NOAA Satellite Cal/Val Progress Update
NOAA Satellite Cal/Val Progress UpdateChangyong Cao, Ph.D.NOAA/NESDIS/STAR40th CEOS Working Group on Calibration and Validation Plenary(WGCV-40)Canberra, Australia, March 14-18, 2016S-NPP Day Night Band Image - December 7th, 20131
Outline Suomi-NPP/JPSS Program Update» Suomi-NPP VIIRS post-launch characterization and Cal/Valactivities» J1 VIIRS Prelaunch Calibration and Launch Preparation GOES-R Program Update- Himawari/AHI vs. CrIS intercomparisons- Field Campaign Preparation Jason 3 (Launched Jan. 17, 2016) radiometerstability monitoring GSICS collaboration2
NOAA Satellite MissionsCal/Val supported by theCenter for Satellite Applicationsand Research (STAR)3
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Integrated cal/val longterm monitoringAll instrument parameters are monitored since launch5
S-NPP VIIRS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) TEB Calibration has been performing well. The source of TEB calibration is on-board blackbody (BB),which showed an excellent thermal stability within 4 mKsince launch (excluding configuration changes). Corresponding F-factors are also very stable over 4 years.» Mostly with in 0.5%6
S-NPP VIIRS Thermal Emissive Band (TEB)(continued) TEB band noise remains low,has not changed significantlysince launch, according toICVS monitoring;M15 noise (1 count 0.05K @292K) Cold focal plane arraytemperature is very stable; Blackbody temperature ismaintained as 292.6K, with amax 0.04k orbital variationfor two thermistors;LW CFPA Temperature Quarterly warm up cool down(WUCD) of the blackbody tocharacterize nonlinearitychanges; WUCD has a small impact onSST during such events.Blackbody Temperature7
S-NPP VIIRS Reflective Solar Band (RSB) performance-Rotating Telescope Assembly (RTA) mirror degradation Rotating Telescope Assembly (RTA)mirror degradation was a majorpostlaunch anomaly, due toprelaunch contamination; Band M7 has the largestdegradation ( 35%) since launch;while degradation at shorterwavelength is much smaller; The degradation has leveled offsince mid 2013; The VIIRS SDR team activelymaintains the calibration tocompensate for the degradation; Impact on users are only limited toearly orbits during beta maturitywhich would require reprocessing.1/F factor is indicative of the instrument gainwhich shows the degradation due to RTA mirrorreflectivity change8
S-NPP VIIRS Calibration Stability and Accuracy VIIRS calibration isclosely monitored at 30 cal/val sites worldwide; Time series shows thecalibration is very stable,and accurate(better than the /-2% spec) Comprehensivecalibration & monitoringinclude monthlymaneuvers such as lunarcal, as well as DNB offsetand gain transfer(VROP702)M1 DCC time seriesVIIRS very stable according to DCC trendingSNOx time seriesVIIRS accurate compared to MODIS9
Excellent SNPP VIIRS DNB performance leadsto expanding applicationsExpanding DNB applications:Geophysical:snow, ice, cloud, tropical cyclone,lightning, biomass burning, smoke,surface, soil, water turbidity, oceancurrent, AOT, Volcanic ash, solarstorms, airglow, night weather.Social/Economic:settlements/economic activities,holiday lights, power consumption/outages, CO2 emission, ships, rescue,poverty, war, etc.DNB is now a KPP (Key Performance Parameter) for the JPSS program10
S-NPP VIIRS DNB Offset changesOffset (DN0) increasegreatest towards Agg.zone 1, due to darkcurrent increasesZone 2911
Active Night Light Sources for DNB Calibration Investigating vicarious validationsites suitable for DNB (at lowradiances):» Analysis of nightlight point sources (frombridges, fishing vessels, cities) showedthe potential to validate DNB calibration(Cao & Bai, Remote Sens 2014)» Emphasizes the need and feasibility ofdeveloping active light source references SBIR project in progress to develop Site requirements- Clear skyactive nightlight for VIIRS DNB- Low aerosol loadingvalidation, working closely with- Dry and thin atmosphereNIST and NASA scientists- No lights nearbyPotential collaboration withRADCALNET- Large water body (such as lakes)12
