Nature And Me - University Of Derby
Natureand meFive ways to strengthen therelationship between peopleand nature.Is this the key? That feeling of connection with nature– so simple, so basic, and yet so often ignored. Could ithelp us heal some of our most pressing modern ailments– from the climate emergency to mental health?In this short guide, we show how to get closer to natureand the benefits this can bring. It gives us cause torethink some of our fundamental assumptions and laysout a practical framework for action.Based on research by the University of Derby’sNature Connectedness Research Group andexperiences at National Trust places.Nature and me 2
BreakthroughthinkingWe humbly present a smallbreakthrough* in thinking aboutthe way we, human beings, formrelationships with nature.It builds on a body of psychological study and it hasbeen tested quite literally in the fields, as well aswoodlands, beaches and parks.We want to share what we’ve learnt far and wide,because we believe that, if embraced, it can boost thewellbeing of people and the wellbeing of the naturalworld we inhabit.Part one:UnderstandingIntroduced by Professor Miles Richardson, who leadsthe Nature Connectedness Research Group at theUniversity of Derby.Part two:ApplicationIntroduced by National Trust Outdoor ExperienceManager, Penelope Chapple.*UK Universities 100 best breakthroughs for its impact3 Nature and meNature and me 4
Part one:UnderstandingThere are broad implications, with the potential to influence:MilesRichardsonThree of the most importantissues of our time have onething at their heart: therelationship between peopleand nature.We have studied the relationship between peopleand nature so we can understand how it can beimproved. In part one of this guide, we summariseour research findings and introduce a practicalframework to inform the design of experiencesin nature. In part two we show the framework atwork, using examples from National Trust placesto explain how we’re completely rethinking ourapproach to nature engagement and the impactthis has had.5 Nature and meManagement and planning, from theway we manage land, design urbanspaces, housing and transport, toencouraging sustainable lifestyles.Examples, page 22-23: a fieldof sunflowers becomes a localdestination and willow thrones invitepeople to enjoy a view.Wellbeing and fitness, includingthe design of health, wellbeing andfitness programmes.Examples, page 24-25: yoga in naturetakes on more meaning and outdoorart classes build confidence.Learning and education, bringingnature connection into the curriculumand outdoor learning.Examples, page 26-27: woodlandwellbeing experiences for schoolsand young adults.Conservation, looking at moreeffective ways to engage support forwork to protect nature.Examples, page 28-29: moths drawcrowds and an inspiring WorldRanger Day.Recreation, offering fun experiencesthat encourage people to reallynotice nature.Examples, page 30-31: updating our‘50 things’ campaign, a spring trail,dawn chorus walk and nature hunt.Nature and me 6
What makes agood relationship?Introducing the conceptof nature connection.More than just being outsideTwo approaches have prevailed when it comes to ourrelationship with nature – the importance of beingin it (access), and the importance of understanding it(knowledge). And while both matter enormously, theyare not the full story.Enter Nature ConnectednessIn the early 2000s, researchers began seeking tounderstand a different kind of relationship – thelevel of closeness, or ‘connectedness’ to nature. Thiscaptures an individual’s emotional relationship, orsense of kinship, with nature.Relationship: synonymsexchange, interconnection, interrelation,mutualism, reciprocity, symbiosis. incorporation,integration, merger, unification. affinity,attachment, closeness, intimacy, rapport,sympathy. kinship, oneness, solidarity,togetherness, unity. colleagueship,companionship, company, fellowship.Merriam-Webster dictionary7 Nature and meIn the years that have followed, the concept of natureconnectedness has been developed and applied, witha view to understanding how we can improve levelsof connectedness. At the University of Derby, we haveworked with Natural England and others to developthe Nature Connection Index1. Our index looks atsix factors, asking people to score themselves againstthe following statements:1.I always find beautyin naturealways treat nature2. Iwithrespect3.Being in nature makesme very happy4.Spending time in natureis very important to me5.6.I find being in naturereally amazingI feel part of natureUsing this Index, we ran a nationwide survey tocompare nature visits to nature connection. Whenwe analysed 4960 responses2 and combined this withother research, we came to five conclusions.Nature and me 8
