2020 Public Library Technology Survey - Ala
Public Library Association2020 Public LibraryTechnology SurveySummary Report
Executive SummaryOverviewPublic libraries have long served as both an essential thread in our nation’s digital safety net anda launch pad for learning and exploring technology applications, services, and devices. The 2020Public Library Technology Survey provides the most current and complete snapshot of public librarytechnology capacity, including resources for library patrons, technology infrastructure, digital literacy,and technology staff and budget. While significant differences exist among city, suburban, and town/rural libraries, survey results show how libraries of all sizes continue to serve as hubs for digital equityin their communities. Findings include:Almost one-third(32.6%) of publiclibraries offer internethotspots for check out.More than 88% of all publiclibraries offer some kind offormal or informal digitalliteracy programming.Less than half of public libraries(43.7%) increased their bandwidthin the last two years, and morethan one-third (34.6%) are unableto improve bandwidth becausefaster speeds are not available.Nearly half of public libraries(48.7%) provided streaming publicprograms (e.g., with remote speakers)in the previous 12 months.More than one-third (36.7%)of public libraries havededicated staff for digitalliteracy and technologyprograms and training.One in five publiclibraries (20%) provideaccess to 3D printers.The findings are particularly relevant as the COVID-19 pandemic exposed persistent digitaldivides nationwide. New data related to libraries circulating technology for patron use off-site andtechnology-enabled programs and services reflect some of the ways libraries extended their reach,even when their buildings were closed temporarily to the public. While the data presented in thisreport was collected during the height of the pandemic, that was not the survey’s focus.1 Librarieswere asked to report technology as usually available, whether before or during the pandemic or if thelibrary planned to make the technology available again in the future.The Public Library Association fielded the survey in fall/winter 2020 to a nationally representativesample of public library administrative entities (AE). About 80% of AEs are single-outlet libraries, andthe remainder are multi-branch library systems. The survey response rate was 62.2 percent.2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary ReportExecutive Summary 2
About the Survey DataPLA fielded the Public Library Technology Survey in collaboration with the American Institutes forResearch (AIR). The survey was similar in content to the Digital Inclusion Survey2 and its predecessorsdating back roughly two decades. While the surveys have differed slightly in sampling methods, the2020 data nonetheless affirm and continue to document how public libraries are adapting to changingneeds and adopting emerging technology devices and applications to serve diverse communities. Thedata also continue to show persistentgaps in available public technologyresources and staffing among city,suburban, and town/rural libraries.Using data from the Institute ofMuseum and Library Services (IMLS)Public Libraries Survey, the samplewas designed to be representative ofU.S. public libraries (for more detailsee page 11). In the charts below,this report highlights percentages forpublic libraries overall and by locale0%10%20%30% 40%50% 60%70%80%90% 100%Color printer(s)Large-formatprinter(s)3D printer(s)WirelessprintingCopymachine(s)Fax machine(s)type. Locale indicates the level ofurbanization of a given location, withlibraries divided into the categories ofScanner(s)Laptop(s)city, suburban, and town/rural.Tablet(s)Library Resourcesfor PatronsU.S. public libraries provide a rangeof technology resources inside librarybuildings and, increasingly, extendingbeyond their grounds. Among thequestions in this section, the surveyasked about on-site technology,circulating technology (i.e., devicesavailable for patrons to check out),and technology-enabled services orE-readersEarly learningdevicesDigital mediaproduction labRecreationalvideo gamingconsolesSmart ObjectsVirtual rces (e.g., e-books and online jobresources).Among the newer technologiesavailable in public libraries, Figure 12020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary ReportFigure 1. Percentage of public libraries offeringtechnology for on-site patron usen Cityn Suburbn Town/Ruraln OverallExecutive Summary 3
