Medical Technology Industry Workforce And Skills Review

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Medical technology industryworkforce and skills reviewCommissioned by the Medical Technology Association of Australiaon behalf of the NSW Medical Technology Knowledge Hub2015

AcknowledgementsThis report was commissioned by the Medical Technology Associationof Australia (MTAA) on behalf of the NSW Medical Technology KnowledgeHub. The MTAA is the national association representing companies in themedical technology industry. The Medical Technology Knowledge Hub,launched in March 2015, is a collaborative network between academia,industry and government to improve the business environment for allfacets of the medical technology industry.General use restrictionThis report was prepared by Deloitte Access Economics solely for the MTAA onbehalf of the NSW Medical Technology Knowledge Hub. It is not intended to beused or relied upon by anyone else and we accept no duty of care to any otherperson or entity. The report has been prepared for the purpose of reviewing themedical technology industry’s workforce and skills. You should not refer to oruse our name or the advice for any other purpose.2

ContentsGlossary 4Executive summary 51. Background 81.1 Introduction to the MedTech industry101.2 The MedTech industry in the Australian economy111.3 MedTech compared with other industries121.4 Previous MedTech skills study131.5 Methodology used in this study152. MedTech industry trends2.1 Demographic change and the ageing population2.2 Emerging markets in Asia2.3 Technological advancements2.4 The regulatory environment2.5 Healthcare costs, funding and business models1618212426273. Workforce analysis 283.1 Skills and the MedTech industry303.2 Education of employees333.3 Women in MedTech354. Where are the skills gaps?384.1 Overview 404.2 Product research and development424.3 Regulatory affairs 454.4 Australian sales and marketing475. Why are there skills gaps?5.1 Unclear pathways into MedTech and lack of industry awareness5.2 Insufficient linkages between industry and universities4850526. How are skills gaps currently being addressed?6.1 Internal training and transfers6.2 Hiring from other industries and overseas5456587. What will the impact of skills gaps be in the future?7.1 Future skills demand7.2 Impact on future growth6062648. Recommendations to address skills gaps668.1 The evolving policy landscape688.2 Information and awareness698.3 Career links 708.4 Learning by doing728.5 School education 748.6 Reducing red tape75References 76Appendix A – survey questions78Appendix B – list of consultees84Appendix C – workshop attendees and notes85Our People 95Medical technology industry workforce and skills review3

Glossary4ABSAustralian Bureau of StatisticsCEOChief Executive OfficerCFOChief Financial OfficerDAEDeloitte Access EconomicsEMAEuropean Medicines AgencyFDAFood and Drug AdministrationGDPGross Domestic ProductISOInternational Organisation for StandardisationICTInformation and Communications TechnologyITInformation TechnologyMBSMedical Benefits ScheduleMedTechMedical TechnologyMSACMedical Services Advisory CommitteeMTAAMedical Technology Association of AustraliaNSWNew South WalesPCProductivity CommissionR&DResearch & DevelopmentSMESmall- and Medium-sized EnterprisesSTEMScience, Technology, Engineering and MathematicsTGATherapeutic Goods AdministrationUSUnited StatesWHOWorld Health Organisation