1. Life feels goodA worthwhile lifewhen we have astrong connectionwith natureWhen we measure whatmakes people feel that ‘life isworthwhile’ a close relationshipwith nature is four times moreimportant than spending power.Nature connectednessSocio-economic statusSomeone can feel connected with nature by simplystopping to listen to the birds, or really notice thebeauty of a plant or a sky. And the good news isthat this simple sense of connection is much moreimportant than income when it comes to the sense ofa life with meaning. Nature connection is also linkedto different types of wellbeing, from being happy andfeeling good to functioning well day to day.3Nature VisitsNature connection versusnature contactContact with nature (measured as nature visits)is not the same as connection with nature.Connection plays a much more important rolein our sense of feeling life is worthwhile, whereascontact with nature is more important for ourgeneral health.9 Nature and meNature and me 10
2. It’s possible to feelNature can be enjoyed by.close to nature intowns and citiesYou don’t have to be out in thewild to relate to nature. Natureconnection can be simple,everyday and under our noses.We looked at the impact of simple activities, likewatching the clouds, the stars or the sunrise, listeningto birdsong and smelling flowers. Each builds a richerrelationship with nature and each can be enjoyed in atown or a city.In another study4 we found that.noticing urban nature is good for youIn a randomised controlled trial of 582 adults,we prompted people to notice the good thingsthey could experience in nature found in urbanenvironments for seven days. As a result oftaking part, we found that the mental healthof participants improved – and that this effectlasted for at least a month.11 Nature and meNature and me 12
People who feel3. more connectedto nature are morelikely to protectnatureOur research showed a strongrelationship between someone’slevel of nature connectedness,and their willingness to act ormake choices in favour of nature.Other research5 found that.In a study of children aged 9-11:1. T he level of environmental knowledge explainedonly 2% of the variance in pro-naturebehaviour.2. T he level of nature connectedness explaineda 69% variance in pro-nature behaviour.Evidence from 75 studies has shown acausal link between nature connectionand pro-environmental behaviours.613 Nature and meHighlyconnectedwith natureTo achieve sustainable lifestyles,people will need to move into thegreen shaded zone.90807670Usually buyeco friendlyproducts7166UsuallyrecycleVolunteerto help theenvironment andsupport natureconservation work63Walk or cycleinstead of car60Overall average for the population (61)50Do nothing4740Lessconnectedwith naturePro-environmental behavioursinclude recycling, green transport,reducing consumption.Pro-nature behaviours includeencouraging biodiversity andsupporting conservation causes.A link between connection and action: people with a closerrelationship with nature are prepared to do more for theenvironment or nature.Nature and me 14
4. Teenagers fall out90of love with nature80As children move intoadolescence, they become moredisconnected from nature.7065Nature connection indexAfter the age of nine, levels of nature connection dropdramatically and do not recover for twenty years.Other studies (see below), show that when teenagersprioritise a connection with nature, they’re less likelyto suffer from mental health issues.To achieve sustainablelifestyles, people willneed to move into thisgreen shaded zone.60555045Another study7 found that.A study of 30,000 adolescents in Canada foundthat those who agreed that it was importantto feel connected with nature, were also 25%less likely to experience mental health issues.The same study also found the number ofadolescents who think nature connection isimportant falls by 30% between age 9 and 15.15 Nature and me40357 to 9 10 to 12 13 to 15 16 to 18 19 to 21 22 to 25 26 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60 61 to 70 over70AgeNature and me 16
5. Connecting withnature is not aneveryday habitWe found a nation of people whodon’t tend to do the things thatwill bring them closer to nature.8Only80%33%of adults often stop to appreciatethe stars or the moon in the skyof children DON’Tregularly do activitiesthat connect themwith natureOnly6%of adults oftenmake homesfor natureMany individual experiences in nature are functionalin purpose – walking the dog, cycling to work, gettingsome exercise, tidying the garden. And so when peopledo feel a greater sense of closeness with nature, it isoften happenstance. I happened to see a beautifulsunset on my way home. A robin happened to settle onmy spade.Only5%And yet, we have also found a strong, positiveresponse to triggers or ‘nudges’ to respond to nature.These can be as simple as suggesting people take amoment to listen to birdsong every day.of adultsoften celebratenatural events(such as thelongest or shortestday of the year)Only19%of adults often spendtime in nature tomake themselveshappy17 Nature and meOnly30%of adults often listento bird songOnly16%of adults often enjoywatching wildlife at playNature and me 18