VIIRS DNB NighttimeObservation of CanberraFebruary 22, 2016, Full Moon13
J1 VIIRS DNB non-linearity Mitigation J1 VIIRS DNB has high nonlinearity inradiometric response especially atedge of scan based on prelaunch tests,which is different from the behavior ofthe SNPP VIIRS Two options have been proposedby the J1 data working group:» Op21 (Baseline)Extend AggMode 21 up to 32» Op21/26Extend AggMode 21 up to 25Extend AggMode 26 up to 32SNPPJ1Op21/26J1 Op2114
Reprocessing of SNPP SDR data SNPP VIIRS SDRs will be reprocessed atNOAA using:» Latest RSB radiometric calibration coefficientsgenerated by RSBAutoCal» Improved DNB LUTs- Stray light LUTs with solar vector error corr.- New RSR and LGS LUTs between launchand mid-2013» Improved TEB LUTs» Latest geolocation LUTs» Latest SDR algorithms» Reprocessing is planned to start in 2017» Reprocessing validation capabilities are beingdeveloped at NOAA LUTs.php )M1 F-factors: (1) generated by RSBAutoCal;(2) NOAA operational; (3) differencesBlanski and Cao, RS, 201515
S-NPP VIIRS Issue: SNPP VIIRS RTA/HAMSync LossCourtesy of G. Lin, VCST16
Special issue of Remote Sensing (Guest Editor: Dr. Changyong Cao)“VIIRS Cal/Val and Applications” 27 papers already publishedonline (http://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing/special issues/VIIRS?view default)Article: Preliminary Inter-Comparison between AHI, VIIRS and MODIS Clear-Sky Ocean Radiances forAccurate SST RetrievalsRemote Sens. 2016, 8(3), 203; doi:10.3390/rs8030203Review: VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands Calibration Progress and Its Impact on Ocean Color ProductsRemote Sens. 2016, 8(3), 194; doi:10.3390/rs8030194Article: Radiometric Inter-Calibration between Himawari-8 AHI and S-NPP VIIRS for the Solar ReflectiveBandsRemote Sens. 2016, 8(3), 165; doi:10.3390/rs8030165Article: Evaluation of VIIRS and MODIS Thermal Emissive Band Calibration Stability Using Ground TargetRemote Sens. 2016, 8(2), 158; doi:10.3390/rs8020158Article: Improved VIIRS and MODIS SST ImageryRemote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 79; doi:10.3390/rs8010079Article: Inter-Comparison of S-NPP VIIRS and Aqua MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands Using Hyperspectral Infrared SounderMeasurements as a Transfer ReferenceRemote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 72; doi:10.3390/rs8010072Article: Pre-Launch Radiometric Characterization of JPSS-1 VIIRS Thermal Emissive BandsRemote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 47; doi:10.3390/rs8010047Article: JPSS-1 VIIRS Radiometric Characterization and Calibration Based on Pre-Launch TestingRemote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 41; doi:10.3390/rs8010041Article: Spectral Cross-Calibration of VIIRS Enhanced Vegetation Index with MODIS: A Case Study Using Year-Long GlobalArticle: The Potential of Autonomous Ship-Borne Hyperspectral Radiometers for the Validation of Ocean Color DataRadiometry DataRemote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 34; doi:10.3390/rs8010034Remote Sens. 2016, 8(2), 150; doi:10.3390/rs8020150Article: Monitoring the NOAA Operational VIIRS RSB and DNB Calibration Stability Using Monthly and Semi-Monthly DeepArticle: Assessing the Effects of Suomi NPP VIIRS M15/M16 Detector Radiometric Stability and RelativeConvective Clouds Time SeriesSpectral Response Variation on StripingRemote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 