Application Of The Multiple Regression Method In Football Tactical Analysis
HindawiWireless Communications and Mobile ComputingVolume 2022, Article ID 3787086, 10 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3787086Research ArticleApplication of the Multiple Regression Method in FootballTactical AnalysisLing Xin and Yan-wei XuSchool of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029 Liaoning, ChinaCorrespondence should be addressed to Yan-wei Xu; xyw3218@lnnu.edu.cnReceived 2 March 2022; Revised 26 March 2022; Accepted 28 March 2022; Published 20 April 2022Academic Editor: Mohammad Farukh HashmiCopyright 2022 Ling Xin and Yan-wei Xu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work isproperly cited.Aiming at the unreasonable problem of current football tactical analysis, this paper studies the application method of the multipleregression method in football tactical analysis. Build a football tactical rehearsal model, optimize player information and tacticalanalysis management functions, and analyze football player status. Using the multiple regression method to choose theappropriate position of the players, make the football attack and defense plan. At the same time, the application of themultiple regression method to the analysis of football tactics can better select the optimal tactical plan, to ensure the rationalityof football tactical selection.1. IntroductionFor football players, the purpose of training is to improvetheir comprehensive literacy, so as to obtain better performance in the process of competition. In addition to thephysical quality and professional quality of football players,football tactical analysis is extremely important. The composition of football tactical analysis is relatively complex, whichis a comprehensive manifestation of physical fitness, technical ability, and intelligence [1], and plays an important rolein achieving training goals, correcting training deviations,and improving training and game strategies. For competitivefootball, the real goal of the game is to win, which is not onlya test for football players but also a test for football coaches.Football coaches need to formulate appropriate tactics forfootball players according to the situation. Under the influence of many factors such as game strategies, tactics, teammates, venues, opponents, and climate, the performance ofgame tactics is often in dynamic changes. Traditional gamedata such as tackles, ball possession, passing, and distancerun can provide a lot of specific information, but it is difficult to provide clues about the final outcome of the game.Tactics are the key to winning a football match [2]. The traditional football tactical analysis will use the symbolic analy-sis method to analyze the event data and sports behaviorssuch as passing, ball control, and ball grabbing in the game,so as to formulate an appropriate winning play, but it is difficult to analyze the information in the field. The applicationeffect of traditional football tactical analysis is often notgood. A high level of tactical ability is very important to afootball player’s performance in the game. With the progressof player tracking technology and the use of advanced computer technology to collect data, the quality of the game datahas met the requirements of football tactical analysis, whichhas promoted the development of football tactical analysismethods. In particular, the position data can accuratelyreflect the position of each player and the ball, which willhelp to identify tactical patterns in football matches [3]. Traditional location data can only provide big data with a singlespatial model, but in the context of big data, football tacticalanalysis needs to integrate detailed data from multiple different sources, so this method also cannot meet the tacticalrequirements of modern football players.It can be seen from the comprehensive research statusthat there are few research results on the analysis of footballtactics at present. Most of them are limited in theory andfocus on the analysis of factors affecting football matches,which has certain limitations. This paper introduces
2regression methods and deep learning techniques into football tactical analysis, trying to comprehensively describe theresearch landscape in the field of football tactical analysis, aswell as the internal connections and development trends ofthese studies. This paper firstly creates a football tacticalrehearsal model according to the state of the team and opponents and uses big data technology to conduct multilevelorganizational analysis of football tactics, process the data,and then collect data according to statistical indicators andconduct football tactics based on multiple regression algorithms. And finally let the players form a football tacticaltraining awareness and complete the football tactical analysis. Finally, the superiority of this research method compared with comparison method is verified by experiments.2. Application of the Multiple RegressionMethod in Football Tactical Analysis2.1. Football Tactical Rehearsal Model. In order to ensure thesuccessful implementation of tactics at all levels, coachesneed to consider the status of the team and opponents, aswell as external factors such as home and away games andeven the weather [4]. In order to achieve a specific goal,the team needs to use a predesigned spatial tactical formation as a tactic, and the coach needs to understand the proportion of time the team’s tactical formation remainsconsistent and under what circumstances the team is forcedto change the tactical formation. It is also important tounderstand the use of tactical formation and the changingperiod of tactical formation when preparing for the competition with future opponents [5]. The tactical formation isthe position of the player on the field, representing the position relative to other objects. In space, the tactical formation,that is to say, the specific position of the player in the gamearea, can be fixed. Spatially, the tactical formation