0%10%20%30% 40%50% 60%0%70%30% 40%50% 60%70%80%90% 100%Streamingand otherdownloadablemediaLaptopsOnline homeworkassistanceTabletsOnline job/employmentresourcesE-ReadersFigure 2. Percentage of public librariescirculating technology for off-site patron usen Suburb20%E-books/E-audio booksInternethotspotsn City10%n Town/RuralOnlinelanguagelearningOnline healthresourcesn OverallVideoconferencingsoftwareshows that a majority of city libraries (51.7%),compared with 30% in suburban and 13.7% inDesignsoftwaretown/rural libraries, now provide access to 3Dprinters. Less than 3% of all library locationsreported offering this service in the 2014Digital Inclusion Survey. Disparities can also beseen with digital media production labs (52.5%Figure 3. Percentage of public libraries offeringtechnology-enabled services or resources to patrons—including both subscription services and resourcescurated by the library systemn Cityn Suburbn Town/Ruraln Overallin city libraries compared with 10.2% in town/rural libraries), early learning devices (75% in city and 36% in town/rural), and virtual reality headsets(35.2% in city and 9.2% in town/rural). Wireless printing (64.1%) and laptops (53.1%) are available in amajority of all libraries. Table 2 of the report that follows provides complete data.When libraries were forced to close to the public due to health and safety guidelines, manyboosted their Wi-Fi signals to extend further and made technology available for check out.3 Overall,half of all libraries (50.1%) provide some technology for use outside the library. Figure 2 shows thatcirculating internet hotspots is the most common of these, provided by more than half of city libraries(51.8%), nearly half of suburban libraries (47.4%) and more than a quarter of town/rural libraries (25.5%),where cellular data coverage for hotspots is more likely to be unreliable.The most widely available technology-enabled service or resource is e-books and e-audiobooks,which more than 90% of all public libraries offer (Figure 3). More than half of all libraries also provideaccess to online job and employment resources (63.5%), online health resources (60.7%) andonline language learning (53.1%). Streaming and other downloadable media (e.g., video, music, andmagazines) are available at 49.1% of all libraries. Coming on the heels of advocacy for improved libraryaccess, licensing terms and pricing for digital resources,4 the 2020 survey also asked about the mostcommon impediments libraries faced in providing digital content (e.g., e-books) and strategies theyare pursuing to improve public access (e.g., consortium purchasing). Tables 15 and 16 in the report thatfollows detail library responses.2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary ReportExecutive Summary 4
Library Technology InfrastructureAs anyone following politics in recent years knows, the definition of “infrastructure” is contested.Widely agreed, though, is that it is foundational physical and organizational structures needed forthe operation of an enterprise—libraries in this case. This section of the PLA survey took an inclusiveapproach—from library websites as enablers of access to library “virtual branches” to subscribedbroadband and public Wi-Fi to computers and firewalls. While most of this infrastructure is invisibleto the public and to policymakers, it is essential to fulfilling libraries’ digital equity promise. As oneexample, one in four town/rural libraries report that broadband limitations impede their offerings ofdigital content (see Table 15 of the report that follows). Poor broadband capacity impacts both thenumber of devices that can be supported for simultaneous use, and the type of applications that maybe fully enabled. Streaming media, virtual classrooms, and telehealth, for instance, demand higherquality and faster internet speeds.Figure 4 shows that public Wi-Fi access is ubiquitous across all library types, and provision of alibrary website nearly so. Most noteworthy is that 64.7% of all libraries report fiber optic connections.Fiber optic technology uses lightsignals to send data, making it faster,more reliable, and generally more0%flexible for future upgrades. In the 2014case. While not directly comparable,the 2020 data is directionally promisingand also consistent relative to thegap between city (83.8% with fiber),suburban (71.7%) and town/rurallibraries (60.6%).Most libraries (84%) report their20%30% 40%50% 60%70%80%90% 100%LibrarywebsiteDigital Inclusion Survey, roughly 44%of library outlets reported this was the10%Wirelessinternet forpatronsFiber Figure 4. Infrastructuren Cityn Suburbn Town/Ruraln Overallinternet speeds on public computersare sufficient “often” (as opposedto rarely, or sometimes), with town/rural libraries reporting the least sufficiency. Eighteen percentof town/rural libraries report speeds are sometimes (15.3%) or rarely (2.7%) sufficient for patrons.Wi-Fi speeds “often” meet patrons’ needs for 79.2% of libraries overall. Unfortunately, a significantpercentage of libraries (about 35%) did not answer the question about their subscribed download andupload speeds for their internet service. Tables 7 and 8 in the report provide more detail on librarybroadband speeds. Limiting factors that constrain libraries’ ability to improve broadband connectivity(see Table 9) include speeds available in the area (43.2% of town/rural libraries report this as a factor)and cost (reported by 34% of libraries overall).Almost 93% of libraries reported having upgraded their bandwidth, their internal networkconnections (e.g., routers or cabling), or firewalls/security measures within the previous 24 months.2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary ReportExecutive Summary 5