32; doi:10.3390/rs8010032Remote Sens. 2016, 8(2), 145; doi:10.3390/rs8020145Article: Improved Band-to-Band Registration Characterization for VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands Based on Lunar ObservationsArticle: JPSS-1 VIIRS Pre-Launch Response Versus Scan Angle Testing and PerformanceRemote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 27; doi:10.3390/rs8010027Remote Sens. 2016, 8(2), 141; doi:10.3390/rs8020141Article: Radiometric Stability Monitoring of the Suomi NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Reflective SolarArticle: An Overview of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Science Data Product Calibration andBands Using the MoonValidationRemote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 15; doi:10.3390/rs8010015Remote Sens. 2016, 8(2), 139; doi:10.3390/rs8020139Article: Comparison between the Suomi-NPP Day-Night Band and DMSP-OLS for Correlating Socio-Economic Variables at theArticle: Soumi NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band Stray Light Characterization and Correction Using Calibration View Provincial Level in ChinaDataRemote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 17; doi:10.3390/rs8010017Remote Sens. 2016, 8(2), 138; doi:10.3390/rs8020138Article: User Validation of VIIRS Satellite ImageryReview: Comparison of the Calibration Algorithms and SI Traceability of MODIS, VIIRS, GOES, and GOES-R Remote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 11; doi:10.3390/rs8010011ABI SensorsRemote Sens. 2016, 8(2), 126; doi:10.3390/rs8020126Article: Validation of S-NPP VIIRS Sea Surface Temperature Retrieved from NAVORemote Sens. 2015, 7(12), 17234-17245; doi:10.3390/rs71215881Article: Assessment of S-NPP VIIRS On-Orbit Radiometric Calibration and PerformanceRemote Sens. 2016, 8(2), 84; doi:10.3390/rs8020084Article: Validation of the Suomi NPP VIIRS Ice Surface Temperature Environmental Data RecordRemote Sens. 2015, 7(12), 17258-17271; doi:10.3390/rs71215880Letter: An Investigation of a Novel Cross-Calibration Method of FY-3C/VIRR against NPP/VIIRS in theDunhuang Test SiteArticle: Suomi NPP VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands Operational Calibration ReprocessingRemote Sens. 2016, 8(1), 77; doi:10.3390/rs8010077Remote Sens. 2015, 7(12), 16131-16149; doi:10.3390/rs71215823Article: Fast and Accurate Collocation of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Measurements withCross-Track Infrared SounderArticle: Quality Assessment of S-NPP VIIRS Land Surface Temperature ProductRemote Sens. 2015, 7(9), 12215-12241; doi:10.3390/rs7091221517
Jason 3 Radiometer Calibration Support Jason 3 AMR radiometerwill be intercomparedwith Jason 2 and otherinstruments to ensurestability;Pitch maneuver will alsobe performed to improvethe calibration on thecold end;Cal/Val methodologieshave been developedbased on Jason 2, SARAL,and other missions;We will support theRadiometer calibration,working closely with thealtimetry team.Courtesy of Laury Miller, Satellite Altimetry Laboratory, STAR/SOCDBrightness temperature difference between Jason2/AMR andSARAL/Altika/DFMR for the 23.8G Hz common channel. Colorrepresents meridian distance from equator (or latitude without sign). Noclear trend in both difference and ratio time series is observed.Zhang et al., Marine Geodesy Special Issue: The SARAL/AltiKa Satellite Altimetry Mission,Volume 38, 201518
GOES-R/ABI: Himawari/AHI andIASI/CrIS/AIRS IntercomparisonCourtesy of JMA19
GOES-R Field Campaign OverviewThe purpose of the GOES-R field campaign is to support post-launchvalidation of L1b & L2 products:Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) & Geostationary Lighting Mapper (GLM): Planning 6 week field campaign ( 100 flight hours) with the high-altitudeNASA ER-2 platform coordinated with ground based and near surfaceobservations over several Earth targets» April – June 2017ER-2Small UAS20