maychange but keep the relative direction between the playersstable or the total movement of the defensive line on thepitch. According to the actual needs of tactical design andrehearsal in football training, teaching, and competition,football tactical rehearsal includes login module, rapid tactical formation layout module, tactical design and rehearsalmodule, export tactical map module, battle recording andplayback module, tactical management module, responsetactical module, and player management [6]. Figure 1 showsthe functional requirements of the football tactical rehearsalmodel.Players who play a specific role in a tactical formationcan clearly change roles through replacement, or they candynamically change roles according to tactical needs [7]. Inshort, football tactical analysis can be described as the resultof a complex process, which includes strategic decisionsmade before the game and tactical behaviors executed at different organizational levels in the process of the game [8].According to the research results of football special theory,this paper expounds the classification results of footballmatch tactical knowledge and football basic skills, whichcan be divided into individual tactics, group tactics, andteam tactics. The results of hierarchical division of tacticalknowledge in football games are shown in Table 1.Wireless Communications and Mobile ComputingTactical variables are usually related to the position, distance, space, and numerical relationship of players. Theposition coordinates of players are the basis of tactical analysis [9]. From the perspective of mathematics, the player’scourt position can be accurately determined by the multipleregression method (x coordinate and y coordinate). Throughthe collected data, the game space-time pattern generatedfrom the game dynamics can provide new information aboutthe analysis of football tactics. In practical application, location coordinates can be used as a form of data visualizationto generate heat map or point map [10]. This can be usedto understand the characteristic movement patterns of individuals, group players, or a team. Here, the positions of allplayers are displayed in real time in the form of XY coordinates. The obtained data is called position data or trackingdata. On the one hand, the evaluation of location data willhave obvious speed advantages. On the other hand, compared with event data, location data is large, diverse, andaccurate, which can provide detailed data sets for sportsvisualization researchers [11]. Visualization is not only thekey technology of data analysis but also the key technologyof data analysis result presentation. Location data can beused not only to formulate, describe, and understand teamperformance indicators of game dynamics but also toexplore dynamic patterns before key events, such as scoringopportunities and goals. The evaluation indicators of tacticaldrills based on location data are shown in Table 2.Multilevel organizational analysis of football tacticsshould be carried out using big data technology. In additionto video and observational data, the necessary infrastructureis required to collect physiological and tracking data. Inorder to ensure effective data storage and data access, it isnecessary to establish a processing path, extract relevantinformation from the data, and then combine the information to build interpretation and prediction models [12]. Allthese processing levels need reporting and visualizationfunctions to monitor different processing steps andexchange results. The main purpose of establishing the multiple regression method is to combine the information fromdifferent fields, so as to draw a conclusion about the performance of the game, that is to say, the performance of individuals and teams [13]. Therefore, before the multipleregression method becomes a feasible method for footballresearch, the problem of data management must be solved.In terms of data analysis, we should seek cooperation basedsolutions among research institutions as far as possible andintroduce the necessary computer expertise into the field offootball research.2.2. Analysis and Evaluation Algorithm of Football TacticsBased on Multiple Regression. The first step of football tactical analysis and evaluation based on multiple regression is tocollect data according to statistical indicators. According todifferent collection times, it can be divided into on-thespot collection and postgame collection. On-the-spot collection refers to the real-time collection of techniques and tactics during the competition of athletes [14]. The on-the-spotcollection of data indicators is less, and the amount of information reflected is also less, but the collection time is short,
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing3Tactical management moduleCoping tactics modulePlayback moduleRecording and playback moduleFootballtacticalrehearsalsystemRecording moduleExport tactical map moduleDraw lineTactical design and rehearsal moduleSelect colorFast array moduleLogin modulePlayer management moduleFigure 1: Functional requirements of the football tactical rehearsal model.Table 1: Hierarchical division results of tactical knowledge in football matches.ArrangementPersonaltacticsContentBasic requirementsOffensive and defensiveprincipleApplication of basictechnologyPosition selectionProtectUnderstand the rules and requirements of tactical behavior in football matchesMaster the tactical requirements of basic technologies such as transmission, receiving,transportation, and shootingMaster the position selection principle and operation requirements during personal actionMaster the timing and location requirements of protecting companionsMaster the position relationship of the replacement and the cooperation requirements amongGroup tacticsComplementthe team membersTwo to one cooperationMaster the basic requirements and position selection of two to one attack and defenseUnderstand the responsibility division of each position in the formation and the relationship