Nebraska Wind Energy And Wildlife Project

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Responses of Nebraska PublicPower District, Omaha PublicPower District, and LincolnElectric System Customers to the2013 Nebraska Annual SocialIndicators Survey Wind Energyand Wildlife QuestionsNebraska Wind Energy and Wildlife ProjectDecember 2013

Responses of Nebraska Public Power District, Omaha Public Power District,and Lincoln Electric System Customers to the 2013 Nebraska Annual SocialIndicators Survey Wind Energy and Wildlife QuestionsDecember 2013For questions about wind energy and wildlife interactions and this document, pleasecontact:Caroline Jezierski, Wind and Wildlife Project CoordinatorNebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitSchool of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska – Lincoln520 Hardin Hall3310 Holdrege StreetLincoln, NE 68583-0995Phone: (402) 472-8188; Email: cjezierski2@ unl.eduFor questions about the Nebraska Annual Social Indicators Survey (NASIS), pleasecontact:Amanda Richardson, Assistant DirectorBureau of Sociological ResearchUniversity of Nebraska – Lincoln310 Benton HallLincoln, NE 68588-6102Phone: (402) 472-4478; Email: arichardson2@unl.eduFunding for this project was provided by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commissionthrough the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program tothe Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Nebraska –Lincoln.

Table of ContentsIntroduction . 6Methods . 6Data Analysis . 6NASIS 2013 Wind Energy – Wildlife Survey Questions . 7Results . 8Distribution of Results from the Public Power Districts . 8Comparison of Responses from NPPD, OPPD, and LES Customers . 91. How much do you agree or disagree that current wind energy regulations in Nebraskaadequately protect wildlife? . 92. How much would you support or oppose regulations in Nebraska that would require windenergy development and operation to minimize impacts to wildlife? . 103. How much do you support or oppose wind energy development in remote, un-fragmentedlandscapes in Nebraska? . 114. How much do you agree or disagree that developers should pay for impacts of wind energydevelopments to native Nebraska habitats? . 125a. How concerned are you that EAGLES can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations? . 135b. How concerned are you that HAWKS can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations? . 145c. How concerned are you that SONGBIRDS can be negatively impacted or killed as a resultof wind energy development and/or operations? . 155d. How concerned are you that CRANES can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations? . 165e. How concerned are you that GROUSE can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations? . 175f. How concerned are you that DUCKS can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations? . 185g. How concerned are you that GEESE can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations? . 195h. How concerned are you that BATS can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations? . 205i. How concerned are you that DEER can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations? . 215j. How concerned are you that ELK can be negatively impacted or killed as a result of windenergy development and/or operations? . 225k. How concerned are you that PRONGHORN ANTELOPE can be negatively impacted orkilled as a result of wind energy development and/or operations? . 235l. How concerned are you that FURBEARERS can be negatively impacted or killed as aresult of wind energy development and/or operations? . 24

5m. How concerned are you that ENDANGERED SPECIES can be negatively impacted orkilled as a result of wind energy development and/or operations? . 25Appendix A . 26Appendices B-D . 29