ference between city andtown/rural 10%0%BandwidthInternalnetworkFirewallsor bileCloudcomputer based gsoftwarelicense orequipmentDigitalsignageFigure 5. Infrastructure components added, replaced, or upgraded within the past 2 years.Percentage labels on the chart indicate the difference between city libraries and town/rural libraries.n Cityn Suburbn Town/Ruraln OverallHowever, within each of these categories there is wide variation by locale. For example, only 40.4%of town/rural libraries have upgraded their bandwidth, compared to 51.4% of city libraries. Theoverall highest percentage response was 69.8% of all libraries reporting upgrades to library desktopcomputers. This tracks with Figure 4, which shows a majority (57.4%) of libraries have hardwarereplacement schedules in place, while other upgrades are less likely to have a set timetable. Town/rural libraries lag behind their city and suburban peers in all infrastructure categories by about 10% oras much as 46.2% as with videoconferencing software licenses relative to city libraries (Figure 5).Digital Literacy & Technology-Enabled ProgramsIn addition to providing access to technology, public libraries offer training and assistance to helppatrons use that technology. Training can take the form of formal programs or classes and/or informalor point-of-use training on technology and related skills. Overall, 88.3% of libraries offer some typeof programming or training for patrons on digital literacy skills. It is much more likely to be informal,2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary ReportExecutive Summary 6
meaning one-one-one technology helpprovided by a library staff member orvolunteer upon patron request. Almost85% of libraries provide some type ofinformal training, while only 42% provideformal programs or classes in the sameareas (Figure 6).The capacity of libraries to offertraining varies by locale (Figure 7). Thedifference between city and town/rurallibraries is less than 15% for trainingon general computer skills, generalinternet use, safe online practices,videoconferencing technologies, andwebsite development. The difference islargest in the area of coding/computerprogramming, which is offered by 65.1%of city libraries, but only 22% of town/rural libraries. Among both suburban andtown/rural libraries, the most commontype of formal programs or classes are incomputer software (e.g., word processing,presentation), while the most commoninformal point-of-use training is in generalcomputer skills (e.g., how to use a mouse0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%Generalcomputer skillsGeneral computersoftwareGeneralinternet useUsing onlinedatabasesSafe onlinepracticesSocial mediaGeneral familiaritywith new technologyAssistivetechnology pmentDigital D Printingand keyboard). Among city libraries, themost common type of formal program/class is in coding/computer programming,while the most common informal trainingis in general internet use (e.g., webFigure 6. Percentage of public librariesoffering informal vs. formal training ondigital literacy-related topicsn Informal, point-of-use trainingn Formal program/classsearching). (See Table 11.)The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is perhaps best illustrated by the technology-enabledprograms and services public libraries formally offered alone or in partnership with other organizations(Figure 8). At the time of the survey, almost half (48.7%) of all public libraries had offered streamingpublic programs, while 42.6% had offered online discussion forums such as book groups orcommunity forums. This is consistent with an earlier PLA survey that found a majority of respondingpublic libraries had launched virtual programming after the start of the pandemic.5When asked about the greatest challenges that the library faces in providing digital literacyassistance or training, respondents identified personnel, finances, infrastructure, community2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary ReportExecutive Summary 7