Executive summaryThe Medical Technology (MedTech) industry makesa significant social and economic contributionin Australia, improving healthcare outcomes andgenerating innovation and growth. There are over 500MedTech companies in Australia, with a combinedannual turnover of more than 10 billion and employingmore than 19,000 workers in total.MedTech is a growing industry in Australia, and thereare a number of broader trends that will drive futuregrowth across the sector. The ageing Australianpopulation and the earlier onset of chronic disease dueto lifestyle choices are expected to increase domesticdemand for healthcare in the future. In addition, as thelarge populations in countries across the Asia-Pacificregion become wealthier, older and demand morehealthcare, export opportunities for Australian MedTechcompanies are expected to increase. At the same time,rapid and disruptive technological advancements aredriving changes to existing MedTech products, systemsand delivery of care. These changes are also facilitatingincreased innovation and new product development inboth existing and new non-traditional health industries.The nature of the MedTech industry means that theworkforce is required to be highly skilled, educatedand flexible. Using a three-pronged approach includingan industry survey, one-on-one consultations andworkshops across Australia, this study found that thereis a gap between the levels of current employmentand desired employment in the industry. The overallskills gap is around 3% of current employment,approximately representing an additional 660 workerson top of a workforce of more than 19,000 employees.While this is not particularly large, the impact acrossthe MedTech industry is significant – 84% believethat skills gaps have adversely impacted theirorganisation, with 40% reporting that the impacthas become more negative over the past five years.A key reason for the large share of companiesreporting these adverse effects is that the relativelymodest industry-wide skills gap masks larger gapswithin a number of business areas that are critical inthe MedTech industry. In particular: There is a 29% skills gap in the productdevelopment area and a 15% skills gap in theproduct research area, which approximatelyrepresents an additional 170 workers on top ofthe 770 estimated to be working in these areas.Companies highlighted difficulties in finding highquality workers to fill open positions in R&D, withconcerns about attracting ‘top talent’ or peoplewith experience in medical devices. It was notedthat engineering graduates looking to work in R&Dtended to be technically capable, but lacking inbusiness skills. There is a 16% skills gap in the regulatory affairsarea, which approximately represents an additional40 workers on top of the 230 estimated to beworking in this area. Companies reported that thereis no single professional talent pool for regulatoryaffairs and it can be especially difficult to sourceworkers within Australia who have experience inoverseas regulations. Small businesses in particularcan find this area challenging due to the costsassociated with hiring, training and retainingworkers with regulatory skills. There is a 2% skills gap in the Australian salesand marketing area. While this is consistent withthe industry-wide gap, the large number of workersemployed in this area means that it is a significantcontributor to the overall skills gap in MedTech, as itapproximately equates to an additional 110 workerson top of the 5,300 estimated to be working inthis area. Sourcing people with communication andcommercial skills as well as technical understandingof products is reportedly very difficult. Unlike in thepast, sales and marketing personnel now requirebusiness acumen and a real understanding of thecommercial environment and the challenges facedby customers (such as hospitals, governments,clinicians and private health facilities), in additionto and beyond the traditional clinical needs.Medical technology industry workforce and skills review5

This study found a number of reasons are behind theseskills gaps. There is a general lack of awareness of theMedTech industry and its contribution to the economyamongst the Australian population, with the industry asa whole having poor visibility amongst graduates andthe broader community and policymakers. Relatedly,career pathways in the MedTech industry are unclear –both with respect to entering the industry as a universitygraduate and transitioning to the industry from othersectors. There are also not enough linkages betweenMedTech companies and education providers suchas universities and schools, meaning that students arenot able to gain industry experience or knowledge ofthe skills in demand while they are studying.Australian MedTech companies are internally trying toaddress these skills gaps through training programs,fellowships, transferring skills between business areasand hiring new staff from other industries and countries.However, more could be done across the industry,particularly given that future projections suggest thatthe skills gap in MedTech is expected to widen from3% now to 26% over the next five years. Industryconsultations suggest that a growth dividend of 15percentage points could be gained over this period byensuring that MedTech companies are able to sourcethe required skills, which would represent more than 1.5 billion over the next five years.RecommendationsIn light of these factors, this report makes anumber of recommendations to assist in addressingskills gaps in the MedTech industry. Implementingthese recommendations should be part of theproposed MedTech Industry Blueprint, which will laythe foundation for driving growth and collaborationmore broadly across the industry in the future.The recommendations are grouped in five key areas:6 Information and awareness Career links Learning by doing School education Reducing red tape.The key theme underpinning these recommendationsis that collaboration across industry, government,universities and research entities will be requiredto ensure that the measures implemented are longterm, effective and have a lasting impact.This is consistent with the direction in which theAustralian policy landscape is evolving. A numberof state-specific initiatives are recognising thatcollaboration is required to drive growth andinnovation in the MedTech industry in the future,such as the NSW Medical Technology Knowledge Hub,as well as development work and industry investmentin other jurisdictions including Victoria, Queenslandand South Australia. The same trend can be observednationally, with the Federal Government’s MedicalTechnology and Pharmaceuticals Industry Growth Centreand the broader activities of the Medical TechnologyAssociation of Australia (MTAA) also aiming to facilitatecollaboration between industry, government and otherrelevant stakeholders.These collaborative and inclusive initiatives are wellplaced to be the foundation for coordinating theMedTech community and other related stakeholders,and in driving these recommendations forward overthe coming years. Such coordination is necessaryat both a national and state level, in order to avoidduplication, leverage off of related policies and developcombined initiatives to address skills issues in theMedTech industry.