inMatch formationthe gameTeam tactics Offensive and defensive Master the action principles and the cooperation requirements of the whole team in the processconversionof attack and defense conversionMatch rhythmUnderstand the role and main methods of controlling the rhythm of the gameTable 2: Evaluation index of tactical rehearsal based on location data.Key performance indicatorsMethodDescribeLength, width, spaceSpace controlEvent identificationPath clusteringPass evaluationDistance to the center of theteamDistanceTyson polygonRule-based decision treeClustering algorithmMotion mode and passable areaMeasure the average expansion of a teamSpace control is modeled with the Tyson polygon graphIdentify time from location dataSelect groups from the movement patterns of one or more playersCalculation areaCalculate the distance between the player and the center of theteamCalculate the average position to determine an actual tacticalformationFormationEuclidean metricMean and principal componentanalysiswhich is conducive to rapid tactical planning. It is mainlyused for the technical and tactical statistics of sports teamsduring the competition. After the competition, the collectionrefers to the collection of techniques and tactics by watchingvideo data after the competition. Because this collection isnot limited by time [15], the required technical and tacticalindicators can be observed and recorded as much as possi-ble, which is conducive to a more detailed and in-depthtechnical and tactical research on the game. Taking the scoreor loss of the last shot of each round as the observationpoint, one can divide the athletes’ competition ability intoserve rush attack section, receive rush attack section, andstalemate section as a whole [16]. On this basis, through alarge number of practical research, this paper puts forward
4Wireless Communications and Mobile Computingthe empirical model of winning the football game (i.e.,strength evaluation standard), including the scoring rateand utilization rate of each segment. Figure 2 shows the optimized three-stage evaluation theory evaluation indexsystem.The principle of symmetry means that the evaluationmodel designed in this study should make the technicaland tactical data of both sides symmetrical, which is conducive to the comparative analysis of technical and tacticalaspects [17, 18]. This is a problem that has not been perfectlysolved in the previous technical and tactical analysismethods. Therefore, this study proposes a division method.According to the law of football match, when party A scores,it is party B’s loss of points. This ball is classified as party A’sstalemate I score, that is to say, party B’s stalemate II loss ofpoints. When party A loses points, it is the score of party B.This ball is classified as the loss of points in the sending andgrabbing section of party A; that is to say, after the scoredivision of the receiving and grabbing section of party B,the four-section structure of a game is shown in Figure 3.The tactical formation and position division of players infootball match have great differences in the competitionresponsibilities and tasks of players, resulting in the differences of tactical awareness requirements of players with different position responsibilities in the game. This differencein the requirements of players’ tactical consciousness in different positions is also another concrete embodiment of theeffectiveness characteristics of football players’ tactical consciousness [19]. Therefore, in the development process oftactical consciousness at different levels and stages, weshould put forward the general requirements of tactical consciousness and the specific requirements of different positions. Multiple regression analysis is one of the mostcommonly used statistical methods. It is used to analyzethe relationship between a dependent variable and multipleindependent variables, especially in two aspects: one is toquantitatively describe and explain the relationship and theother is to predict or estimate the value of the dependentvariable [20]. Therefore, the multivariate regression methodis reliable to analyze the advantages between variables, andthe prediction can be achieved through the analysis of variables. In this study, the multivariate regression analysis isapplied in the process of football tactical analysis, and theeffectiveness of tactics can be analyzed through key factors.If the dependent variable is y, it is necessary to study itscorrelation with m independent variables xt1 , xt2 , , xtm ,and assume that the dependent variable εt is a random variable, while β0 , β1 , , βm is a general variable, which is atypical multiple linear regression problem. Assuming thatthe dependent variable yt is linearly related to ðεi , ε j Þ, thecollected n groups of data σ meet the following regressionmodel:yt β0 β1 , xt1 β2 , xt2 βm xtm nεt , Eðεt Þ Varðεt Þ σ2 Cov εi , ε j :ð1ÞThrough the construction of the above football positiontactics and evaluation parameter index system, the originalTechnicaland tacticaltraining levelServe andattack levelReceivinglevelStalematelevelFront threeplatesFront fourplatesFour platerearFigure 2: Evaluation index system structure of three-stageevaluation theory.MatchReceiving andserving wheelServe wheelHair grabsectionStalematesection IReceiving androbbing sectionStalemate IIReturn ofserviceServeFigure 3: Four-section structure model.sample data of the dynamic detection and evaluation indexof football players’ position tactics are obtained. Based onthe multiple linear regression analysis method, the dynamicdetection of football players’ position tactics is carried out.Firstly, the maximum oxygen uptake xi (max/kg), the maximum anaerobic work xi τ , and the fatigue coefficient ofanaerobic work decrease are independent variables. Multipleregression discriminant statistics are defined, and theexpression isQrev ðτÞ N1 Eðεt Þ ðxi xi τ Þ3 :N yt τi 1ð2ÞIn the above formula, N represents the discriminant statistics of multiple regression, τ represents the sequence ofpositional tactical parameters, φi represents the statisticalfrequency of athletes’ positional tactics, and ϖ is the monitoring interval. Conduct a sigma test on the collected databefore and after the two training cycles. Take the maximumoxygen uptake ηn j and wn i that can reflect the aerobic position tactics as the independent variable and other indicatorsas the dependent variable; construct the multiple linearregression equation surface. The inclusion standard is a 0:05, and the multiple linear regression equation is obtained