IntroductionFive questions related to wind energy development and wildlife resources were submitted to theNebraska Annual Social Indicators Survey (NASIS) to learn more about Nebraskan’s knowledgeand perceptions of wind energy development and its potential impacts on wildlife resources. TheNASIS is an omnibus survey of quality of life in the state of Nebraska that has been conductedsince 1977. The NASIS is a joint effort of the Bureau of Sociological Research, Department ofSociology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, several state and private non- profit agencies,and other university departments. Each year, NASIS contains a core group of demographic,quality-of-life, and sociological indicators questions. The additional questions included in thesurvey vary annually and depend upon the data needs of interested researchers who contributefunds towards the cost of the survey in proportion to their data needs. Researcher’s questions arereviewed for clarity and bias and formatted for a mail survey. A pre-test of the survey is conductedand changes are made based on the results. A random sample of 6,000 Nebraska addresses wasselected to participate in 2012 NASIS.MethodsSurvey participants were categorized as a customer of the Public Power Districts (PPD) based onthe county of their residence (Appendix A). All participants from Lancaster County wereclassified as Lincoln Electric System (LES) customers. All participants from the thirteen countieslisted on the Omaha Public Power District (OPPD) 2 001280) were classified as OPPD customers.Participants from all other counties were classified as Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD)customers.Data AnalysisEach of the survey questions contained a Likert-type scale the participants used to express theiropinion. For each question the frequency of each response in each category was tallied and apercentage was determined; the percent of responses for each category are graphically displayed.For statistical analysis, responses in the ‘Do not know’ were not included. The median responsefor each category for each question was compared among and between PPDs to determine ifresponses from one PPD were significantly different from those of other PPDs. Mann-WhitneyRank Sum tests were used to compare median value between two groups and Anova on Ranks tocompare the median value of three groups.

NASIS 2013 Wind Energy – Wildlife Survey Questions1. How much do you agree or disagree that current wind energy regulations in Nebraskaadequately protect wildlife?Strongly agree, Agree, Neither agree nor disagree, Disagree, Strongly disagree, Don’t know2. How much would you support or oppose regulations in Nebraska that would requirewind energy development and operation to minimize impacts to wildlife?Strongly support, Support, Neither support nor oppose, Oppose, Strongly oppose3. How much do you support or oppose wind energy development in remote, unfragmented landscapes in Nebraska?Strongly support, Support, Neither support nor oppose, Oppose, Strongly oppose4. How much do you agree or disagree that developers should pay for impacts of windenergy developments to native Nebraska habitats?Strongly agree, Agree, Neither agree nor disagree, Disagree, Strongly disagree, Don’t know5. How concerned are you that each of the following types of wildlife listed below canbe negatively impacted or killed as a result of wind energy development and/oroperations?a. Eaglesb. Hawksc. Songbirdsd. Cranese. Grousef. Ducksg. Geeseh. Batsi. Deerj. Elkk. Pronghorn Antelopel. Furbearers (animals trapped for their fur)m. Endangered SpeciesVery concerned, Somewhat concerned, Slightly concerned, Not at all concerned, Don’t know

ResultsA total of 1,067 Nebraskans completed the NASIS; 1,059 Nebraskans responded to thewind energy and wildlife questions. Distribution of survey respondents for each county arelisted in Appendix ADistribution of Results from the Public Power OTALFrequency4104731761059%38.7244.6616.62

Comparison of Responses from NPPD, OPPD, and LES Customers1. How much do you agree or disagree that current wind energy regulations inNebraska adequately protect wildlife?Percent %NPPDOPPDLES6.144.046.90Strongly agreeAgree23.8317.2320.11Neither agree nor y disagree3.692.340.57Do not know37.5944.6843.68Categories CombinedAgreeNeither agree nor disagreeDisagreeDo not 294.0243.68There are no significant differences in responses between NPPD, OPPD, and LES customer’sopinions about wind energy regulations ability to protect Nebraska wildlife (P 0.113).How much do you agree or disagree that current wind energy regulations inNebraska adequately protect 02015151010550StronglyagreeAgreeNeither Disagree Strongly Do notagree nordisagree knowdisagree0AgreeDisagree

2. How much would you support or oppose regulations in Nebraska that wouldrequire wind energy development and operation to minimize impacts to wildlife?Strongly supportSupportNeither support nor opposeOpposeStrongly opposeNPPD13.8938.6432.0712.882.53Percent egories CombinedSupportNeither support nor opposeOpposeThere are no significant differences in responses between LES and OPPD customer’s support forregulations (P 0.711). OPPD and LES customers are more likely to support regulations thanNPPD customers (p 0.001, P 0.007, respectively).How much would you support or oppose regulations in Nebraska that would requirewind energy development and operation to minimize impacts to 01530102050StronglysupportSupportNeithersupportnor opposeOpposeStronglyoppose100SupportOppose