Information and awareness1. MTAA and MedTech and PharmaceuticalsIndustry Growth Centre to use the proposedMedTech Blueprint, MedTech Virtual Museum andother industry initiatives to raise the profile of theMedTech industry amongst the general publicand policymakers.2. MTAA and MedTech and Pharmaceuticals IndustryGrowth Centre to hold regular forums bringingtogether the disparate groups from across theMedTech community in various states to discussissues relevant to skills and the workforce.Career links3. MedTech companies and industry associations (e.g.MTAA) to increase their presence on campus and atcareers fairs to ensure students understand MedTechcareers options.4. MTAA to create a map of current professionaldevelopment opportunities in the MedTech industry,with input from industry and government.7. MedTech companies to identify more clearly toeducation providers what skills are required ingraduates, with an updated stocktake of skillsneeds every three years.School education8. Establish a MedTech Careers program (like theDigital Careers program) that brings togethereducation providers, industry and governmentto promote MedTech careers to school students.9. Bring MedTech into the science classroom byproviding teachers with online resources andproduct examples that showcase medical devicesin the context of the senior science curriculum.Reducing red tape10.Government to streamline MedTech industryregulations to enable more efficient utilisation ofregulatory affairs workers; for example, by ensuringthat tendering is transparent and consistentacross Australia.Learning by doing5. MedTech companies to increase internships andwork placements, with a role for the MedTechand Pharmaceuticals Industry Growth Centre oran industry association (e.g. MTAA) to create anInternship Advisor program with an online toolkitof resources.6. Government and education providers to supportsmaller MedTech companies in mentoring studentsand providing internship programs, which couldotherwise be prohibitive in terms ofresources required.Medical technology industry workforce and skills review7

1BackgroundThis section provides an overview of theMedical Technology (MedTech) industry inAustralia and its position in the Australianeconomy, as well as summarising thefindings of the previous MedTech skillsstudy (undertaken in 2008) and themethodology used in this latest study.employeesturnover8

companiesMedical technology industry workforce and skills review9

1.1 Introduction to the MedTech industryMedTech companies supply a variety of products in Australia that are used for thediagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases.The MedTech industry is a sector of significant social and economic importance in Australia. MedTech companiessupply a variety of products in Australia that are used for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases,including medical devices and diagnostic tools. This can range from common medical supplies such as syringes,medical gloves and dressings, to highly complex technologies such as hearing implants, pacemakers, defibrillators,ophthalmic devices and medical software. The MedTech industry also includes companies that produce and supplymedical imaging equipment, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging machines.The industry contributes enormously to the Australian healthcare system and improving health outcomes amongstthe population, by enabling earlier detection of diseases, more efficient monitoring of patients and more effectivetreatment options. A number of Australian MedTech companies are leading manufacturers and suppliers of medicaldevices and products in their particular areas of therapeutic focus. Some examples of notable Australian MedTechcompanies which have seen substantial domestic and international success in their respective products are providedin the box below.Australian MedTech companiesCochlear manufactures and supplies various sound processors and hearing implants. Cochlear holds aroundtwo-thirds of the worldwide hearing implant market (Thieberger, 2012) and was named as one of the world’smost innovative companies by Forbes in 2011 (Forbes, 2011).ResMed manufactures and supplies products that diagnose, treat and help manage sleep apnea and variousrespiratory conditions. ResMed has a presence in over 100 countries and was also on the Forbes’ 2011 list ofthe world’s most innovative companies (Forbes, 2011).Sirtex develops and delivers treatments for cancer using small-particle technology. Sirtex has successfullypioneered a new medical device to treat patients suffering from inoperable liver cancer, working with leadingresearch institutes to meet clinical needs (Eggleton, 2014).Ellex Medical designs, manufactures and distributes ophthalmic laser and imaging technology used to treatcataract, retina and glaucoma conditions. There are more than 20,000 Ellex ophthalmic laser and ultrasoundsystems in use worldwide (ASX, 2015).MiniFAB develops and manufactures custom-designed microfluidic and microengineered medical devices.The company has been locally and globally successful in micro- and nano-fabrication techniques for areas suchas biosensors and blood analysis (Australian Government, 2011).Anatomics manufactures and markets a range of surgical products, including patient-specific implants and surgicaltools. Anatomics pioneered the use of CT scan-derived surgical implant technology to assist surgeons in improvingoutcomes and saving operating theatre time (Australian Government, 2015).10