Our recommendationThe stakes are too high for us to leavethis to chance. We have researchedwhich experiences bring people closerto nature, and defined five pathwaysto nature connection:Emotion: tuning intoan emotional bond withnature, or reflecting onthe positive feelingsnature can inspire.Senses: activelyengaging with naturethrough the senses,for example listeningto birdsong orsmelling flowers.19 Nature and meBeauty: findingbeauty in the naturalworld, or connectingwith nature throughpoetry, music or art.Meaning: honouringand celebrating thecycles and signs ofnature, such as ‘busyas a bee’ or ‘heartof oak’.Compassion: lookingafter nature as youwould look afteryourself, takingactions that aregood for nature.Nature and me 20
Part two:ApplicationHighlyconnectedwith natureLessconnectedwith natureRethinking our approach toexperiences in nature.PenelopeChapple21 Nature and meHere at the National Trust we’ve got lots of experienceof telling stories about our historic places. But wehave struggled to work out the best ways to reallyengage people with the nature beyond the usual naturetrails, information boards and forest-school-styleworkshops. We invited Miles Richardson to advise uson what we could do differently. When he introducedour countryside teams to the ‘five pathways to natureconnection’, some could immediately see how theycould adapt experiences already on offer. Common toall of these experiences is a shift – from focussing onwhat we want people to understand about a place, tothe way people experience a place. Already we’ve foundthe new mindset is yielding powerful results.Nature and me 22
ManagementapproachesTips:Share your passionfor a place andcreate prompts thatinvite people topause and explore.This has madepeople feel closerto a place and wantto return.A bloomingrevelationA field of sunflowersat Rhossili planted forwildlife attracts morethan the bees.Tips:Create and celebrate nature’sbeauty. We had two goals for thisproject – planting for wildlife andcreating a spectacle for visitors –but it lead to broader benefits.23 Nature and meWhen a forgotten field, adjacent tothe path to Worm’s Head at Rhossili,was returned to National Trustmanagement, our countryside teamdecided to create a beautiful, naturerich landscape for the benefit ofwildlife (specifically bees and birds)and visitors.No-one predicted the sensationthis would cause. We’ve seen a hugeincrease in visitor numbers: the Rhossilisunflowers have become a socialmedia sensation, been mentioned inParliament and, most encouragingly,have caught the attention ofneighbouring farmers interested in thebenefits of planting for wildlife. Visitorsare encouraged to act for nature too.Sunflower seeds are on sale in our shopso people can take them home to feedthe birds (or plant their own crop).Addingsplendourto a viewNatural scultpuresinspire people toenjoy the views inShugborough’s park.The grounds of Shugborough Hall inStaffordshire have recently come backinto National Trust management. Theteam wanted to share their love for thegrounds and devise ways for visitors toenjoy their favourite spots. Paths were cutinto grasslands to open up views. Seatingwas placed – inspired by the decorativedetail in Shugborough Hall – in the spotswith great views. A local willow sculptorwas commissioned to create acornthrones and recliners, creating a sense ofprivilege to be enjoying the views andencouraging people to explore thegrounds. Visitors were also invited tocreate wild art pieces to express how theArboretum has made them feel.As a result we’ve seen an increase invisitors, plus visitors engaging on adeeper, more meaningful level andreturning to see progress.Nature and me 24
Wellbeing& fitnessTips:Understand what youraudience is comfortablewith – there are lotsof ways you can askpeople to slow downand notice naturewithout it feeling alien.Yoga onthe rocksOutdoor exerciseclasses become moremeaningful.Tips:Introducing a focus on naturecan create a new, more enrichingdimension to an activity. Workwith providers who understandand support this approach.25 Nature and meWe’ve been offering yoga classes in thedramatic landscape around Yorkshire’sBrimham Rocks for some years. Butwhen our Visitor Experience Managerwas introduced to the five pathwaysto nature connection, she decided torethink their approach. She discussedways to enhance the experience withthe yoga instructor, deciding to: timeclasses to align with the seasonalequinoxes; lengthen some classes – twohour sessions gave participants a muchmore in-depth experience of a place;locate classes in areas with the moststriking views; and invite people tonotice changes in nature (seasons, light,weather) during their practice.Now, instead of turning up for a classand leaving, people tend to linger in thelandscape. We also