3. How much do you support or oppose wind energy development in remote, unfragmented landscapes in Nebraska?Percent %NPPDOPPDLES19.4423.2522.35Strongly supportSupport44.7041.4542.35Neither support nor oppose26.7728.9527.06Oppose6.314.395.29Strongly oppose2.781.972.94Categories CombinedSupportNeither support nor 8.24There are no significant differences in responses between NPPD, OPPD, and LES customer’ssupport for wind energy development in remote landscapes in Nebraska (P 0.593).How much do you support or oppose wind energy development in remote, unfragmented landscapes in support noropposeStronglyoppose0SupportOppose

4. How much do you agree or disagree that developers should pay for impacts of windenergy developments to native Nebraska habitats?Strongly agreeAgreeNeither agree nor disagreeDisagreeStrongly disagreeDo not knowNPPD20.1542.3522.195.872.556.89Percent 66.8618.935.928.28Categories CombinedAgreeNeither agree nor disagreeDisagreeDo not knowThere are no significant differences in responses between NPPD, OPPD, and LES customer’sopinions about wind energy developers paying for impacts to Nebraska habitats (P 0.209)How much do you agree or disagree that developers should pay for impacts of windenergy developments to native Nebraska 52040153010205100StronglyagreeAgreeNeither Disagree Stronglyagree nordisagreedisagreeDo notknow0AgreeDisagree

5a. How concerned are you that EAGLES can be negatively impacted or killed as aresult of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD29.8023.1512.0718.4716.50Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 9.2015.52There are no significant differences in responses between LES and OPPD customer’s concernlevel about impacts to eagles (P 0.718). OPPD and LES customers are more concerned thanNPPD customers about impacts to eagles (P 0.022, P 0.036, respectively).How concerned are you that EAGLES can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES4035302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

5b. How concerned are you that HAWKS can be negatively impacted or killed as aresult of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD18.4123.1314.1826.8717.41Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 15.0316.18There are no significant differences in responses between LES and OPPD customer’s concernlevel about impacts to hawks (P 0.620). OPPD and LES customers are more concerned thanNPPD customers about impacts to hawks (P 0.001, P 0.001, respectively).How concerned are you that HAWKS can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

5c. How concerned are you that SONGBIRDS can be negatively impacted or killed as aresult of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD23.4420.7015.9623.4416.46Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 16.1815.61There are no significant differences in responses between NPPD, OPPD, and LES customer’sconcern level about impacts to songbirds (p 0.052).How concerned are you that SONGBIRDS can be negatively impacted or killed as a resultof wind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

5d. How concerned are you that CRANES can be negatively impacted or killed as aresult of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD24.3219.3514.3925.0616.87Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 12.6415.52There are no significant differences in responses between LES and OPPD customer’s concernlevel about impacts to cranes (P 0.249). OPPD and LES customers are more concerned thanNPPD customers about impacts to cranes (P 0.002, P 0.001, respectively).How concerned are you that CRANES can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES35302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

5e. How concerned are you that GROUSE can be negatively impacted or killed as aresult of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD18.3016.7915.5430.5818.80Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 20.2317.34There are no significant differences in responses between LES and OPPD customer’s concernlevel about impacts to grouse (P 0.400). OPPD and LES customers are more concerned thanNPPD customers about impacts to grouse (P 0.026, P 0.014, respectively).How concerned are you that GROUSE can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES35302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

5f. How concerned are you that DUCKS can be negatively impacted or killed as aresult of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD20.5420.0515.5927.7216.09Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 16.6715.52There are no significant differences in responses between LES and OPPD customer’s concernlevel about impacts to ducks (P 0.447). OPPD and LES customers are more concerned thanNPPD customers about impacts to ducks (P 0.035, P 0.021, respectively).How concerned are you that DUCKS can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