1.2 The MedTech industry inthe Australian economyThere are over 500 MedTech companies in Australia, employing more than 19,000workers across a diverse range of skillsets.In Australia, the MedTech industry is a small butgrowing part of the economy. There are over 500MedTech companies in Australia, spanning a diverserange of business sizes including small start-ups,large Australian manufacturers and subsidiaries ofmultinational corporations (MTAA, 2014). At the sametime, the Australian MedTech industry is highly globallyintegrated (IBISWorld, 2015). Many MedTech companieslocated in Australia are importers and distributors ofproducts from overseas, and the medical devices thatare manufactured in Australia are often sold both fordomestic consumption and exported to other countries,with the United States, New Zealand, United Kingdomand Germany being amongst Australia’s top exportmarkets (Commonwealth Department of Industry,2015). Overall, the Australian MedTech industry had aturnover of over 10 billion in 2012-13 (MTAA, 2014).MedTech companies in Australia range from businesseswho conduct their product research, developmentand manufacturing domestically, to those that primarilyimport medical devices and only have a sales andmarketing team based locally. Because of the technicalnature of the products supplied by MedTech companies,the industry has highly specialised skills requirements(IBISWorld, 2015). For example, science and engineeringskills are required not only by employees in theresearch and development area, but also by workers inmanufacturing and sales because workers in these areasneed to have a technical understanding of the devicesbeing produced and sold. Another example is that dueto the tightly regulated nature of the MedTech industryboth domestically and globally, knowledge of regulatoryaffairs is valued across many different business areas.The MedTech industry employs more than 19,000workers in Australia across a diverse range of skillsets(MTAA, 2014).The MedTech industry is forecast to grow in futureyears, both globally and in Australia (Evaluate, 2013and IBISWorld, 2015). This growth is expected to bepartly driven by two key demographic trends: firstly,the ageing population in Australia with increasing lifeexpectancies will lead to a higher incidence of chronicdiseases and co-morbidity issues. Secondly, the growingprosperity of a number of developing economies inthe Asian region (with population ageing also being afactor in these countries) will see increased demand forhealth services, providing a larger market for AustralianMedTech exports. Further technological advancementsare also expected to create new opportunities for theMedTech industry (Deloitte, 2015).Given the highly skilled nature of the MedTechworkforce in Australia, the ability of companies tosource the skilled workers required to grow theirbusiness will be important in determining the extentof the industry’s future growth. A previous ‘skills audit’of the Australian MedTech industry – conducted in 2008– found that a number of skills were in short supply(Deloitte, 2008). However, the rapidly changing natureof the MedTech industry means that skills requirementshave evolved over recent years. As such, this study seeksto review the current demand and availability of skills inthe Australian MedTech industry, and to highlight whereskills gaps presently exist across the MedTech workforcein Australia.Medical technology industry workforce and skills review11

