THE SCRUM FRAMEWORK
THE SCRUMFRAMEWORKTRAINING BOOKTHIRD EDITIONBY INTERNATIONAL SCRUM INSTITUTE www.scrum-institute.org COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL SCRUM INSTITUTE
DedicationTo all of the International Scrum Institute students, thank you forinspiring us, keeping us focused, and making sure we do our best to helpyou grow in your career with your skills and knowhow.Without you, your engagement and your loyal support, InternationalScrum Institute could not come where it is today.
TABLE OF CONTENTSCLICKABLEWELCOME .7ABOUT INTERNATIONAL SCRUM INSTITUTE .10What is Scrum? .13AGILE MANIFESTO .17self-organization .18inspect and adapt .19five key values of the scrum framework.20Introduction to Scrum - A Real World Example (Case Study) .25THREE ELEMENTS OF CHAOS AND FRUSTRATION BEFORE THE SCRUM FRAMEWORK .30frustration #1. We Had to Plan Our Entire Project Before We Understood WhatThe Project Was All About .32
frustration #2. Lack of Commitment, Change Management, and WorkingTogether Disciples Among Different Teams .36frustration #3. Autocratic Decisions Overruled Democratic Decisions .40What Makes the Scrum Framework Succeed? .42Scrum Roles - The Scrum Team .44The Scrum Master role .51THE Scrum Product Owner ROLE .55THE SCRUM TEAM MEMBER ROLE .57How does the Scrum Framework work without a Project Manager? .58Scrum User Stories .59Scrum Effort Estimations – Planning Poker .60Definition of Done (DoD) .63The Scrum Product Backlog .64The Sprint Backlog .70What is a Sprint? .72
Scrum Burndown Chart .74Sprint Burndown ChaRT (sprint burndown report).77Sprint Planning Meeting .78Daily Scrum Meeting / Daily Stand-up Meeting .80Sprint Review Meeting.82Sprint Retrospective Meeting .83SCRUM GROOMING (BACKLOG REFINEMENT) MEETING .84Scaled Scrum FRAMEWORK (Distributed & Large Scrum Projects) .85Scaled Scrum FRAMEWORK (Multi-Team Coordination & Planning) .97Scrum Release Planning .102NEXT STEPS .106Thank you .112
WELCOMEHi! My name is Yeliz.First of all, thank you very much for gettingyour copy of The Scrum Framework. I lovethat you are taking the time to read it.I want to briefly share with you the backstory ofwhy we wanted to write this book for you andhow you can get the best use out of it.Within the context of our Scrum training andScrum certification programs, we did thoroughresearch in the Scrum education space.The conclusion was: We failed to find onesingle reliable study book, we could sincerelyrecommend to our students!We surveyed and talked to our successfulstudents who have successfully passed theirScrum certification exams, and we found out aremarkable and yet indisputable piece ofinformation.Almost none of the Scrum books in the marketdid help them learn Scrum and make a smoothbeginning to deploy and profit with the ScrumFramework. They did end up with literally zeroreturn on investment. Both for their professionalobjectives as individuals and the financial goalsof their organizations.A significant number of Scrum books in themarketplace claim that they cover all details ofthe Scrum process. However, what they are nottelling is that: They don't have a logical, to-thepoint, and digestible structure, and time-testedand proven contents.So these books were unable to help our studentscomprehend and most importantly love Scrum!In summary, to remove this significantimpediment in the Scrum learning space, wetook the liability to write for you The ScrumFramework and brought it to your service!7
We are absolutely confident that The ScrumFramework will make you proficient in theScrum process and its practical use in yourcareer and businesses.It already seems to me that you're a person whois keen on adding new skills to your toolbox.Otherwise, you wouldn't be reading thesesentences today.So you will have an unprecedented opportunityto love Scrum and keep on taking the tangiblebenefits of being a Scrum professional whoknows how Scrum should work.I am delighted that you're giving us your timeand attention to learn Scrum. Let me assure youthat we'll never take this responsibility lightly. It'sour duty, obligation, and at the same time, ourpleasure to accompany you on your journey tolearn Scrum.Take some coffee to enjoy and some paper totake your notes, and spend some quiet timeto read The Scrum Framework!Afterward, you will have a great understanding ofthe Scrum domain and be prepared to pass yourScrum certification exams.You will be ready to deliver great products andservices to your clients and employers and tobuild your bright career and future!You can count on me whenever you may needany help. I will be always pleased to assistand serve you!Thank you very much again for your trust in ourservices and engaging with The Scrum Framework today!Yeliz ObergfellVice President - Student ExperienceInternational Scrum Institute https://www.scrum-institute.org8
