseen Controversy (Continued) . 37863 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued) . 3826 4 T wo D reams: Fie rc e C ro ws a nd A H ealin g S alve .39 065 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued) . 39666 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued) . 40367 Another Heartwarming Biography . 41368 Gleanings from Oratory Life (Continued) . 41669 First Steps Toward Approval of the Salesian Society (Cont.) 42570 Special Charisms (Continued) . 42771 Noteworthy Details (Continued) . . . 43772 Noteworthy Details (Continued) . 44273 The 1864 Yearly Outing . 44574 The 1864 Yearly Outing (Continued) . 449
XViiiCONTENTS75 The 1864 Yearly Outing (Continued) . 45776 Noteworthy Details (Continued) . . . 46377 A Dream: Ten Hills . 46678 The Salesian School at Lanzo . 47579 Fatherly Suggestions . 48080 Fatherly Suggestions (Continued) . 48981 Fatherly Suggestions (Continued) . 499APPENDICES505INDEX . 513
SALESIAN GLOSSARY(For the General Reading Public)ARTISANS: trade school students.ASSISTANCE: Salesian method of supervision of boys and students, friendly andinformal in manner stressing the preventions of disorders rather than the punishmentof offenders.ASSISTANT: A Salesian engaged in supervising boys.CLERIC: a member of the Salesian Society training for the priesthood.CoAaruToR: a lay member of the Salesian Society.COMPANION OF YOUTH, THE: a prayer book composed by St. John Bosco for theuse of boys, originally entitled 11 Giovane Provveduta.COOPERATOR: one who contributes in any manner to the development of Salesianwork.EXERCISE FOR A HAPPY DEATH: a monthly practice of piety that promotes spiritualrecollection and fervor by meditation on one's eventual death. It stresses thereception of the sacraments of Confession and Holy Communion as if for the lasttime.FESTIVE ORATORY: a Salesian work which offers boys and young men organizedrecreational, educational, and religious activities mostly on Sundays and festive days.The Festive Oratory was St. John Bosco's first work and, for a good manyyears, his only one. He called it "oratory," that is, a place of prayer, because itsprimary purpose was to teach boys to go to church and pray. "Its objectiveswere the practice of religion and virtue, the boys' moral education, and,consequently, the salvation of their souls; recreation, enter tainment, singing, andschooling, which followed in due time, were only the means." (The BiographicalMemoirs of St. John Bosco, Vol. II, p. 71. See also Vol. RI, pp. 67f)GOOD NIGHT: a short talk immediately after night prayers, given by the Director orsomeone in his stead. It consists of advice, exhortations, or occasional remarks.ORATORY: see Festive Oratory, Oratory of St. Francis de Sales.ORATORY, THE: abbreviated form of "The Oratory of St. Francis de Sales." (See below)ORATORY OF ST. FRANCIS DE SALES, THE: the first festive oratory and the firstboarding school for boys founded by St. John Bosco in a district of Turin known asValdocco; the motherhouse of the Salesian Congregation.On a rainy night of May 1847 a hungry youngster, drenched from head to foot,knocked at Don Bosco's door. Don Bosco's mother fed him and prepared a placefor him to sleep. (See The Biographical Memoirs of St. John Bosco, Vol. III, pp. 141ff)Thus, side by side with the festive oratory there began a hospice that eventuallygrew into a large boarding school and became the motherhouse of the SalesianCongregation.PREVENTIVE SYSTEM: the Salesian method of education and discipline, based on reasonand religion. It stresses vigilance, guidance, and sympathetic understanding in thetraining of the young.VAL,Docco: a district of Turin.The name is probably a contraction of the Latin vallis occisorum, the valley ofthe slain—i.e., some soldiers of the Theban Legion who were martyred underEmperor Maximian. The Salesian motherhouse stands on the site of theirmartyrdom. (See The Biographical Memoirs of St. John Bosco, Vol. II, pp. 233ff, 268)
THEBIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRSOFSAINT JOHN BOSCO
CHAPTER 1A Wondrous ExperienceGloria filiorum patres eorum! [The glory of children is theirparentage—Prov. 17, 6] Our glory is Don Bosco! Memorable is theday—July 24, 1907—when Holy Mother Church declared him a"Venerable Servant of God!" He had been the good and faithful servantwho had traded the talents he had received and attuned his mind andheart perfectly to God.Scripture says: Misericordiam et veritatem diligit Deus. [Ps. 83, 12]Indeed, all of Don Bosco's works bespoke mercy and truth, notnecessarily to please the world, but rather to deserve the promisedeternal reward. "If I were . . . striving to please men," St. Paul wrote, "Ishould not be a servant of Christ." [Gal. 1, 10] This is the memento thatDon. Bosco left to his pupils over and over again, phrasing it in thewords of Tobias: "Serve the Lord in truth, and seek to do the things thatplease Him." [Tob. 14, 10]With this premise we will now return to Don Bosco, to whom—in ouropinion—God, the lover of truth, revealed unknown, hidden mysteries ofHis wisdom. Don Bosco's own words and actions will bear out ourassertions.Toward the end of Volume VI of these Memoirs we stated that shortlyafter Christmas he fell ill with erysipelas and had to take to bed for severaldays.' On the evening of December 31 [1861], however, againsteveryone's cautionary advice—for they feared a relapse—he arose andwent downstairs to greet nll his dear boys and give them the strenna2 forthe year 1862. At the same time heI See Vol. VI, p. 630. [Editor]2A New Year's gift customary in Italy. From the very beginning of the Oratory (seeVol. III , p. 433), Don Bosco had started the custom of giving a spiritual strenna or giftto his boys and co-workers on the last day of the ye ar. It took the form of a motto orslogan to be practiced throughout the year then about to dawn. This custom is still keptby Don Bosco's successors. [Editor]