0%10%20% 30%40% 50%60%70%80% 90% 100%Generalcomputerskills0%10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%70% 80% wareLiveinstructordistancelearningGeneralinternet useUsing onlinedatabasesOnline jobtrainingSafe onlinepracticesSocial mediaOnlinediscussionforumsGeneralfamiliarity withnew gy useUsing videoconferencingtechnologiesHackathonsor al contentcreationVirtual csOnline legalassistance orconsultation3D PrintingFigure 7. Percentage of public librariesoffering digital literacy-related training(formal or informal) by localeFigure 8. Percentage of public libraries offeringformal technology-enabled programs or servicesin the past 12 monthsn Cityn Cityn Suburbn Town/Ruraln Overalln Suburbn Town/Ruraln Overallcharacteristics, and COVID-19. Staff challenges include a lack of time or expertise. Funding andinfrastructure for training are related, as libraries may lack the funds to purchase the necessaryequipment or software. COVID-19 has limited how libraries can assist users with technology, withoutthe ability for staff to sit “elbow to elbow” with patrons to walk them through what they need. Oftenvirtual trainings cannot reach people who require help to access the virtual training: the peoplewho quite possibly most need it are those who cannot reach it. Demographics factor into this, ascommunities with high proportions of rural, elderly, or poor residents may be most at risk of fallingfurther behind in the digital divide.2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary ReportExecutive Summary 8
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%Full-timelibrary staf0%10%20%30%40%50%60%Town/RuralConsortium, statelibrary system, orother AE support80% 90%59.9%OverallPart-timelibrary City/countysupportn Library leadership has FULL control over the decisionmaking of those technology expendituresVolunteerstaffn Library leadership has SOME control over the decisionmaking of those technology expendituresOthern Library leadership has NO control over the decisionmaking of those technology expendituresFigure 9. Types of IT support staff. IT supportstaff are those dedicated to maintaining theinformation technology services and resourcesavailable at the library, and assisting librarypatrons with using these products.n Cityn Suburbn Town/Ruraln OverallFigure 10. Percentage of public libraries with specificbudgets for technology expenditures and the level ofcontrol over that budget. Percentage labels indicatethe total percentage of libraries with a budget lineitem(s) or funding designated specifically for publicaccess technology. Stacked bars indicate the level oflibrary control over that budget.IT Staffing and FundingThe final section of the survey focused on funding and the human “infrastructure” (i.e., staff) to supportlibrary technology offerings in their communities. Figure 9 details the types of IT support libraries havein place. Respondents could choose more than one option, and the most common for all librarieswas IT support through a consortium, state library, or other administrative entity (45.9%). City librariesare more than twice as likely to report having full-time library IT staff (65.4%) compared to suburbanlibraries (32.5%) and almost six times as likely as town/rural (11%). A majority (54.1%) of city libraries alsohave access to city/county IT staff. Town/rural libraries are more than twice as likely to use volunteer ITstaff (20.5%) than city (7.1%) and suburban (6.5%) libraries. Town/rural libraries also were the most likelyto report that lack of staff expertise (18.7%) was an impediment to improving broadband, compared to8% of suburban and 6.5% of city libraries (see Table 9).The Public Libraries Survey jointly administered by the Institute of Museum and Library Services andstate library administrative agencies collects information on operating expenditures in three categories:staff, collections, and “other.”6 The “other” category would include technology-related expenditures. Ata more granular level, Figure 10 shows that a significant majority (59.9%) of public libraries have budgetline items or funding specifically for public access technology within their budgets. Of these, however,only 38.2% have full control over these expenditures, and more than 20% of libraries did not respondas to whether they had full, some, or no control over these expenditures. Because a majority of public2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary ReportExecutive Summary 9
libraries are established as units of city,county, or parish government, theseentities likely retain significant decisionmaking authority.0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%Library Servicesand TechnologyAct (LSTA) fundsFederal E-RateFinally, Figure 11, speaks to otherrevenue sources outside the operatingbudget, including federal, state, and localState universalservice fundsgovernment funds, as well as grantsand donations. A majority of all librariessupplement their operating budgetswith grants (57.9%) and donations orfundraisers (52.9%). Additional detailrelated to the federal E-rate program isCity/countyfundsGrantsDonations orfundraisersavailable in Table 20.ConclusionThe results of PLA’s 2020 Public LibraryFigure 11. Percentage of public libraries usingrevenue sources outside of