GSICS - CEOS InteractionBackground The initial concept of GSICS was brought forward by people involved in calibration activities with some links with CEOS WGCV. Important interaction on the QA4EO in (2009-2010). Resulted in GPPA ( inherited from QA4EO). WGCV Chair in the GSICS Executive Panel, and the GSICS EP Chair in WGCV. Lots of overlap among group members.Interaction in 2014 In Feb 17-21, 2014 , 37th CEOS WGCV-36 held in Frascati, Italy. GSICS members Jerome Lafeuille ( GSICS EPMember) andTim Hewison invited to the meeting. In Sept – Oct 2014 NOAA hosted, 38 th CEOS , Mitch Goldberg ( GSICS EP Member ) , Lawrence E Flynn (Director GCC) andManik Bali(Deputy Director GCC) presented GSICS , GSICS Coordination Center activities and GSICS Procedure for ProductAcceptance ( GPPA ).Outcome of 38th CEOS Meeting at NOAAMeeting resulted in following action items on GSICS MWSG Chair to have a communication with GSICS on how WGCV can offer support on best practices. WGCV Secretariat to send out the list of potential GSICS-WGCV Cooperation items outlined by GSICS to each subgroup chair WGCV ( Completed) Subgroup Chairs to identify and prioritize specific activity areas for interaction with GSICS. Mitch Goldberg suggested to WGCV to establish surface reference sites, and help with procedures for best practices.21
Challenges in GSICS Multiple GSICSReferences» Merging or Single» Handling Transitions» Traceability» CLARREO/TRUTHS» The Moon» The Sun New Instruments inGSICS– New Channels(GEO NIR UV MW)– Sounders– Hyperspectral– High-Resolution New Sub-GroupsCurtsey Tim Hewison22
GRWG CEOS CollaborationGSICS ExecPanelGSICSCoordinationCenterUVSub-GroupCEOS ACCRose/LarryGSICS ResearchWorking GroupVIS/NIRSub-GroupWGCV ACSGGSICS DataWorking GroupIRSub-GroupMicrowave SubGroupWGCV IVOSWGCV MWSGTim HewisonCheng-Zhi ZouGPM X-CALRalphFerraro/RachaelClose interaction with CEOS needed at subgroup level to meet challenges.23Areas include : SAR calibration, Solar spectrum for calibration, lunar inter-calibration etcCurtsey Tim Hewison
GCC – GSICS Quarterly NewsletterGSICS Quarterly NewsletterFeatures New format since Fall2013. Since Winter 2014, theNewsletter has a doi. Accepts articles on topicsrelated to calibration (Preand Post launch). New Landing page on theGCC website. Rate and Commentsection: readers andauthors can interact. Articles are reviewed bysubject matter experts24
Summary VIIRS on Suomi NPP has been performing well;» The RTA mirror degradation has leveled off Scientists continue to explore the new capabilities of the DNB; J1 VIIRS is not identical to Suomi NPP VIIRS» Several issues on SNPP are resolved for J1RTA mirror degradation, SEU, and Sync loss» Several waivers are being mitigatedDNB &SWIR nonlinearity, polarization sensitivity, etc» Additional validation capabilities are being developed, especially for DNB Other initiatives:reprocessing, J1 launch preparation, VIIRS special issue S-NPP VIIRS RSB, TEB, and DNB performance factors aremonitored in near real-time.» NOAA National Calibration Center (NCC) site athttp://ncc.nesdis.noaa.gov/VIIRS/index.php» NOAA Integrated Cal/Val System (ICVS) site athttp://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/icvs/status NPP VIIRS.php25
Article: Assessing the Effects of Suomi NPP VIIRS M15/M16 Detector Radiometric Stability and Relative Spectral Response Variation on Striping Remote Sens. 2016, 8(2), 145; doi:10.3390/rs8020145 . Article: Validation of the Suomi NPP VIIRS Ice Surface Temperature Environmental Data Record . Remote Sens. 2015, 7(12), 17258- 17271; doi:10.3390 .
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