REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA - IEEE Internet Initiative

REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIAMINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Internet Governance and Cybersecurity in NamibiaMs Elizabeth Ujarura KamutuezuDeputy Director : Ministry of ICTRepublic of Namibia,IEEE ETAP Forum30 May 2017

Background§ Namibia became Independent on the 21st March 1990from South African colonial regime.§ The country total space is 824,000sq km and Windhoekis the capital city.§ The total population is 2.1 million while femalepopulation is 50.7% and majority of the populationresides in rural areas.§ Namibia is sharing borders with South Africa, Angola,Zambia, Botswana and Zimbabwe.§ Namibia has eleven tribes and English is the officiallanguage while Afrikaans is also spoken by majority.

IntroductionIt is evident that Internet is most connected and least protectedand the expansion of cyberspace becomes salience feature of ourdaily life. Namibia enjoys over 100% mobile phone penetration;about 72.12% access to internet and 53% population has access tobroadband. Cybersecurity plays a pivotal role in the continuingdevelopment of information technology and Internet services. Inorder to safeguard Namibia’s security and economic wellbeing, itis vital that the Country enhance cyber security and to protectinformation infrastructure and equally important is ensuring thatthe Internet is safe and that the growing numbers of Internetusers are protected. This call for government intervention todevelop appropriate legal responses as a result the Namibiangovernment has drafted Electronic Transaction and CybercrimeBill to address problems pertaining to safety and security of digitalcommunications of any mode.

Namibia ICT Legal frameworkNamibia has a sound ICT legal framework that facilitateinvestment in the ICT sector. After independence since1990, Namibia developed a series of laws and policies thataimed at promoting ICT in Namibia and these are:1. Namibian Communications Act, 20092. Overarching ICT Policy, 20093. Telecommunications Policy,4. Broadcasting Act 19905. Postal Policy and New Licensing Framework6. Universal Access Policy7. Digital Terrestrial Television Policy Guidelines

st Africa Cable System (WACS) connectivity in 2011 and in 2012 Telecom Namibia (100%state owned company) inaugurated the West Africa Cable System (WACS) submarine cablethat links 14 countries (International);143 Post Offices countrywide;Telecom Namibia has laid about 7755 Km fiber optic cable across the country;The Ministry of ICT has established 26 Multi-Sectoral Community Centres (MSCC) acrossthe country;There are 342 FM radio transmitters, 57 TV transmitters and 36 studios;Telecom Namibia has established 193 base stations / PoPs for Broadband coverageMTC has established 661 active base stations / PoPs for Voice and Data connections, of which221 are providing broadband ( 1mbps) data services;Direct Marine Cable Connectivity: SAT-3; WACS; SEACOM; 4 International PoPs;National Backbone Network: 100% Digital; 9,025 km fibre; 295 PoPs; 228 DigitalDestinations; 178 Towers;The are four Telecoms Operators: GSM-Based; 2 x Mobile, 2 x FixedThere are six Internet Service Providers ;The National IXP was commissioned in 2014;Broadband Access: 3G and 4G/ LTE networks ;Access and Penetration: 7% fixed line; 120% mobile and 13% Internet;On the 17 June , 2015 The Namibia Broadcasting Corporation NBC (parastatal) has migratedfrom Analogue Television Broadcasting to Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) broadcastingDTT Migration: 70% DTT population coverage

IGF Objectivesq Serves as a forum for multistakeholders policy dialogue todiscuss public policy issues related to key elements of Internetgovernanceq Discuss public policy issues related to key elements of Internetgovernance in order to foster the sustainability, robustness,security, stability and development of the Internetq Support international and regional coordination andcollaborationq Discuss, inter alia, issues relating to critical Internet resources;q Help to find solutions to the issues arising from the use andmisuse of the Internet, of particular concern to everydayusers.