find the classes havemuch broader appeal.Drawingstrength atClumberThere’s more thanone way to be mindfulof the beauty of nature.The team at Clumber Park inNottinghamshire wanted to offer aregular activity for locals that would havemental wellbeing benefits. They thoughtabout offering mindfulness activities, butknew that the concept of things like‘forest bathing’ or meditation would putmany people off. Instead, they looked atmore practical activities that have asimilar effect on people’s ability to slowdown and notice nature. They decided tooffer an outdoor art class.Once a month, a group goes out to studyand paint or draw a different feature inthe landscape. The classes have attracteda loyal following; people have madefriends and visibly grown in confidence asa result of joining the group. As a regularoffering for locals, the classes have alsobeen a great way of forging links with theneighbouring community.Nature and me 26
Learning &educationTips:Collaborate with theright partners. Wecan provide the rightenvironment and ourpartner’s, HaRT, havethe expertise to reachthe intended audience.School kidsfeel freeWoodland WellbeingDays for schoolsat Cliveden moveteachers to tears.Tips:Don’t stick with ‘We’re going tolearn’ but rather, ‘We’re going toexperience’. We find that childrenreact to nature in different ways –embrace changes in direction.27 Nature and meThe team at Cliveden have created a‘Woodland Wellbeing’ programme tosupport the pastoral elements of theNational Curriculum. It incorporates thefive pathways in its design, with activitiesincluding: wild art, using found naturalobjects like leaves and pine cones andthen encouraging children to talk abouttheir work; lying on the grass to look upat the sky to spot the red kites (commonat Cliveden) and imagining what thebirds can feel, see and hear; and making‘mindfulness jars’, introducing the idea ofgiving ourselves time to calm down whensomething difficult happens.The classes can lead to a dramaticincrease in children’s wellbeing andconfidence: ‘Teachers had tears in theireyes when a student, usually silent inclass, stood up and explained how they’dcreated their wild art,’ observed our team.Finding purposein the woodsChildren and youngadults grow theirconfidence in theNew Forest’sFoxbury woods.In the woodlands of Foxbury in the NewForest, a programme of ‘ecotherapy’ isoffered to local children and young adultswith physical, social and mental issues. Itis a collaboration between the NationalTrust and local charity, Hampshire Artfor Recreation and Therapy (HaRT). Thepathway-inspired sessions include: sensoryworkshops, such as ‘sound bathing’(listening to a Buddhist prayer bowl chimeand then the sounds of nature); makinghomes for nature; making willow lanterns,wind chimes and boats; and learningtraditional skills, such as coppicing.For some, the experience has been lifechanging. Two boys, about to leaveschool with no qualifications, went onto successfully apply for a carpentryapprentice scheme. Most remarkably, an11-year-old uttered his first words in yearswhile sanding wood (he had been mute).Nature and me 28
ConservationTips:Give people thefreedom to explorefor themselves.Focus on fewer,well-designedactivities with reallyengaging leaders.Unsung heroesA pop up naturereserve celebrates thebeauty of moths atBlickling Hall.Tips:Bring one or two of the pathwaysto life at a time. Seeing the mothsup close was a real ‘wow’ momentfor visitors and gave us the chancehighlight their role as pollinators.29 Nature and meWhy do butterflies get all the attention?The rangers at Blickling Hall in Norfolkwanted to share their wonder of thebeauty of moths, so often unseen or onlyvisible at night. Last Easter, knowingthat the gardens would be busy withfamilies doing an Easter trail, they put upa temporary nature reserve. Moths weretrapped overnight, put into a fridge to slowthem down and then displayed in specialtubes. Volunteers explained their role aspollinators and invited people to hold mothpupae so they could feel them wiggle in thepalms of their hands and see the shape ofthe wings and eyes inside.There were lots of repeat visits to the trail,with visitors coming back time and againto see the moths. People wanted to makemoth traps; one child even asked for amoth costume and came back wearing it,full of excitement.AmazingdiversityWorld Ranger Dayactivities engage thesenses at Wiltshire’sDinton Park.The simplest of exercises – pressinggrasses into a lump of clay – meant peoplefocussed on the detail of the plants theyfound in the fields at Dinton Park. It wasone of the exercises on offer during aWorld Ranger Day event (31 July). Otheractivities included: demonstrating theancient practice of green woodworking;making butterfly feeding stations andwriting messages for the insects; treeclimbing to appreciate amazing birds’ eyeviews of the landscape; and collectinginsects with sweep nets, sparkingconversations about the insects’ incrediblepatterns and colours.Low on cost but labour-intensive toorganise, the day was well worth theeffort. People stayed for hours and allages were amazed by the diversity theydiscovered in a landscape that, as someadmitted, had at first looked ‘boring’.Nature and me 30