the operating budget fortechnology expendituresn Cityn Suburbn Town/Ruraln OverallTechnology Survey provide essentialinformation about libraries’ digitalresources and capacity, as well as trends to watch and persistent issues to address. Key amongthese issues is digital equity: for everyone to participate fully in a shared digital future, fast, affordablebroadband infrastructure and technology-related training and support are needed for libraries and thecommunities we serve.7 This work has already begun, such as through ALA’s successful advocacy forfederal recovery funding for libraries and library staff and PLA’s digital literacy initiatives.8 Going forward,ALA and PLA will continue to work closely with public and private funders and other national partners toamplify, advocate for, and strengthen the vital roles public libraries play in their communities.Notes1.COVID-specific library surveys can be found at: ala.org/tools/covid/data-research.2.Information about the Digital Inclusion Survey is available at: ala.org/tools/research/digitalinclusion.3.Data and examples provided in Libraries Respond to COVID-19 fact sheet.4.For more information, please visit ala.org/pla/issues/ebooklending.5.Public Library Association, “Public Libraries Respond to COVID-19” (March 2020): itute of Museum and Library Services, Public Libraries Survey: -libraries-survey.7.ALA Broadband Advocacy: ala.org/advocacy/broadband.8.PLA Digital Literacy initiatives: ala.org/pla/initiatives/digitalliteracy.2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary ReportExecutive Summary 10
2020 Public LibraryTechnology SurveyDetailed ResultsBackgroundIn fall 2020 the Public Library Association, in collaboration with the American Institutes for Research(AIR), fielded the Public Library Technology Survey to a nationally representative sample of publiclibraries.1 The survey was similar in content to the Digital Inclusion Survey2 and its predecessors datingback roughly two decades. These earlier studies used library outlets as the unit of analysis, but the PLA2020 survey used the library “administrative entity” (AE) because of the extensive data about each AEavailable from the Public Libraries Survey; these data were essential to the sample design and for postsurvey weighting (see Appendix A).The sample was designed to be representative of public libraries by region3, governmental/legal structure4, locale5, and the demographics of the library’s census tract.6 These characteristicswere selected by using a classification and regression tree procedure that identified characteristicsthat most often predicted differences among groups of public libraries based on per-person outputmetrics. The percentages presented in this report are estimates of the percentage of all public librariesin the United States calculated by weighting responses to the survey. (See Appendix A for moredetailed information about the sample design, survey methodology, and weighting procedure.) Localeis a common geographic indicator of the level of urbanization of a given location. Table 1 shows thetotal number of public libraries that the sample represented by locale, which are the denominators forall percentages in this report. For most tables in this report, percentages will not sum to 100 becauserespondents could select more than one option.2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary Report11
Table 1. Number of Public Libraries and Approximate Total Population of Service Areas, by LocaleLocaleNumber of PublicLibrariesCityNumber of SingleOutlet LibrariesNumber of MultipleOutlet LibrariesApproximate Total Population ofLibrary Legal Service Areas480150330113 millionSuburb2,3641,857507137 millionTown/Rural6,3345,45587974 millionOverall9,1787,4621,716324 millionNOTE: Sample frame excluded libraries in U.S. outlying areas, California county law libraries, and libraries that did not operate a stationarylocation (i.e., only operated bookmobiles). Population totals aggregate the population of each public library, even if some of the population isserved by more than one public library. SOURCE: Sample frame based on the FY 2018 Public Libraries Survey, Library System (AE) data file.Public Access TechnologyTable 2 lists the different technologies that public libraries make available for patron use at the library.Copy machines are almost universally available (98.1 percent), and color printers, scanners, and faxmachines are all available in more than three-quarters of public libraries.Table 2. Percentage of Public Libraries Offering Technology for On-Site Patron Use, by LocaleTechnologyCitySuburbTown/RuralOverallColor printer(s)90.8%92.0%85.3%87.3%Large-format printer(s)22.4%18.8%18.7%18.9%3D printer(s)51.7%30.0%13.7%20.0%Wireless printing76.6%72.4%60.0%64.1%Copy .3%27.3%24.4%25.1%Early learning devices (e.g., AWE station)75.0%54.3%36.0%42.7%Digital media production lab (e.g., lab withhardware/software for creating videos, scanningcontent, editing digital photos)52.5%22.4%10.2%15.5%Recreational video gaming consoles (e.g.,PlayStation, Xbox)54.9%35.6%20.5%26.2%Smart objects (e.g., LittleBits, Arduino)50.8%36.0%16.4%23.2%Fax machine(s)Virtual reality headsets (e.g., Oculus)35.2%19.6%9.2%13.2%Assistive technology (e.g., screen .4%6.9%Other8.0%7.1%3.7%4.8%NOTE: Percentages in each column will not sum to 100 because respondents could select more than one option.2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary Report12
