Life In A Sod House : DARKROOM DETECTIVE

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Life In a Sod House :DARKROOM DETECTIVEBackgroundLooking for EvidenceSolomon D. Butcher in front of his dugout—self portrait.Historians use several types of evidence tolearn about what it was like to live in a sodhouse. They study diaries and letters writtenby people who lived in them, stories handeddown through families, surviving sod houses,photographs, and objects that homesteadersused.but quickly discovered that he was not cutout to be a farmer. Instead, he supportedhimself by traveling from homestead tohomestead, taking pictures of families wholived in sod houses. His photographs are oneof the most important sources of informationthat historians study about this way of life.The man who took the photographs in thisactivity was named Solomon Butcher. Muchof what we know about living in sod housesis based on Mr. Butcher’s photographs. Hemoved to South Dakota to "stake a claim,"People often included things in their picturethat would make them look successful, likemusical instruments, sewing machines,children’s toys, livestock and watermelons!Photos courtesy of the South Dakota Historical Society.

Photographs can be important sources of information, but they don’t always represent thetruth. It is always important to ask yourself three questions before you accept photographs asgood sources:1.2.3.Why was this photograph taken?What message was the photographer trying to send with the photograph?Is this a photograph of something that happened naturally or was the photograph posed?Keep these questions in mind as you explore photographs of two families to uncover cluesabout life in a sod house. Look closely at the photographs, think about the questions below,and try to answer them. Once you’ve completed the activity, apply those same questions tofamily photographs you have at home!Darkroom DetectiveLooking for EvidenceSee what you can discover by investigating photographs of two families who lived in homesmade of sod. See what you can discover by looking at the two photographs that accompanythe activity.MaterialsYou Will Need These Things Photographs of two families who lived in homes made of sod (download and print) Magnifying glass (optional) The questions of the following page

Photo 1The Jerry Shores House by Solomon D. Butcher. Courtesy of the Nebraska Historical Society.Image:Former slave Jerry Shores (4th from the left) and his family, Custer County, Nebraska, 1887. Mr. Shores livednext to Moses Speese, his brother. The brothers had different names because they had taken the names of theirmasters when they escaped slavery by way of the Underground Railroad during the Civil War.

Photo 2The Virgil Allen Family by Solomon D. Butcher. Courtesy of the Nebraska Historical Society.Image:The Virgil Allen family, Custer County Nebraska 1892. A wagonload of sod stands ready to repair the roof.

Detective QuestionsMake a list of the people in the photograph.Why are they in this picture together? How do you know?What types of animals are in the photograph?Why do you think they were included?What objects can you find in the photograph?What do they tell you about the people’s lives?Can you tell what time of year it is by looking at the photograph?How? (Hint: look at the shadows.)

Detective QuestionsWhich photograph features a dugout and which features a sod house?What do you think happened just before the photograph was taken?What do you think happened just afterwards?Look at photograph #2.Why are the little boy and the woman whose lap he is sitting on both blurry?Copyright 2002 Smithsonian National Museum of American History.

1. Why was this photograph taken? 2. What message was the photographer trying to send with the photograph? 3. Is this a photograph of something that happened naturally or was the photograph posed? Keep these questions in mind as you explore photographs of two families to uncover clues about life in a sod house.

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prairie. The sod house was practical. This type of house used the compact dirt and prairie root system for building bricks. The prairie grass grew very thick creating a strong, intercon-nected, and tightly compacted root system. Homesteaders would cut the sod into usable bricks about 3 feet in length, 1 foot in width, and 4 inches deep.

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