1.3 MedTech comparedwith other industriesThe MedTech industry draws on skills from a variety of study areas – includingcommerce, law, and the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics(STEM) area.The MedTech industry has a unique position inthe Australian economy given the highly technicaland specialised nature of the industry. At a highlevel, the sector that is probably most comparable tothe MedTech industry would be the pharmaceuticalsindustry. Both industries are in the healthcare spaceand are therefore highly regulated, both requiretechnical scientific knowledge for researching anddeveloping products, and both are affected bygovernment and private health insurers’ policies onthe reimbursement and funding of medical productsand services. As such, the pharmaceuticals and MedTechindustries tend to experience broadly similar skills issuessuch as sourcing workers with commercialisation andbusiness skills combined with technical capabilities, andthose with experience in regulatory affairs and clinicalstrategy (Beddie, Creaser, Hargreaves, & Ong, 2014).However, there are also a number of differencesbetween MedTech and pharmaceuticals whichcharacterise them as two distinct industries – forexample, different product life cycles and investmentrecovery periods (which are shorter for MedTechdevices compared to pharmaceuticals), different industrycomposition (with a relatively greater amount of smallcompanies in the MedTech industry) and differenttechnical requirements (MTAA, 2013). As such, whilethe skills requirements across these industries arebroadly similar, the specific skills demanded and theissues experienced with sourcing these skills can differ.12More generally, the MedTech industry draws on skillsfrom a variety of study areas – including commerce,law, and the Science, Technology, Engineering andMathematics (STEM) area. This means that the sectorshares some of the broader concerns raised by otheremployers in the STEM area (such as in ICT and othertechnical sectors) with regards to a sufficient supply ofSTEM skills in the current and future workforce (Deloitte,2014). For example, increasing the number of studentsstudying STEM at schools, universities and othereducation providers could work to increase the potentialpool of skilled workers that could be drawn upon byall employers of STEM workers. However, it is alsoimportant to acknowledge that the unique nature ofthe MedTech industry and the fact that it has a relativelylower profile than many of the other technology-relatedindustries means that some of the key issues facing theMedTech industry are more specific than attractingmore students to study and work in STEM degreesand occupations.Finally, consistent with other industries in the scienceand technology field, there are very few womenin leadership positions across Australian MedTechcompanies. While this is partly associated with therelatively low number of females studying STEMsubjects, it is also partly due to the nature of theMedTech industry and the limited opportunities forwomen to advance. The issue of gender balance isdiscussed in further detail in Section 3.3, and addressingthis will require a concerted commitment by MedTechcompanies to make systemic and cultural changes toensure equity in the workplace.

1.4 Previous MedTech skills studyThe 2008 skills study of the MedTech workforce found that there were a numberof skills gaps across the industry, and proposed a number of recommendations toaddress these.The 2008 skills audit of the MedTech industry inAustralia, funded by the Federal Government, foundthat there were a number of skills gaps in MedTech atthe time (Deloitte, 2008). Gaps were reported acrossthe industry including in manufacturing and sales roles,which represent the largest areas of employment in theAustralian MedTech workforce. However, the greatestgaps between actual and desired employment werefound in export sales and overseas market development(with a gap of 33%), clinical scientists (15%), regulatoryaffairs (13%) and product research anddevelopment (10%).Furthermore, the 2008 study found that skills gapswere especially problematic for certain segments withinthe MedTech industry, particularly start-ups and othersmall- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These smallercompanies experienced a number of challenges withhiring the necessary skills for their business. Providinga high enough wage to attract quality workers wasdifficult, and once hired a lack of economies of scalemade investing in in-house training costly. Moreover,smaller MedTech companies were perceived byworkers to be relatively more risky, due to uncertaintyin potential career paths, as well as being thought toprovide lower wages.This earlier report offered a number of options toaddress skills gaps in the MedTech industry. It wassuggested that university courses should be reformed,with more emphasis placed on practical skills, as wellas introducing lecturer placement programs in order toinform educators on the current challenges facing theindustry. More internships for university students couldalso improve the job readiness of graduates enteringthe job market. Furthermore, it was recommended thatthe industry be promoted, not just at a tertiary level,but to secondary school students as well. In general,the links between the MedTech industry and educationinstitutions needed to be strengthened.The report also noted that overseas workers couldbe more effectively utilised in the Australian MedTechindustry. Talent from outside Australia could be targetedat overseas trade expos, and programs could be set upto encourage greater enrolment from overseas studentsin university courses relevant to the MedTech industry.A number of recommendations were also providedto more effectively utilise existing capabilities and skillsin the MedTech industry. This included the developmentof an industry mentoring program, in which experiencedindustry professionals could advise individuals goingthrough the early stages of developing a MedTechcompany. Other recommendations in this area includedthe creation of a capabilities directory to provideinformation on the services available to companiesin the industry (such as relevant consultancies), and aone-stop website offering commercialisation supportto smaller businesses by bringing together theindustry’s collective knowledge on regulation andcommercialisation.Following the 2008 study, a number of initiativeshave been implemented in order to try and addresssome of the issues that were raised. In particular, theMedical Technology Association of Australia (MTAA)has introduced and facilitated a number of programsrelevant to the recommendations that were made.For example, an internship pilot scheme wasconducted in 2009, which provided university studentswith the opportunity to engage in a learning programby completing an agreed project with a host company.In addition, a workplace learning directory has beendeveloped, listing MedTech companies that havevolunteered to offer workplace learning programsto students in Australia, with accompanyingsupportive guidelines.Medical technology industry workforce and skills review13

