Lower Canopy & LOD: Productivity, Structure, Diversity
Lower Canopy & LOD:Productivity, Structure,Diversity "ESRM 304"
Learning Objectives "Ø Know why we measure lower canopyvegetation & Large Organic Debris (LOD)"Ø Know what basic lower canopy &groundstory attributes are importantand how to measure them"Ø Introduce field methods for labs thisweek"2!
Lower Canopy Information:Importance"Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Site QualityForest Structural PatternsWildlife-Habitat relationshipsBiological DiversityBiomass of secondary forest products
Site Quality"Ø Productive capacity of forest landØ Useful for oooooDetermining what species are suitablePredicting growth potentialEvaluating ecosystem resiliencyDetermining management prioritiesLand valuation
Assessing Site Quality"Potential for forestgrowth can beidentified by usingassemblages of lowercanopy vegetationScots pine growing inFinland
Assessing Site Quality"Closer to home
Assessing Site Quality"Site Index for Ponderosa Pine, 100-yr basis
Examining Structural Patterns" Northwest ecosystems contain many differentvegetation patterns Types, amounts, and distribution ofvegetation patterns define water quantity andquality, wildlife habitat, timber resources Vegetation patterns impact forest processessuch as stream flow, erosion, and succession forest landscapes are created andmaintained through a balance of disturbanceand recovery processes.
Four majorstages ofstanddevelopment"9!
WildlifeHabitatRelationships"Vagrant shrew Townsend’s mole Meadow voles Jumping mice Deer mouse GophersGround squirrels Chipmunks Marsh and Trowbridge’s shrewsSouthern red-backed voleTree and flying squirrelsKeen’s mouseShrew-moleCoast mole 10!
Biological DiversityQuantification"Ø Indexes attempt to combine abundance,composition, dominance into single no.Ø Diversity at different scalesooooLandscape levelCommunity-Ecosystem levelPopulation-species levelGenetic level11!
Diversity at Different Scales"Ø Community-ecosystem Level"o How have natural disturbances and / ormanagement activities affected speciesdiversity?"o What is the function of a species in thecommunity?"o Where are the areas of high species richness,endemism, or rarity and how well are theyprotected?"Ø Community Metrics"o Richness, composition, Shannon, Simpson"12!
Lower CanopyStructure & Diversity"Ø Horizontal structure / diversity"o Species Richness"ü Number of species present, ni"o Species Composition"ü pi amt. of species i / amt. all spp."o Shannon Index (H’)"ü H’ - pi . ln(pi)"o Simpson’s Index (D)"ü ""D [ni(ni-1)] / [N(N-1)]""usually expressed as 1/D "13!
Lower CanopyStructure &Diversity"Ø Verticalstructure /diversity"Ø BSD is directlyrelated to FSD"14!
Biomass of secondaryforest products"Ø Secondary Forest Productso Floral arrangements (salal, ferns)o Mushroomso Fiddle heads (Ferns)o Others
Biomass of secondaryforest products"Some Biomass Equation examples:""ShrubsRUUR (trailing blackberry):VACCI (Vaccinium species):TAB –1.214 0.8392 (COV)TAB 0.0 1.644 (COV)FernsATFI (lady fern):PTAQ (bracken fern):TAB 0.0 1.235 (COV)TAB 0.0 3.1057 (COV)
LOD (DWD, CWD) Information:Importance" Contributes organic matter to soil " Component of habitat for manyspecies" Plays a role in temporary carbonstorage (slow release through decay)"17!
Vegetation & LOD Survey"Field Methods "18!
Vegetation & LOD Survey"Point Transect Sampling for vegetation cover,compositionRecord what is observed at a set of points at predetermined distances along a transect (bare ground,species, etc.). Make other comments, as applicable. "The transect pictured would produce an estimate of 2/6,or 33% cover."19!
Vegetation & LOD Survey"Point Transect Sampling for vegetation cover,composition20!
Vegetation & LOD Survey"Line Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Debris21!
Vegetation & LOD Survey"Line Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Debris22!
Vegetation & LOD Survey"Line Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Debris23!
Vegetation & LOD Survey"Fixed-area plots for vegetation & LODSmallPlot–vegetationmeasurement- sameplotcenteraslargeplot- 0.01acreplotè 11.8- nterwithsmallplot-0.10acreplotè 37.2- ‐ftradius24!
Vegetation & LOD Survey"Fixed-area plots for vegetation & LOD25!
Summary Remarks"Ø Need info on structure, variability,processes for:"o Grouping of stands into productivity classes "o Building inventory on critical habitatconditions"o I.D.-ing wildlife-habitat relationships"o Enhancement of grouping stands into riskclasses "o Development of management targets for"ü Silvicultural manipulations"ü Managing potential fire hazard"ü Biological diversity maintenance"26!
Summary Remarks"Ø Diversity at different scales"o Landscape"o Community"ü Community – Lower Canopy Structure &Diversity"ü Horizontal / Vertical Structure "o Population - Species"o Genetic"27!
Vegetation & LOD Surveys""""""Field Trip to St. Edward State Park"Bring your PNW Plant ID Key"Bring sturdy, closed-toe footwearpref. w/ ankle support"Tue 20, Wed 21Oct. 2015"Depart from behind Bloedel Hall(C-10 parking lot) promptly at12:30 P.M."28!
Tree and flying squirrels Keen's mouse Shrew-mole Coast mole ! ! . Lower Canopy Structure & Diversity"! Horizontal structure / diversity " o Species Richness" " Number of species present, n i" o Species Composition" " p i amt. of species i / amt. all spp."
Capto Q ImpRes Sepharose 4 Fast Flow 0.1 CV 39/57 LOD LOD LOD Capto Core 700 26 CV 65/100 LOD LOD LOD Polishing: Comparing size exclusion and Capto Core 700 Downstream Clarification Conc. and buffer exchange Capture Polishing Conc. and buffer
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CANOPY TYPE (see images below) CANOPY COLOR HARDWARE CABLE OR STEM LENGTH 5 5" round canopy W White AC Air Craft Cable 18 18 inches 5S 5" square canopy A Aluminum SW Stem white 24 24 inches SCD Square canopy driver box B Black SA Stem aluminum 36 36 inches RCD Round canopy driver box ####
Canopy structure was estimated from discrete return and waveform ALS data. New models were developed based on the Beer-Lambert law to relate canopy volume to the fraction of laser light reaching the ground. Waveform ALS data (canopy volume RMSE 27.6%) described canopy structure better than discrete return ALS data (canopy volume RMSE 36.5%).
- The use of montana tropical forest canopy by bird species 455 Figure 3. The space division layer of forest canopy in use by birds (Pearson 1971) Figure 2. The space division of the tree canopy layer in its use by birds (Pearson 1971). Note: Axis X wide canopy (m); Axis Y canopy height (m); Position I: if the bird occupies the space at the
Piper Seneca PA-34 Canopy Cover Piper PA-44 Seminole Canopy/Nose Cover Description Part Number Price CANOPY COVER PA44-000 570.00 CANOPY/NOSE COVER PA44-005 880.00 EXTENDED CANOPY COVER PA44-010 725.00 EXTENDED CANOPY/NOSE COVER PA44-011 1180.00 NOSE COVER PA44-110 455.00 Section 2: Engine/Prop Covers