Table 3 lists the different technologies that public libraries circulate for patron use outside thelibrary. Except for internet hotspots, fewer than one-quarter of public libraries (overall and by locale)circulate any specific technology for patron use outside the library.Table 3. Percentage of Public Libraries Circulating Technology for Off-Site Patron Use, by LocaleTechnologyInternet 2%3.5%5.6%Any of the above65.4%62.4%44.4%50.1%NOTE: Percentages in each column will not sum to 100 because respondents could select more than one option.Table 4 shows the various technology-enabled services and resources that public libraries makeavailable to patrons. The most widely available service or resource was e-books and e-audiobooks,which 93.0 percent of all public libraries offer. Online job and employment resources were the nextmost frequently offered (63.5 percent). Streaming and other downloadable media and online languagelearning are offered by about half of public libraries.Table 4. Percentage of Public Libraries Offering Technology-Enabled Services or Resourcesto Patrons, by LocaleService or ResourceCitySuburbTown/RuralOverallE-books/E-audio books (e.g., Overdrive)100.0%98.1%90.6%93.0%Streaming and other downloadable media (e.g., Kanopy,Hoopla, Zinio, Freegal)90.4%76.9%35.6%49.1%Online homework assistance (e.g., Brainfuse, tutor.com)64.6%51.0%29.6%36.9%Online job/employment resources (e.g., Learning Express)90.4%79.4%55.6%63.5%Online language learning (e.g., Mango)89.5%76.8%41.4%53.1%Online health resources (e.g., Medline Plus, Health.gov)88.0%76.5%52.7%60.7%Videoconferencing software (e.g., Adobe Connect,GoToMeeting, Zoom, etc.)28.8%26.6%27.6%27.4%Design software (e.g., Adobe InDesign, Photoshop)48.4%20.9%12.9%16.8%OtherAny of the above9.9%7.0%2.5%4.0%100.0%99.5%94.7%96.2%NOTE: Percentages in each column will not sum to 100 because respondents could select more than one option.2020 Public Library Technology Survey Summary Report13
Table 5 shows several mobile-enabled technologies that public libraries offer. More than half (52.0percent) of all public libraries offer mobile apps to access library services, and 62.6 percent have awebsite optimized for mobile devices.Table 5. Percentage of Public Libraries Offering Mobile-Enabled Technologies, by optimized website88.9%81.0%53.8%62.6%Mobile apps to access library services71.1%66.8%45.0%52.0%QR codes40.9%27.4%10.7%16.6%Mobile-enabled printing ny of the above97.7%92.3%67.9%75.7%NOTE: Percentages in each column will not sum to 100 because respondents could select more than one option.The survey also asked if respondents conduct technology-based mobile outreach in theircommunities, typically via a mobile laptop lab or other “tech-mobile.” Overall, 16 percent of all publiclibraries do so; 47.1 percent of city, 20.7 percent of suburban, and 11.9 percent of town/rural libraries.InfrastructureTable 6 includes results from several independent questions about infrastructure-related topics.Almost all public libraries (98.4 percent) offer wireless internet (Wi-Fi) to patrons, consistent across alllocales. Library websites are nearly as common. A majority of public libraries (64.7 percent) reportedhaving a fiber optic internet connection, including six in 10 libraries in towns or rural areas. Librariesin cities and suburbs are more likely to have hardware replacement schedules (86.2 percent and 72.1percent, respectively) than town/rural libraries (49.6 percent).Table 6. Percentage of Public Libraries Reporting Infrastructure-Related Questions, by LocaleInfrastructure-Related QuestionCitySuburbTown/RuralOverallLibrary has a website100.0%99.3%90.5%93.3%Library offers wireless internet to patrons99.0%98.5%98.4%98.4%Library reports having fiber optic internetconnection83.8%71.7%60.6%64.7%Library (or entity controlling technologypurchasing) has hardware replacement schedule86.2%72.1%49.6%57.4%NOTE: Percentages in each column will not sum to 100
a launch pad for learning and exploring technology applications, services, and devices. The 2020 . Public Library Technology Survey provides the most current and complete snapshot of public library . technology capacity, including resources for library patrons, technology infrastructure, digital literacy, and technology staff and budget.
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