RecreationalactivitiesoutdoorsFinding colour at GlendurganAt the exotic Cornish Glendurgan Garden,the Visitor Experience team set a new kind ofspring trail, asking visitors find plants and othernatural elements that matched the colours on acolour wheel. ‘We were blown away by how wellsomething so simple was received, with peoplecommenting how they’d really noticed theindividual beauty of spring flowers, the texturesof the garden and the changing colours of thesea and sky,’ said our Visitor Experience Officer.Rethinking acampaignChanging our ‘50things’ challenges tofollow the pathways.Tips:Simple changes can bring about anew relationship with nature, forinstance, encouraging people tostop and notice details they wouldotherwise walk by.31 Nature and meSince its launch in 2012, our campaign‘50 things to do before you’re 113/4’ hasbeen a great way to inspire children’sactivities in nature. We reconsidered thelist in light of the five pathways to natureconnection and changed the emphasisof some of the challenges. Perhaps mostsymbolic is the change from ‘Climb a tree’to ‘Get to know a tree’. We’d found treeclimbing quite one-dimensional and itmade less confident or less able childrenfeel excluded.Through this change in focus, we can nowinclude a much broader, more personalrange of activities. Prompts include barkor leaf rubbings, counting a tree’s rings,noticing seasonal changes, raking leaves,or inviting people to lie on a picnic blanketand look up at the sky through a tree’sbranches. Although designed for children,we see all ages enjoying the activities.egtim lprineMy S ur WheColo1. Get toknow a treeSinging with the birdsIn previous years, the dawn chorus walks atDyrham Park had focussed on identifyingbird calls. Last year, in a fresh approach, thewalks were led by a choir leader who taughtparticipants simple 17th century folk songsfeaturing birds. We hadn’t anticipated just howemotional an experience it is to sing outside inbeautiful surroundings. ‘Making our own soundmade me feel more part of nature that morning’,said one participant.A chatty winter challengeAt Studland Bay, the team put together ‘MakeMe a Match’ buckets, which challenged childrento find the original home for a series of objectsand replace them with something else theyfind in that spot. Children then showed theirtreasures to a team of staff and volunteers.Through the conversations (led by carefullystructured questions), the children becamecaptivated by commonly-found natural objects– smelling moss, gently handling lichen orlistening to shells.Nature and me 32
This is only the beginningThere are so many more ways we can apply thefive pathways to nature connection.SensesMeaningBeautyCompassionThis could be.listening to birdsong,smelling wild flowers,watching the breeze inthe trees, going barefoot,tasting the fruits of nature.This could be.finding joy in wildlife atplay, taking a momentto feel calm with nature.Wondering at details, likea spider’s web. Reflectingon your feelings andsharing these with others.This could be.creating a story abouta tree, mapping thejourney of a bee, findingfolktales about nature, orcelebrating key moments,like the longest day or thefirst swallow of summer.This could be.creating some wild art,painting the amazingcolours of insects,taking a photo of aflower, visiting a placewith an amazing view.This could be.planting wildflowers,taking part in a beachclean, digging a pond,putting up a nest box,supporting conservationcharities or buying ecofriendly products.Things we’re trying:Things we’re trying:Things we’re trying:Things we’re trying:Things we’re trying:– dusk runs– outdoor singingworkshops– t raditional customsand crafts, for instancegreen woodworking– resting places/bencheswith views– ‘micro volunteering’activities, like makinghomes for nature– barefoot walks– stargazing tours– apple days– f oraging groups andwild food recipes–w ild swimming, funactivities in water.33 Nature and meEmotion–o utdoor poetryworkshops–p ondscoping, listeningto trees– a ctivities thatencourage reflection ora response to nature.– celebrating traditionsand moments in nature,such as the solsticesand when flowers arein season.*– planting schemes thatcreate ‘wow’ moments– activities that invitepeople to look closely,such as art classes, wildart and colour trails.– role-play activities(prompting childrento imagine life as ananimal or plant).Imagine the results if we applied this thinking more broadly,to the way we design towns and cities, school curriculumsand wellbeing programmes. It’s a simple framework, butwe know it works. Try it. See where the power of natureconnection takes you.Nature and me 34
