PSIM And MATLAB Co-Simulation Of Photovoltaic System Using "P And O .

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(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,Vol. 7, No. 8, 2016PSIM and MATLAB Co-Simulation of PhotovoltaicSystem using ―P and O‖ and ―IncrementalConductance‖ MPPTANAS EL FILALIEL MEHDI LAADISSIMALIKA ZAZILaboratory LM2PI, ENSET,Mohamed V UniversityRabat, MoroccoLaboratory LM2PI, ENSET,Mohamed V UniversityRabat, MoroccoLaboratory LM2PI, ENSET,Mohamed V UniversityRabat, MoroccoAbstract—The photovoltaic (PV) generator shows a nonlinearcurrent-voltage (I-V) characteristic that its maximum powerpoint (MPP) differs with irradiance and temperature. byemploying simple maximum power point tracking algorithms, wecan track this MPP and increase the efficiency of ourphotovoltaic system. Two methods for the maximum power pointtracking (MPPT) of a photovoltaic system under variabletemperature and insolation conditions are discussed in this work:Incremental Conductance compared to conventional trackingalgorithm (P&O).In this paper, a new modeling solution is presented, using cosimulation between a specialist modeling tool called PSIM andthe popular Matlab software using simcoupler module. Cosimulation is carried out by implementing the MPPT commandcircuits in PSIM and PV panel, boost DC-DC converter andbattery in MATLAB/Simulink.Keywords—Photovoltaic; Boost; PWM; MPPT; P and O;Incremental Conductance; co-simulationI.INTRODUCTIONPhotovoltaic power generation is nonpolluting, widedistribution and promising renewable energy. But there aremany problems to be solved in the development process, andthe energy efficiency is one of the key points. PV panel is anonlinear source that converts visible light into direct current(DC), it is influenced by irradiation and temperature in itsoperation. The PV panel characteristic presents an optimaloperation point called the maximum power point (MPP) thatallows the panel to generate maximum power. Maximumpower point tracking (MPPT) is the process of finding thispoint and keeping the operation there.]characterized by a friendly simulation environment andpowerful waveform processing.The rest of the paper is sorted out as follows: Section 2presents a description of modeling the PV panel and coverstheory of boost dc–dc converter of the PV system. Section 3discuss on two MPPT algorithms P&O and InC in term oftheir structures and improvements. Simulation work includingthe results are discussed in Section 4. Finally, a simpleconclusion is given in Section 5.II.MODELING OF PV SYSTEM USING SIMULINKA photovoltaic cell that absorbs solar energy and convertsit into electricity, is basically a photoactive semiconductor PN junction diode. To increase the power obtained by the PVcell, we interconnect several PV cells, so that we get a PVpanel.Different configurations can be used to model PV cell suchas single diode model, two diode model [1], and 𝑅𝑠 -𝑅𝑝model. the single diode configuration of PV module has beenselected for this work due to degree of precision andsimplicity, and the majority of previous works used singlediode model [2].A. Mathematical Equations Related to PV ModelingThe basic solar cell equation is given by :(1)Where Id is the diode internal diffusion current which isdefined by:)(()(2)There are different techniques used to track the maximumpower point: Constant Voltage (CV) method, ConstantCurrent (CC) method Perturb & Observe (P&O), IncrementalConductance (InC) etc. In this paper, performances of twomost preferably used MPPT algorithms are compared: Perturb& observe and Incremental Conductance.Co-simulation tool is a very important tendency inelectronic simulation, that allows to rely on the merits of twopowerful environments in complementary way to improve theefficiency of a stand-alone photovoltaic system: Simulink as apowerful environment for system modeling and simulationand PSIM as a widely used software in many areas, and it isFig. 1. The equivalent circuit of PV cellThe I0 in the equation represents the dark saturationcurrent or diode saturation current:()(3)72 P a g ewww.ijacsa.thesai.org