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing5as follows:pσs aϖ Qrev ðτÞ κ φi wn i ηn j ,ð3Þi 1where κ is the fatigue index, σs is the independent identically distributed variance of the maximum anaerobic work,hQx i is called the multiple linear autoregressive coefficient,which, respectively, represents IgA, IgG, IgM, bun, and otherindicators, and R is called the significance factor of multiplecorrelation analysis of football players. These are the parameters to be evaluated in the model. Realize the multiple autoregressive dynamic test of the metabolic cycle mechanism offootball players. In the inspection process, it is necessary todefine the difference significance to represent the significantdifference, which isS R j hQx i Q 0 j:σs k IgA IgG IgM kð4ÞThe method of calculating the simple correlation coefficient between dependent variables and explanatory variablesis used to analyze the correlation of observed data. The correlation coefficient, also known as Pearson correlation coefficient, describes the close relationship between two fixeddistance variables. It is generally expressed in R, and the calculation formula isn i 1 ðxi xÞðyi yÞr ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi, ni 1 ðxi xÞ2 ni 1 ðyi yÞ2ð5Þwhere yi is the observed sample size and x and y are themean values of the observed values of the two variables,respectively. R represents the degree of linear correlationbetween two variables, and its value is between -1 and 1.The greater the absolute value of xip is, the stronger the correlation is. If r 0, the two variables are positively correlated;that is to say, the greater the value of one variable, the greaterthe value of the other variable will be. If R 0, the two variables are negatively correlated; that is to say, the greater thevalue of one variable, the smaller the value of the other variable will be. When r 0, there is no linear relationshipbetween the two variables, but note that r 0 does not meanthat there is no relationship. Because the correlation coefficient only measures the strength of the linear relationship,the least square estimation method is used to estimate theb ,βb , , βb of the multiple linear regressionparameters β01pequation. Using the least square estimation method to estimate the regression model y XB E in the form of matrixis to try to find the estimated values B of parameters E, so asto make the sum of squares of deviations.n 2b ,βb , , βb R y βb βb x βb x βb xQ βi01p01 i12 i2p ip :i 1ð6ÞAfter the least square estimation of regression coefficientis calculated, the regression value and residual of dependentvariable can be calculated by the following formula: b ,βb , , βb :̂y r Q β01pð7ÞIn multiple linear regression analysis, many variables areinvolved, and the units of each variable are often different,which brings some difficulties to the structural analysis withregression equation; on the other hand, the amount of datainvolved in multiple regression analysis is very large, whichmay make the calculation result not ideal due to the rounding error. Therefore, it is necessary to do some related processing to the original data.2.3. Realization of Football Tactical Analysis. Through thesummary of the research on the content of consciousnessstructure, we can know that tactical consciousness is gradually mastered and developed through the cognitive learningprocess. The formation process of tactical consciousnessconforms to the general law of cognitive learning processand is the process of acquiring knowledge and skills andaccumulating experience. Consciousness is formed in competition practice. Figure 4 shows the steps to optimize theformation of awareness of football tactical training.It can be seen from the figure that during the formationof players’ competition consciousness, firstly, the playersform nerve impulses after being perceived by internal andexternal receptors through vision, hearing, and touch andthen form nerve impulses through afferent nerves to thebrain. The brain analyzes, processes, and makes decisionson the incoming attack and defense information and thensends the decision results to the effector through efferentnerves. Players make various response actions. The vision,hearing, and touch in perception are vision, that is to say,observation for football players. As a direct channel for athletes to obtain information, sports perception is the basisand premise of tactical consciousness. The observation characteristics and manifestations of football players in the gameare shown in Figure 5.Tactical awareness in football match is a special abilitycomposed of football tactical knowledge and football sportsskills. Then, the content of this special ability structureformed in the mind and expressed in the behavior shouldinclude football tactical knowledge and football sports skills.Tactical knowledge is the players’ understanding and understanding of the law of football game through learning andexperience accumulation. Sports skills are obtained by athletes through practice, which is the action mode or actionto successfully complete the activities of football matches.It can be seen that the tactical consciousness in footballmatch is the organic combination of knowledge and experience and the way of competition activities. Athletes who donot master sports skills cannot show good tactical awareness:on the contrary, athletes who do not acquire tactical knowledge of football matches and accumulate competition experience cannot show good skill level. Therefore, tacticalawareness is expressed through competition skills, and good