A number of professional development programsare also available to companies and employees inthe industry, including face-to-face and online trainingmodules, MedTech seminars and forums, and broaderopportunities for career support. In 2011, a mentoringprogram was developed to connect high potentialaspiring leaders within the MedTech industry with theexpertise, insights and networks of leading individualsfrom other sectors across Australia. This ‘EmergingLeaders Development Program’ was aimed at supportingworkforce development within the MedTech industryand assisting with the professional growth of highlytalented individuals.However, despite the efforts of the MedTech industrysince the 2008 study, it is clear that a number ofissues still remain with regards to ensuring that theworkforce has an adequate supply of skills. In somecases, initiatives were implemented to address particularrecommendations, but these were not as impactful asexpected due to other factors. For example, the take-uprate of the internship pilot scheme in 2009 was relativelylow because of the broader economic environmentat the time, with the global financial crisis causingcompanies to be reluctant to hire interns. In addition,SMEs in the MedTech industry found it challenging tosupport interns due to the sizeable costs involved.14This current study is therefore an opportunity toassess the current skills gaps and issues across theMedTech workforce, and provides a refreshed set ofrecommendations to inform the policy agenda in futureyears. Importantly, this skills study sits within the broaderframework of a MedTech Industry Blueprint, a nationalstrategy which is currently in the process of beingdeveloped in consultation with industry, government,education and community representatives. This Blueprintpresents an overview of the policy priorities and goalsin developing and growing the Australian MedTechindustry in the future (MTAA, 2015). Once complete andfully implemented, it will deliver strategies to address theMedTech industry’s priorities and provide the foundationon which the industry can develop and collaborate,including through building the future workforce andskills that the Australian MedTech will need over thecoming years.

1.5 Methodology used in this studyThis study uses three main approaches to understand the current MedTech industryand workforce: survey, consultations and workshops.In this study, three main approaches were used to supplement desktop research in order togain an understanding of the current state of the MedTech workforce in dentsin totalConsulteesin totalattendeesin totalPurpose: One-on-oneengagement withMedTech companies,universities and recruitersto delve more deeplyinto issues.Purpose: Bring togetherMedTech stakeholdersin industry, governmentand education providersto discuss skills andworkforce issues.Purpose: Collectquantitative data onskills gaps for analysingthe MedTech worforceacross a broad crosssection of companies. An online survey was conducted to

This report was commissioned by the Medical Technology Association of Australia (MTAA) on behalf of the NSW Medical Technology Knowledge Hub. The MTAA is the national association representing companies in the medical technology industry. The Medical Technology Knowledge Hub, launched in March 2015, is a collaborative network between academia,

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