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ABOUT INTERNATIONAL SCRUM INSTITUTE International Scrum Institute is an independentinstitute. We help organizations and professionals get certified with worldwide renownedand valid Scrum certification programs and provetheir competence in the Scrum domain. Weempower professionals globally to build theircareers, and organizations to create and sell theiroutstanding products and services that theirclients will love.Your renowned Scrum certification programshave proven their worldwide recognition bybeing the choice of more than 594,000 Scrumprofessionals in 143 countries.The term "Scrum" was first used and publishedby Harvard Business Review in January 1986.Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka coined theterm "Scrum" with their article: The New NewProduct Development Game. So, the Scrumprocess was initially meant to be an open projectmanagement framework.Nonetheless, things didn't work like that. TheScrum process has been heavily commercialized.Worst of all, Scrum has been subtly dogmatized,so it has started contradicting its very own"inspect and adapt" spirit which you will laterlearn more about it in this book. Professionalsand organizations have wasted enormousamounts of training, certification, and thenrecertification fees for literally zero return on investment.Before International Scrum Institute wasestablished for you, there used to be pressingchallenges for Scrum professionals likeyourself.You didn't possess a reasonable alternative to getyour Scrum certifications and prove your competence in the Scrum domain. Scrum professionalshad to pay expensive fees for the one way profitdriven Scrum certification programs of othercertification entities. Moreover, they had to payhefty prices for classroom training, recurring10
certification renewals, and various additionalrecurring subscriptions and memberships.International Scrum Institute aims toremove these barriers set in front of theScrum professionals in developed andemerging markets. We are here to save youfrom paying unreasonable fees for Scrumclassroom training and Scrum certificationprograms before you certify your knowhow inScrum.International Scrum Institute provides tenmajor online Scrum certification programs. Theseprograms have been designed by our consortiumof renowned business and people leaders,coaches, mentors, experts, and authorities fromall major industries.Here is an overview of our Scrum certificationprograms we have created for you: Scrum Master Accredited Certification Scrum Product Owner Accredited Certification Scaled Scrum Expert Accredited Certification Agile Scrum Leadership (Executive) Accredited Certification Scrum Trainer Accredited Certification Scrum Coach Accredited Certification Scrum Team Member Accredited Certification Scrum Certification for Web Developer Scrum Certification for Mobile App Developer Scrum Certification for Java Developer Moreover, feel free to check out the articlesspecified below to read why we perform andserve you far better than our competitors. Featured on LinkedIn with Hundreds ofLikes: Scrum Master Certification MadeEconomical: Step-by-Step Plan 8 Reasons Why International ScrumInstitute Serves You Far More Better ThanIts Competitors!11
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What is Scrum?What is Scrum? Well, without making things toocomplicated, the Scrum framework can bedefined as the following:Scrum is an iterative software engineeringprocess to develop and deliver software.Although the software is the main focus of theScrum framework, iterative and agile Scrumprocess can be and is already being appliedoutside the software industry as well.Most people in the IT industry believe that theterm "Scrum" was coined early in the 2000s as aparallel track of emerging agile softwaredevelopment and delivery trends. That is a pieceof incorrect information!The term "Scrum" was first used and publishedby Harvard Business Review in January 1986.Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka coined theterm "Scrum" with their article: The New NewProduct Development Game. (Yes, two News)You should have a look at "The New New ProductDevelopment Game" to see how everything allabout Scrum got started!Scrum can be used in all kinds of softwaredevelopment projects. To develop and delivercomplete software packages or only somemodules of larger systems — both for productsand services of internal and external clients.The Scrum Framework is a lightweight process. It focuses on increasing the productivityof teams while reducing wastes and redundant activities.Scrum defines some general guidelines with afew rules, roles, artifacts, and events. Nevertheless, all of these components are critical, servefor specific purposes, and they are essential forthe successful use of the Scrum framework.13