(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,Vol. 7, No. 8, 2016B. Modeling the PV Panelspecifications of PV panel, made by Green light energycompany, are presented in Table 1.TABLE I.PV PANEL SPECIFICATIONSParametersOpen Circuit Voltage (Voc)Short Circuit Current (Isc)Voltage at Pmax (Vmpp)Current at Pmax (Impp)Maximum Power (Pmpp)Number of CellValues21.67 Volt3.14 Amp17.47 Volt2.86 Amp50 Watt36(b)Based on mathematical equations related to PV modeling,a complete Simulink block diagram of PV panel isdemonstrated in Fig 2.Fig. 3. (a) P-V characteristic of a PV panel (b) I-V characteristic of a PVpanel for changed temperatureTo test the validity of the PV model, we must havenonlinear characteristics. The figures below present the PVpanel characteristics under changing climatic conditions.Fig 3 shows the variation in the characteristics atvarious temperature when temperature shifts from 0 C to75 C and the irradiance is kept steady at 1000w/m², Then thetemperature is kept constant at 25 C while irradiance valuesvaries from 400w/m² to 1000w/m². The variation incharacteristics of the chose PV panel are presented in Fig 4.(a)(b)Fig. 4. (a) P-V characteristic of a PV panel (b) I-V characteristic of a PVpanel for changed irradianceFig. 2. simulation model of PV panelC. DC-DC Boost ConverterDC-DC converters are employed for the transmission ofthe power of PV panel to battery side guaranteeing thatmaximum power has been transmitted which make use ofMPPT [3]. The regulation is typically accomplished by pulsewidth modulation (PWM) that attacks the switching devicewhich can be Bipolar power transistor or MOSFET; it dependson switching speed, voltage and current. The used battery hasa nominal voltage of 24V, thus we use Boost dc-dc converterto increase dc voltage. Fig 5 shows the structure of boostconverter in the PV system.(a)73 P a g ewww.ijacsa.thesai.org

(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,Vol. 7, No. 8, 2016Fig. 5. Basic circuit of the boost converterThe main role of the MPPT is to regulate the duty cycle ofthe boost converter to achieve maximum power.III.MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING ALGORITHMA. Perturb and Observe MethodP&O method is commonly used in PV systems. Based onthe P-V characteristic, when PV power and voltage areexpanding, a perturbation will add a step size ΔD with theduty cycle D, so as to create next cycle of perturbation and todrive the operating point moving toward the MPP. On the offchance that the PV power drops and PV voltage rises, thealgorithm will work in the opposite way, until the algorithmreaches the MPP. This algorithm is not appropriate in highvariation of the solar irradiation. The voltage oscillates aroundthe maximum power point (MPP) and never reaches a precisevalue.The biggest advantage of P&O method is the easyimplementation and simple to code it using cheapdigital devices besides ensuring high robustness. However,this method presents oscillations around the MPP and itsuffers when subjected to rapid irradiation change. [4] [5] [6][7] [8].Fig. 7. model of P&O MPPT in PSIMB. Incremental conductance methodThis algorithm perturbs the voltage in one direction. If thesign of the derivative of the power dP/dV is positive, thealgorithm will increase the voltage; else, it will decrease thevoltage [9].InC method is concluded from the differentiation of powerwith respect to voltage, due to this fact that this value inmaximum power point is equal to zero.()(4)(5)Fig 6 and Fig 7 present the flowchart and the main circuitfor P&O algorithm developed in PSIM environment(6)Besides,is called instantaneous conductance andis incremental conductance, the place where these twovalues are equal the MPP will be there.Figures below show the flowchart of IncrementalConductance algorithm (Fig 8) and the mains circuitdeveloped in PSIM environment (Fig 9)Fig. 6. flowchart of P&O algorithm74 P a g ewww.ijacsa.thesai.org

(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,Vol. 7, No. 8, 2016Fig. 10. Simcoupler blockFig. 11. Model of PV SystemFig. 8. flowchart of Incremental Conductance algorithmTo generate pulse for controlled switch Mosfet of DC/DCboost converter, the output of PI controller is compared withcarrier wave (Fig 7 and Fig 9)Simulink Model of PV System with MPPT that is used forsimulations is depicted in Fig 11The figures below present the variation of the power of themodule with P&O and InC controllers in standard atmosphericconditions (1000W/m2, 25 C) using waveforms provided bySIMULINK and PSIM software.Fig. 9. model of InC MPPT in PSIMIV.SIMULATION RESULTSIn this paper, an additional module to the PSIM softwarecalled Simcoupler, will be used, permitting for co-simulationbetween PSIM and SIMULINK. This module is easy to useand gives a quick simulation and waveform display in bothPSIM and SIMULINK as shown in Fig 12 and Fig14.(a)To achieve this co-simulation, there are three modules asshown in Fig10. In PSIM, SLINK IN module gets signal fromSIMULINK and SLINK OUT yield signal to SIMULINK. InSIMULINK, SimCoupler model block, interconnects withother part through input and output port. So that we can usethe capability of two powerful softwares in complementaryway.PI controller is used to eliminate the steady state errorobtained as a result of comparison between the PV panelvoltage and the varied voltage value. a limiter placed at theoutput of PI controller to avoid over saturation.(b)Fig. 12. Performances of P&O and InC under standard atmosphericconditions (a) Simulink (b) PSIM75 P a g ewww.ijacsa.thesai.org