2THE BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF SAINT JOHN BOSCOpromised a personal amazing, extraordinary strenna for each of them on themorrow.3What happened on January 1, 1862, is recorded in the Ruffin and Bonettichronicles,' which are fully concordant:When the Angelus bell rang at dawn, Don Bosco was ordered (as hehimself asserted, though he declined to say by whom) to go immediately tochurch and celebrate Mass. He obeyed. Afterward he came into the diningroom for a cup of coffee. He likewise came down for dinner 5 and,convinced of his cure, discarded his medication and let the doctor know hisservices were no longer needed.Meanwhile, the boys were in a ferment. The excitement caused by DonBosco's promise {of a personal strenna] defies description. How slowly thehours dragged that night of December 31 and all the next day. How eagerlythe youngsters awaited evening to hear what their good father had to tellthem. At last, night prayers were over and the boys, perfectly silent, stoodwaiting for Don Bosco. He mounted the little platform and unveiled themystery, saying, "The strenna I am about to give you is not my own. Whatwould you say if the Madonna Herself were to come in person and saysomething to each one of you —if She Herself had prepared a little note foreach of you to tell you what you most need or what She desires from you?Well, that's exactly what has happened. The Madonna gives a strenna to eachof you!"At the very outset, though, I must lay down a few conditions. The first isthat you keep this within this house, lest I be embarrassed. Secondly, you arefree to believe it or not. If you do not believe it, tear up your note and forgetit, but do not joke about it in the least. Above all, be wary of making fun of it."I foresee that some will want to know more and will ask, 'How did thishappen? Did the Madonna write the notes Herself? Did She speak to DonBosco in person? Is Don Bosco Our Lady's secretary?' I shall not add anythingto what I have already said. I myself wrote the notes, but I am not free todisclose how it all came about. Nor should anyone take it upon himself toquestion me, for this would place me in a very awkward position. Be satisfiedwith the assurance that each note comes from Our Lady."It's an amazing thing! For several years I have been praying for643Ibid., p. 632. [Editor]Ibid., pp. 282f. [Editor]In Italy the main meal was—and still is—taken at noon. [Editor]
A Wondrous Experience3this grace and have at last obtained it. Let each of you, then, take this advice ascoming from Our Lady's very lips. Come, therefore, to my room and I shall giveeach of you your note. Read it, share it with a friend of yours perhaps, or tear itup after reading it if you want to, but, please, beware of making fun of it."I urge you, though, to save your note very carefully, because I am notpermitted to keep a copy. I assure you that I have no idea of what is written oneach slip or for whom they are intended. I wrote each in a register beside yournames. I shall cut out the messages and keep only the names. If anyone loses orforgets his strenna, that's the end of it. No one will know a thing about it. Sinceit will take me some time to give out these messages, I shall start tonight withthe priests, clerics, and lay Sa1esians.6Pleasant dreams to all!"Those mentioned followed Don Bosco to his room and that evening orthe next received the first of those precious New Year's messages. JohnBonetti's 7 read as follows: "Increase the number of My sons." He atonce recorded it in his chronicle, adding: "My loving Mother, alongwith this dear advice, give me also the means to carry it out. Grant megrace to succeed in this and to be included among Your sons."What then had actually happened that memorable night? What hadDon Bosco seen? We have attentively examined the register whichDon Bosco mentioned and which is kept in our archives. It is a thickold folio ledger in which Don Bosco used to jot down miscellaneousmemos in no particular order. Here and there we first noted paymentsof board and tuition fees and dis bursements to Oratory suppliersduring 1853, 1854, and 1855;6 At this time the non-clerical members of the Salesian Congregation were not yet called"coadjutors." [Editor]7 Bonetti (1838-1891) entered the Oratory as a student in 1855. From 1858 to 1863 hekept an extensive chronicle of Oratory events concerning Don Bosco. (See Vol. VI, p.283) In 18.59 he was one of the group of young men who banded with Don Bosco toform the Salesian Society. At their first meeting he was elected to its [Superior]Chapter. In 1864 he was ordained a priest. A prolific writer, he also authored numerousbagiographical, ascetical, polemical, and Salesian publications. An important work ofhis is History of the First Twenty-Five Years of the Oratory—one of the sources of theseBiographical Memoirs. (See p. x) In 1886 he was elected Spiritual Director of the wholeSalesian Congregation. He died in that post at the age of fifty-three, fulfilling DonBosco's prophecy that Father Bonetti would be the first member of the Superior Chapterto follow him to the grave. !Editor]