References1 Richardson, M., Hunt, A., Hinds,J., Bragg, R., Fido, D., Petronzi, D.,Barbett, L., Clitherow, T.J., and White,M. (2019). An Affective Measure of NatureConnectedness for Children and Adults:Validation, Performance and Insights.Sustainability, 11(12), 3250.2 Martin, L., White, M. P., Hunt, A.,Richardson, M., Pahl, S., & Burt,J. (2020). Nature contact, natureconnectedness and associations withhealth, wellbeing and pro-environmentalbehaviours. Journal of EnvironmentalPsychology, 101389.3 Pritchard, A., Richardson, M.,Sheffield, D, & McEwan, K. (2019).The relationship between natureconnectedness and eudaimonicwellbeing: a meta-analysis. Journal ofHappiness Studies, 1-23.4 McEwan, K., Richardson, M.,Sheffield, D., Ferguson, F. J., &Brindley, P. (2019). A SmartphoneApp for Improving Mental Healththrough Connecting with UrbanNature. International Journal ofEnvironmental Research and Publichealth, 16(18), 3373.5 Otto, S., & Pensini, P. (2017). Naturebased environmental education ofchildren: Environmental knowledge andconnectedness to nature, together, arerelated to ecological behaviour. GlobalEnvironmental Change, 47, 88-94.6 Mackay, C. M., & Schmitt, M.T. (2019). Do people who feelconnected to nature do more toprotect it? A meta-analysis. Journal ofEnvironmental Psychology, 65 101323.7 Piccininni, C., Michaelson, V., Janssen,I., & Pickett, W. (2018). Outdoor playand nature connectedness as potentialcorrelates of internalized mentalhealth symptoms among Canadianadolescents. Preventive Medicine, 112,168-175.8 National Trust. (2020). NoticingNature. -natureThanks for reading! If you’d like to find out more, please:Get in touch with us at: m.richardson@derby.ac.ukFollow: Miles’s blog at findingnature.org.uk35 Nature and meIf you’d like this information in an alternativeformat, please contact beth.weston@nationaltrust.org.ukCover image: National Trust Images/Rob ColemanOther images: NTI/Rob Stothard; NTI/Chris Lacey; NTI/JohnMillar; NTI/Arnhel de Serra; NTI/Chris Lacey; NTI/James DobsonIllustrations by Susie Brooks @ susiebrooks.netEditorial and design by Kirstie Dive & Company Ltdnationaltrust.org.ukNature and me 36
Nature and me 2 Based on research by the University of Derby's Nature Connectedness Research Group and experiences at National Trust places. Nature and me Five ways to strengthen the relationship between people and nature. Is this the key That feeling of connection with nature
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The need for business to mainstream nature risk in corporate enterprise risk management 2. Provide the insights needed to develop practical roadmaps that address the most important drivers of nature loss, and build a nature-positive future, including: a. The most pressing business-related threats to nature, which require urgent individual and .
the mind's nature, based on replicable, empirical discoveries made by thou-sands of contemplatives throughout Asia. These are the phenomenological nature of consciousness, the essential nature of the mind, the ultimate nature of the mind, and the transcendent nature of consciousness that lies within the very ground of the whole of reality.
Nature is orderly, acting according to natural "laws," and works like a clock. ! We can understand natural laws through science and reason. ! Our scientific knowledge enables us to have power over nature and manipulate it for our benefit - the rational use of nature. ! "Mechanism": treating nature as if it were a machine,
the beneits of outdoor environments and nature experiences are remarkable and extensive. these include: inner peace, stress reduction, itness, healing, mental health, and creativity; physical, emotional and intellectual development; bonding with nature, appreciation for nature, and heightened sense of beauty. Unstructured experiences in nature are
Nature versus nurture IIE 366: Developmental Psychology Greg Francis Lecture 06 Family Policy and Nature-Nurture I. Child Development and Family Policy A. Background B. Ways to Influence Family Policy C. Influences on Research II. Nature and Nurture A. Genetic Influence on Intelligence B. N
nature, from the intrinsic belief that nature is beautiful and has a right to exist, through to a recognition of the services nature provides. Known as ecosystem services, these include food, drinking water, fibre, building and manufacturing materials, and other less direct services like carbon storage, air and water filtration, pollination,
AM I MY BROTHER’S KEEPER? Lanecia A. Rouse “In the Habit” session for use with devozine meditations for January 12–18, 2015. MAKING THE CONNECTION “The other day I was sitting in a local coffee shop writing a devotion. Needing a break, I looked up from my computer and out a big window in front of me to view the city scene. I noticed outside a woman wearing house shoes, and she seemed .