(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,Vol. 7, No. 8, 2016MPP‘s line which causes waste of power while in the InCthere is no such oscillations.Finally, despite of the general better performances of theInC algorithm presented in this paper, the simplicity of theP&O MPPT makes it largely used according to the facility toimplement in most applications.V.CONCLUSIONThe simulation results demonstrate that the P&O and theIncremental Conductance MPPTs reach the expected MPP.Fig. 13. Step variation of irradianceTo evaluate and compare the performances of the P&Oand InC MPPT algorithms, we did a simulation test in whichthe PV panel is exposed to a variation in irradiance as shownin Fig 13.The first level is set at G 1000 w/m². At t 0.05 sec, theirradiance is rapidly stepped down to G 400 w/m², and thenit is stepped up to 800 w/m² at t 0.1 sec. The temperature iskept constant at 25 C all along diverse irradiance levels.The output power of the PV panel using the twoalgorithms is presented inn Fig 14.(a)(b)Fig. 14. Performances of P&O and InC under a rapid change in climaticconditions (a) Simulink (b) PSIMBy analyzing the figure, we can conclude that the InCstarts to track the MPP little more quickly than P&O. Thezoomed in window shows that P&O oscillates all over theP&O and InC algorithms are both concluded from thederivative of power with voltage, however, results show somedifferences in the tracking performances of the two algorithmsunder both stagnant and variable conditions. It has observedthat the Incremental Conductance reaches at the MPP littlefaster than P&O in all cases and shows better performance forfast irradiance changes and a better steadiness when the MPPis attained. It has observed that P&O oscillates all over theMPP‘s line which causes waste of power while in the InCthere is no such oscillations.REFERENCESIshaque, K., Salam, Z., Amjad, M., & Mekhilef, S. (2012). An improvedparticle swarm optimization (PSO)–based MPPT for PV with reducedsteady-state oscillation. IEEE transactions on Power Electronics, 27(8),3627-3638.],[2] Huan-Liang Tsai, Ci-Siang Tu, and Yi-Jie Su ―Development ofGeneralized Photovoltaic Model Using MATLAB/SIMULINK‖Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and ComputerScience 2008 WCECS 2008, October 22 - 24, 2008, San Francisco,USA[3] Bennett, T., Zilouchian, A., Messenger, R.: ‗Photovoltaic model andconverter topology considerations for MPPT purposes‘, Sol. Energy,2012, 86, pp. 2029–2040.[4] Sera, D.; Kerekes, T.; Teodorescu, R.; Blaabjerg, F. Improved MPPTAlgorithms for Rapidly Changing Environmental Conditions. InProceedings of Power Electronics and Motion Control, Portoroz,Slovenia, 30 August–1 September 2006; pp. 1614–1619[5] Katherine A. Kim and Philip T. Krein, ―Photovoltaic Converter ModuleConfigurations for Maximum Power Point Operation‖, University ofIllinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 USA.[6] Liu X., Lopes L.A.C.: ―An improved perturbation and observationmaximum power point tracking algorithm for PV panels‖ PowerElectronics Specialists Conference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35thAnnual Volume 3, 20-25 June 2004 Pages: 2005 - 2010 Vol.3[7] Femia N., Petrone G., Spagnuolo G., Vitelli M.: ―Optimizing samplingrate of P&O MPPT technique‖ Power Electronics SpecialistsConference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Volume 3, 20-25June 2004 Pages: 1945 - 1949 Vol.3[8] Lian, K.L.; Jhang, J.H.; Tian, IS., "A Maximum Power Point TrackingMethod Based on Perturb-andObserve Combined With Particle SwarmOptimization," Photovoltaics, IEEE Journal of, vol.4, no.2,pp.626,633,March 2014[9] Kjaer, S. B. (2012). Evaluation of the ―hill climbing‖ and the―incremental conductance‖ maximum power point trackers forphotovoltaic power systems. Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on,27(4), 922-929[10] M. A. Elgendy, B. Zahawi, and David J. Atkinson, ―Assessment of theIncremental Conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm‖,IEEE Trans, vol. 4, no. 1, jan 2013[1]76 P a g ewww.ijacsa.thesai.org

Co-simulation tool is a very important tendency in electronic simulation, that allows to rely on the merits of two powerful environments in complementary way to improve the efficiency of a stand-alone photovoltaic system: Simulink as a powerful environment for system modeling and simulation

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