4THE BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF SAINT JOHN BOSCOthen, conduct and study habits grades of many boarders, both studentsand artisans, over a period of years, and the reasons for the dismissal ofsome; finally, the roster of the Oratory pupils from 1853 through 1858.There was no list at all of pupils from 1859 through 18 62.After examining this ledger, one may reasonably reconstruct whattook place, even though it could not be pried out of Don Bosco. He musthave been sitting at his desk before midnight; a sudden apparition and acommand must have made him grab the closest copybook. He then wroteoffhand, under dictation, the names of all the Oratory boys and residentsin no particular alphabetical order. Next to each name he also wrote thecorresponding message, fitting both into one single line. These singlelines filled more than twenty pages, each on one side of the sheet, notconsecutively inasmuch as some pages had already been either fully orpartially written on. In all, there were five hundred and seventy-threesentences, maxims, or admonitions—whatever one wants to call them—about things to be done or avoided. They were terse, varied, and suitedto each individual, offering either encouragement or a reprimand. Tothink out so many messages—so personal and so suited—in a singlenight was no easy task. We may well call it an impossible task.Obviously, though it was Don Bosco's hand that wrote, someone else'smind dictated. As we shall see, some messages revealed secrets whichcaused their receivers serious concern.Furthermore, something strange occurred in those days. A couple ofdays elapsed between Don Bosco's announcement of such anextraordinary strenna and the complete delivery of all the messages.During this interval, two unscrupulous boys (as Don Bosco repeatedly toldus) schemed to sneak into his room when he was out, seize the register,and search for anything concerning them or at least read the messagesbefore they were given out. Was it mischief, curiosity, or perhaps just thedesire to know their companions' secrets for the sake of a little fun?Whatever the answer, the youngsters succeeded in getting at the register.Eagerly they turned its pages over and over, but to their amazement eachpage was perfectly blank. Frustrated, they returned the book to its place.Later, Don Bosco told all the assembled boys that God had
A Wondrous Experience5punished those two mischievous lads. Father Joachim Berto heard himconfirm this story years later.The boys meanwhile, not without a certain trepidation, hastened to DonBosco's room to pick up their strenna. The impression wasoverwhelming, and the good effects defy description. During those days,some were beside themselves with joy, others looked pensive, while stillothers cried or kept to themselves. Some did show their strenna tofriends; others jealously guarded theirs.The cleric Dominic Ruffino 9 tried to collect as many as he could inorder to copy them and save them for posterity. Forty-eight boysobliged, but with few exceptions the remaining five hundred and twenty five either were not asked or preferred to keep their strenna a secret.Surely, these must have contained the most characteristic and mostpointed messages threatening evils or revealing secrets of conscience. Acontinuous stream of boys going to confession was the first effect of thisstrenna.We shall now report the messages which were collected and saved. For thesake of discretion, some will be anonymous.Father Alasonatti: With patience and courage you will increase thenumber of My sons.Rua: In your spiritual needs put your trust in Me.Durando: The world plans to attack you.Provera: With kindness you will gain Me many sons.Dassano: The world is filling your heart with clay.s Father Berto (1847-1914) entered the Oratory in 1862, joined the Salesian Societyin 1865, and was ordained a priest in 1871. While Berto was still a clerical student, DonBosco made him his secretary—a post he retained for the next twenty years. During thistime he accompanied Don Bosco on his most important trips to Rome and Fl
In the compilation of The Biographical Memoirs of St. John Bosco, Father Lemoyne's primary sources were the Memorie dell'Oratorio dal 1835 al 1855 (Memoirs of the Oratory from 1835 to 1855) written by Don Bosco himself, the diaries and chronicles of various Salesians who daily recorded what Don Bosco said or did, numerous letters of the Saint,
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