6Wireless Communications and Mobile ComputingIn gameperceptionReceptorAfferentBrainthinking anddecisionmakingFormationprocess of nresponseSpreadFigure 4: icaltrainingtactical awareness will promote the development of competition skills. The two complement each other. In the responsetactical function module, we need to use hybrid knowledgeto simulate tactical thinking. In the flash, we can add monitoring events to each film editing element, so in the process ofcomputer programming, the method of monitoring the lineardistance between athletes can be used to monitor the monitoring events of each athlete, as shown in Table 3.The perception of soccer players to special sports in soccer matches is reflected in the organization and processing ofthe visual information observed on the field in time andspace. It mainly includes the judgment of the position anddistance of the ball and athletes, the direction and speed ofthe ball and athletes, and the judgment of the timing andeffect of the application of mobilization technology; judgment on occupying space and obtaining benefits; judgmenton the implementation and selection of technical actions;judgment on the application method of group tactics; andjudgment of the tactical application effect of the whole team.The content of football special sports perception and itsmain role in football games are shown in Table 4.Observation is the perceptual understanding of the everchanging reality of the game and the basis for the formationof tactical awareness. Only by improving our observationability can we use our techniques and tactics to completethe task of the game. This is also the reason why observationis the premise for the formation of tactical awareness. Thetactical consciousness of athletes in the game is fed back tothe athletes’ sports organs through comprehensive observation, thinking, and decision-making, so as to guide theplayers’ tactical actions in the game. Football tactics refersto the means and methods taken by one party to win theother under the restriction of football rules. As a coordination and restraint mechanism, it requires not only individualbehavior to obey the collective but also the mutual cooperation between individuals and others to play the role of coordinated attack and defense. In order to achieve thiscoordination, it must be based on personal high technicallevel and tactical awareness. The classification of specificfootball tactics is shown in Figure 6.As can be seen from Figure 6, football tactical knowledgehas a certain level, from individual tactical actions in thegame to local cooperative tactical actions and then to theoverall tactical actions of the whole team. However, in theprocess of learning and mastering, there is no strict boundary distinction, and there are a certain intersection and integration between all levels. Individual tactical actions shallmeet local tactical action requirements. Local tactical actionsshould be integrated into the overall tactical application ofthe whole team. The hierarchical structure of tactical awareness in football matches is still reflected in two aspects:thinking activities and behavior activities. The first is the different levels of performance of special sports perception,special sports attention, special sports memory, and specialsports decision-making in the content structure of footballgame tactical consciousness. Second, it is the hierarchyshown in the process of mastering football tactical knowledge and acquiring football sports skills. When athletes learnand master football tactical knowledge and football sportsskills, they will show hierarchical characteristics in differentcontents and levels. Athletes step up the demand for knowledge and skills.2.4. Analysis of Experimental Results. With the continuousacceleration of attack and defense speed and the increasinglyfierce confrontation in modern football games, the winninglaw and the contradiction between attack and defense determine that the players on the field must compete and controlthe “ball” with the other party as a whole. This is the fullembodiment of modern football’s “ball as the center, collective confrontation as the soul.” At the same time, modernfootball also puts forward new and higher requirements forfootball technology, and football tactical awareness playsan increasingly important role in the game. On this basis,the tactical awareness of the team under different tacticalmethods is compared and analyzed, as shown in Table 5.Through the analysis of Tables 5 and 6, it can be seenthat the overall advantages of the method proposed in thisstudy are obviously superior to those of the traditionalmethod, and it is reliable.Through the interpretation of the concept of football tactical awareness, we know that the tactical awareness of football games is mainly a special ability to reflect the rules offootball games through the players’ brain thinking activities.It can be seen that it is the soul of the player and the guidethat guides all actions of the player in the game. Tacticalawareness in football games is the sum of players’ technicalawareness, tactical awareness, and physical awareness. Itsmain characteristics are the timeliness of observation, thepotential of thinking, the immediacy of decision-making,and the embodiment of action. The survey on the cognitivelevel of the tactical awareness structure is shown in Table 7.The skill application of athletes in the competition is notonly an important factor affecting the effect of tactical application but also one of the main contents of t
Using the multiple regression method to choose the appropriate position of the players, make the football attack and defense plan. At the same time, the application of the multiple regression method to the analysis of football tactics can better select the optimal tactical plan, to ensure the rationality of football tactical selection. 1 .
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