Overview of the Scrum FrameworkThe main components of Scrum frameworkare: Three Scrum Roles: The Scrum ProductOwner, the Scrum Team, and the ScrumMaster. Five Scrum Events (Scrum Rituals) orCeremonies: Scrum Grooming (BacklogRefinement) Meeting, Sprint Planning Meeting,Daily Scrum Meeting, Sprint Review Meeting,and Sprint Retrospective Meeting. Product Backlog (Scrum Backlog) or ScrumProduct Backlog: An artifact that is used tomanage and prioritize all of the knownrequirements of a Scrum project. Sprints: Cycles of work activities to developshippable software product or service increments. Sprint Backlog: An artifact to keep track ofrequirements committed by the Scrum teamsfor a given Sprint.14
Self-organization and unconditional collaboration are critical elements of the Scrumframework. Scrum Teams do no longer require aproject manager in a classical sense. With theScrum framework, the Scrum Master and theScrum Product Owner share the role andresponsibilities of a typical project manager.Nonetheless, a Scrum Master or a Scrum Productis never allowed to overrule the democraticdecision-making capability of a Scrum Team. Forinstance, only the Scrum team members canjointly commit which ones of highly prioritizedBacklog items they will deliver in a Sprint as asoftware increment.Another central element with the Scrumframework is the continuous improvementthat we enable with "inspect & adapt". AScrum Team continuously monitors, inspects,and assesses their artifacts and their use ofScrum framework to adapt and optimize them.These continuous efforts for optimizationmaximize quality, efficiency, client satisfaction,and therefore minimize wastes and overallproject risks.The Scrum framework understands that therequirements are likely to change and they arenot entirely known, especially at the beginning ofprojects.Every project has unknown unknowns.Sometimes a few, sometimes a lot. The Scrumframework helps us embrace that we candiscover and deal with these unknown unknownsonly while we are running our projects.The Scrum Team first fine-tunes and granularizesthe lower-level or low priority requirementsbefore it implements them. During ScrumGrooming (Backlog Refinement) and Sprint Planning Meetings. Openness for change, continuousoptimization, and learning from errors are nowbecoming integral elements of the wholesoftware engineering lifecycle.Another cornerstone of the Scrum frameworkis transparency and direct communication.The Scrum Product Owner works closely with theScrum Team to identify and prioritize requirements. These requirements are written down asuser stories and stored in the Scrum Product15
Backlog. The Scrum Product Backlog consists ofall tasks that need to be implemented to delivera working software system successfully.A Scrum Team is empowered to select the userstories with which they are confident to deliverwithin the 2-4 weeks of Sprints. Because theScrum Team commits its own goals, the teammembers feel more engaged, and they know thattheir opinions are listened to. This inclusion ofScrum team members to the natural flow andplanning of software projects increases the teammorale and subsequently augments the teamperformance.Scrum Masters possess another vital role inthe Scrum Framework as they work asservant leaders for and with their ScrumTeams.Scrum Masters are trained facilitators to ensureflawless operation of their Scrum Teams.Sometimes they are master negotiators toprotect their Scrum Teams from interruptionsand fictive priorities of their stakeholders. Othertimes they are master communicators to removeor prevent known or anticipated impedimentsbefore these impediments bring their teams todead-end streets. To only call a few of theresponsibilities of Scrum Masters. We will covermore about the duties of various Scrum roleslater.The Scrum Framework, in its pure form, isbest suitable for highly independent, oneteam greenfield or brownfield projects.However, the practical common sense of Scrumprofessionals did not stop there. With theintroduction of additional roles and addendumssuch as "Chief Scrum Product Owner" and"Scaled Scrum", it can be used within differentproject configurations too, including multi-teamand geographically distributed project setups. Wewill cover more about these as well.For now stay tuned and keep on enjoying thelecture!16