5g. How concerned are you that GEESE can be negatively impacted or killed as aresult of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD20.7019.9516.4626.4316.46Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 19.3016.37There are no significant differences in responses between NPPD, OPPD, and LES customer’sconcern level about impacts to geese (p 0.144).How concerned are you that GEESE can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

5h. How concerned are you that BATS can be negatively impacted or killed as a resultof wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD12.7513.0011.0046.0017.25Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 35.0916.96There are no significant differences in responses between LES and OPPD customer’s concernlevel about impacts to bats (P 0.449). OPPD and LES customers are more concerned thanNPPD customers about impacts to bats (P 0.001, P 0.015, respectively).How concerned are you that BATS can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES50454035302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concernedNot at allconcernedDo not know

5i. How concerned are you that DEER can be negatively impacted or killed as a resultof wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD17.2114.9612.7239.1515.96Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 32.9517.34There are no significant differences in responses between NPPD, OPPD, and LES customer’sconcern level about impacts to deer (p 0.383).How concerned are you that DEER can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES454035302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

5j. How concerned are you that ELK can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations?NPPD18.3615.3811.6637.2217.37Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 28.9017.92There are no significant differences in responses between LES and OPPD or LES and NPPDcustomer’s concern level about impacts to elk (P 0.625, P 0.170, respectively). OPPDcustomers are more concerned than NPPD customers about impacts to elk (P 0.015).How concerned are you that ELK can be negatively impacted or killed as a result ofwind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES4035302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

5k. How concerned are you that PRONGHORN ANTELOPE can be negatively impactedor killed as a result of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD16.9615.4612.4737.4117.71Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 29.3118.39There are no significant differences in responses between LES and OPPD or LES and NPPDcustomer’s concern level about impacts to pronghorn antelope (P 0.482, P 0.128,respectively). OPPD customers are more concerned than NPPD customers about impacts topronghorn antelope (P 0.004).How concerned are you that PRONGHORN ANTELOPE can be negatively impactedor killed as a result of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES4035302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concernedNot at allconcernedDo not know

5l. How concerned are you that FURBEARERS can be negatively impacted or killed asa result of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD14.1815.1712.1939.0519.40Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 28.1621.26There are no significant differences in responses between LES and OPPD customer’s concernlevel about impacts to furbearers (P 0.688). OPPD and LES customers are more concerned thanNPPD customers about impacts to furbearers (P 0.011, P 0.020, respectively).How concerned are you that FURBEARERS can be negatively impacted or killed as aresult of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES454035302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

5m. How concerned are you that ENDANGERED SPECIES can be negatively impactedor killed as a result of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPD27.6118.1610.2025.3718.66Very concernedSomewhat concernedSlightly concernedNot at all concernedDo not knowPercent 16.0920.11There are no significant differences in responses between LES and NPPD customer’s concernlevel about impacts to endangered species (P 0.688). OPPD customers are more concerned thanNPPD and LES customers about impacts to endangered species (P 0.001, P 0.001,respectively).How concerned are you that ENDANGERED SPECIES can be negatively impacted orkilled as a result of wind energy development and/or operations?NPPDOPPDLES4035302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightly concerned Not at all concernedDo not know

Appendix APublic Power District (PPD), number of survey responses (frequency), and percentage ofresponses from each county in Nebraska for this laineBooneBox quency .0930.28

ersonKearneyKeithKeya olkRed WillowRockSalineScotts .37

.49

Appendices B-DA two-page handout with results for each Public Power District can be found on the followingpages. For a pdf for a specific PPD go h.asp#surveys