IGF BenefitsqFree flow of ideas, knowledge and information over theinternet-It allows participants to discuss freely, tovoice their opinions, to think aloud, to think out of the box.qResolve issues related to security of user or networkqEstablish standards of exchange of information to avoidpiracyqDeveloping methods to keep personal and confidentialdata secrecyqExplore methods and policies for better internetperformance and governance

GOsSeverOperatorsAnyone who has a stake in the future of the Internet

Working CommitteeqMulti-Stakeholder Coordinating TeamqDisseminate all relevant information pertaining toNamIGF to all relevant stakeholders through theNamIGF website and emailing listq Collaborate with partners to mobilise resources tosupport the Nam IGF programmeqOrganise NamIGF every year

Defining Cyber CrimeCyber Crime - any criminal actdealing with computers andnetworks, where the computer isa tool, target, or both

Types of Offencesq Offences against confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer Dataand Systems Illegal access (hacking) – unlawful access to a computer system. Illegal data acquisition (data espionage) – internet used to obtain tradesecrets/personal information such as bank account or credit card numbers.Illegal Interception: offenders can intercept communications between usersto record information exchanged. Data interference: users depend on the availability of data and interferencecan result in financial losses. q Content related offences This category covers content that is considered illegal such as childpornography and xenophobic material, libel and false information, spam,copyright and related offences, trademark related offences etc.

Types of OffencesqComputer related offences Computer-related Fraud: it enables the offender to use automation and software toolsto mask criminals identities. Computer related forgery: refers to the manipulation of digital documents e.g. Alteringtext documents. Phishing: acts that are carried out to make victims disclose personal information. identity theft: criminal act of fraudulently obtaining and using another persons identity. misuse of devices: specially designed software tools used to attack other computers.qCombination offencesThis category covers various terms used to describe complex scams thatcombine a number of different offences. For example: phishing and cyberlaundering.

Drivers of CybercrimeqWeak technologyqVulnerable/unauthorised softwareqLimited accountabilityqInconsistent and incomplete legislation/regulationsqDifficulty tracking and prosecuting criminalsqLimited jurisdictionqUninformed, misguided and malicious users - weakpasswords, divulging passwords, opening unknownemails

Who are Cyber Criminals?qHackersqMalicious insidersqIndustrial espionageqBored, disgruntled, or overburdened employeesqNaïve/uninformed computer usersqOrganized crimeqTerroristsqPaedophiles and molestersqPetty criminalsqForeign governments

AchievementsqqqqEstablished NIGF Working CommitteeNIGF will be hosted in October 2017In process of Establishing CIRTElectronic Transaction and cybercrime Billunder public consultation

Challengesq The IGF is not a decision-making bodyq Cybercrime is borderlessq The common challenges are Lack of a legaland regulatory framework to ensure cybersecurityq There is lack of information, statistics andrecords of cybercrime committed inNamibia due to absence of laws, lack ofcapacity and general awareness ofcybercrime.

Challengesq Lack of public private institutionalcollaborationq Low technical capacity and human capacityIT skills. Systems poorly designed andpoorly managedq Social networking is on the rise andincreasingly cybercrimes are perpetratedthrough the social networks (Facebook,twitter etc.)

What can be doneqqqqPublic Advocacy / AwarenessConducive legal environmentInstitutional Capacity BuildingHarmonisation of laws (National andInternational

ConclusionqThe government needs to work closely with thecorporate entities; private sector to ensure the effectiveimplementation cyber security strategy laws once isenacted.qThe private sector is a key stakeholder to combatcybercrime, since they supply most of the relevanttechnology, operates most of the systems and networks.The private operators are also victims of cybercrime andsome attacks can lead to massive financial loss that willnegatively affect the economy.qBalancing Security vs Privacy

Thank You

Republic of Namibia, IEEE ETAP Forum 30 May 2017 Internet Governance and Cybersecurity in Namibia . Zambia, Botswana and Zimbabwe. . Cyber Crime -any criminal act dealing with computers and networks, where the computer is a tool, target, or both.