AGILE MANIFESTOAgile manifesto values:When the IT industry talks about the Scrumframework, It's also often we hear the term "AgileScrum" along the same lines as "Scrum". It ledsome of us in the industry to think and look fordifferences between the terms "Agile Scrum" and"Scrum". Individuals and interactions over processesand tools, Working software over comprehensivedocumentation, Customer collaboration over contractnegotiation, Responding to change over following a plan.Here is good news for you. "Agile Scrum" and"Scrum" terms do both refer to the samething. They both refer to the Scrum softwareengineering process. Then why do we sometimes use the word "Agile" in front "Scrum"?While the factors on the right-hand side do stillpossess significant values, the agile manifestoappreciates and prioritizes the factors on the lefthand side higher.It's because the scrum framework fully embracedand embedded the Agile Manifesto (Manifestofor Agile Software Development) to its coreprocess, principles, and underlying philosophy.That brings us to understand the agile manifestoand the values of the scrum process betterbefore we deep-dive the technicalities of thescrum process.The elements favored by the agile manifestohave been carefully time-tested and chosento: Serve clients and stakeholders better andcreate value for them with software, Enhance the profession of softwareengineering regardless of your role, title, andcareer level.17
self-organizationSelf-organization requires compliance and trustin joint decision-making processes.The scrum team organizes itself. Scrum teammembers decide in consensus about tasks theyneed to execute to deliver the goals of a sprint. Aself-organized team doesn't require a manageror a team leader.Those decision-making process in the scrumframework includes, but not limited to, planning,estimating, implementing, reporting, and reviewing the work the scrum team is jointly responsible.Self-organization in the scrum framework isvery disciplined.Sprint Backlog, Sprint Burndown Chart, andDaily Scrum Meetings which you are going tolearn more about them later in this materialbuild the foundation of self-organization.Organizing the work by themselves requires forthe most teams a learning phase. Competentscrum masters who own scrum master certifications support their scrum teams to excel withself-organization quickly.Self-organization also includes the ability to worktogether despite different opinions and possibleconflicts among various scrum team members.Yes? Then you need to bring up a team thatcan self-organize its own work!18
inspect and adaptScrum Inspect and Adapt is a straightforwardconcept to comprehend, but the hardest toproperly implement and master.Companies have finally confirmed that noneof their project managers can fully foreseethe big picture of complex systems. They wereunable to do reliable end-to-end planning. Itwas evident for them that they needed to trysomething different.Together with lean manufacturing (also known aslean movement), companies needed to develop aprocess to empower them strategically. Theyneeded a standard operating procedure to helpthem learn and fix their courses of action whilethey're running their projects and even operations.That was the birth of Toyota Impro
Scrum framework, the Scrum Master and the Scrum Product Owner share the role and responsibilities of a typical project manager. Nonetheless, a Scrum Master or a Scrum Product is never allowed to overrule the democratic decision-making capability of a Scrum Team. For instance, only the Scrum team members can
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This Scrum and Scrum Master Guide is a free, quick reference material designed to help aspiring scrum masters discover the ins and outs of Scrum. It throws light on the fundamental principles of the scrum, scrum terminologies, Agile Manifesto, scrum theories, scrum tools, different roles, responsibilities, and more. SCRUM & SCRUM MASTER
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enacted. Scrum Masters do this by ensuring that the Scrum Team adheres to Scrum theory, practices, and rules. The Scrum Master is a servant-leader for the Scrum Team. The Scrum Master helps those outside the Scrum Team understand which of their interactions with the
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