2013 Wind Energy & Wildlife Survey ResultsNebraska Public Power DistrictThe Nebraska Wind Energy and Wildlife Project submitted five questions to the 2013 NebraskaAnnual Social Indicators Survey (NASIS). 1059 Nebraskans responded to the survey 39% were residents in the Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) service area All results listed in this handout are from NPPD residentsHow much would you support or opposeregulations in Nebraska that wouldrequire wind energy development andoperation to minimize impacts to wildlife? 53% of NPPD respondents wouldsupport or strongly support regulations in Nebraska that would require wind energy facility development and operation to minimizeimpacts to wildlife 15% would oppose or strongly oppose such regulations2%13%Strongly support14%Support32%Neither support noropposeOppose39%Strongly opposeHow concerned are you that each of the following types of wildlife listedbelow can be negatively impacted or killed as a result of wind energydevelopment and/or e30Ducks25Geese20Bats15Deer10Elk5Pronghorn Antelope0FurbearersVery concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightlyconcernedNot at allconcernedDo not knowNebraska Wind Energy and Wildlife angered Species

2013 Wind Energy & Wildlife Survey ResultsNebraska Public Power District 62% of NPPD respondentsagree or strongly agreethat developers shouldpay for impactsHow much do you agree or disagree thatdevelopers should pay for impacts ofwind energy developments to nativeNebraska habitats?3%Strongly agree7%6%20%AgreeNeither agre e nor disagree 9% disagree or stronglydisagree22%DisagreeStrongly disagree42%Do not knowHow much do you agree or disagree thatcurrent wind energy regulations inNebraska adequately protect wildlife?6% 30% of NPPD respondentsagree or strongly agreethat current regulationsadequately protect wildlife 7% disagree or strongly disagree 38% do not knowStrongly agreeAgree38%24%Neither agree nor disagreeDisagreeStrongly disagree3%4%Do not know25%How much do you support or oppose windenergy development in remote, un3%fragmented landscapes in Nebraska? 64% of NPPD respondents support or strongly support thedevelopment of wind energy inremote landscapes9% oppose or strongly oppose6%19%Strongly supportSupport27%Neither support nor opposeOpposeStrongly oppose45%Nebraska Wind Energy and Wildlife Projecthttp://snr.unl.edu/renewableenergy/wind/

2013 Wind Energy & Wildlife Survey ResultsOmaha Public Power DistrictThe Nebraska Wind Energy and Wildlife Project submitted five questions to the 2013 NebraskaAnnual Social Indicators Survey (NASIS). 1059 Nebraskans responded to the survey 45% were residents in the Omaha Public Power District (OPPD) service area All results listed in this handout are from OPPD residentsHow much would you support or opposeregulations in Nebraska that would requirewind energy development and operation to2%minimize impacts to wildlife? 64% of OPPD respondents wouldsupport or strongly support regulations in Nebraska that would require wind energy facility development and operation to minimizeimpacts to wildlife 9% would oppose or strongly oppose such regulations7%22%27%42%Strongly supportSupportNeither support nor opposeOpposeStrongly opposeHow concerned are you that each of the following types of wildlife listedbelow can be negatively impacted or killed as a result of wind energydevelopment and/or GeeseBatsDeerElkPronghorn AntelopeFurbearersEndangered Species35302520151050Very concernedSomewhatconcernedSlightlyconcernedNot at allconcernedDo not knowNebraska Wind Energy and Wildlife Projecthttp://snr.unl.edu/renewableenergy/wind/

2013 Wind Energy & Wildlife Survey ResultsOmaha Public Power District 65% of OPPD respondentsagree or strongly agreethat developers shouldpay for impacts2%How much do you agree or disagree thatdevelopers should pay for impacts of windenergy developments to native Nebraskahabitats?10%5%7% disagree or stronglydisagree20%Strongly agreeAgreeNeither agree nor disagreeDisagreeStrongly disagreeDo not know18%45%How much

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit . School of Natural Resources . University of Nebraska - Lincoln . 520 Hardin Hall . 3310 Holdrege Street . Lincoln, NE 68583-0995 . Phone: (402) 472-8188; Email: cjezierski2@ unl.edu . For questions about the Nebraska Annual Social Indicators Survey (NASIS), please

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