Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass For The International Space . - NASA
CosmicSIGJanuary 5, 2014Cosmic Ray Energetics And Massfor theInternational Space Station(ISS-CREAM)Ian HowleyUniversity of MarylandOn behalf of the CREAM Collaboration
CREAM Collaborators and InstitutionsE. S. Seoa,b,*, T. Andersonc, D. Angelaszeka,b, S. J. Baekd, J. Baylone, M. Buénerdf, M. Copleya, S. Coutucc, L.Deromef, M. Guptaa, J. H. Hana, I. J. Howleya, H. G. Huha, Y. S. Hwangg, H. J. Hyung, I. S. Jeongd, D. H. Kahg, K. H.Kangg, H. J. Kimg, K. C. Kima, M. H. Kima, K. Kwashnaka, J. Leed, M. H. Leea, J. T. Linkh, L. Lutza, A. Malinina, A.Menchaca-Rochae, J. W. Mitchellh, S. Nutteri, O. Ofohaa, H. Parkg, I. H. Parkd, J. M. Parkg, P. Pattersona, J. R.Smitha, J. Wua, and Y. S. Yoona,baInst.for Phys. Sci. and Tech., University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAbDept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAcDept. of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAdDept. of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of KoreaeInstituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, MexicofLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, UJF - CNRS/IN2P3 - INP, Grenoble, FrancegDept. of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of KoreahAstroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAiDept. of Physics and Geology, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA* Principal InvestigatorCosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014I. Howley, CREAM. UMD2
Balloon HeritageCREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass)Project The CREAM instrument measures elementalspectra of cosmic rays directly.– Energy range: 1012 – 1015 eV– Composition: proton to ironBalloon Flight Heritage Six successful Long-Duration Balloon flightsfrom McMurdo station, Antarctica 161 days of cumulative exposures Still more data are needed over 1014 eV.CosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014I. Howley, CREAM. UMD3
CREAM on the ISSMission Design Launch in Dec. 2014– SpaceX-6 (External Cargo) ISS Location: JAXA’s JEM-EF 2 Mass– Up Mass: Payload- 1342 kgwith reserves– Down Mass: 0 kg Power: Payload- 755 Watts Data rate: 350 kbpsCosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014I. Howley, CREAM. UMD4
ElementalSpectraover 4 decadesin energyCosmicRayElementalSpectraAhn et al., ApJ 715, 1400, 2010; Ahn et al. ApJ 707, 593, 2009Science Questions to be AddressedExcellent charge resolution from SCD Do supernovae supply the bulk ofcosmic rays? What is the history of cosmic rays in thegalaxy? What is the origin of the “knee” around3x1015 eV in the cosmic ray energyspectrum? Can the energy spectra of cosmic raysresult from a single mechanism?Distribution of cosmic-ray chargeMission Goalmeasuredwiththe SCD.TheementalSpectraover4ofdecadesin energy Extendthe energyreachdirectelementsclearlyAhn etal., ApJindividual715, 1400,Ahnareetal.ApJ707, 593, 2009measurementsof2010;cosmicraysto theidentified with excellent chargehighestresolution.energy possibleto investigateThe relativeabundance inrayorigins,andent chargecosmicresolutionfromSCDthisplothas noaccelerationphysical significancepropagation.CosmicSIG,Jan. 5, 2014CREAMI. Howley, CREAM.UMDEun-SukSeo58
Cosmic Ray Propagation History Measurements of the relativeabundances of secondarycosmic rays (e.g., B/C) inaddition to the energyspectra of primary nuclei willallow determination ofcosmic-ray source spectra atenergies wheremeasurements are notcurrently available Measure boron to carbonratio at high energies to helpdistinguish betweenpropagation modelsCosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014I. Howley, CREAM. UMD6
CREAMInstrumentISS-CREAMInstrumentrd ICRC,Ahn et al., AhnNIMA NIM579,2007;Amareet33al.33rd#0630,ICRC2013#0630, 2013et al.,A, 1034,579, 1034,2007; Amareet al.Carbon Targets (0.5 int )induces hadronic interactions4 layer Silicon Charge Detector- Precise charge measurements- 380-µm thick 2.12 cm2 pixels- 79 cm x 79 cm active detector areaTop & BottomCountingDetectors- Each with 20 x20 photodiodesand a plasticscitillator fore/p separation- IndependentTriggerPark et al. 33rd ICRC, #1015, 2013Hyun et al. 33rd ICRC, #1017, 2013CREAMCosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014SCDCalorimeter (20 layers W Scn Fibers)- Determine Energy- Provide tracking- Provide r- Additional e/pseparation- Neutron signalsBCDBSDAnderson et al. 33rd ICRC, #0350, 2013Eun-Suk SeoEun-SukI. Howley, CREAM. UMDSeo, ISS-CREAM CDR, 2013187
Mission Phase OverviewCosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014I. Howley, CREAM. UMD8
Command and Data Flow OverviewMarshall SpaceFlight CenterCREAM SFC(CDAQ/STELLA)LRDL(Low Rate Data Link)–1553 basedMRDLMRDLMRDL(Medium Rate Data Link)– Ethernet basedPayload Operations& Integration CenterSatellite(TDRSS)Ku-bandWSCData flowISSCommandsEthernetScience Operation Center, UMDWeb monitoring& operation logPC withSTELLAData relayData relaycdps4Event Display &Data verificationCosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014PC withSTELLAcdps2cdps3Data MonitoringReceiving dataI. Howley, CREAM. UMDcdps1Sending commands9
Connection TestConnection Test between HOSC and SOC Connection test was performed from April 29 to May 3, 2013. During software development test, connection tests between HOSC(MSFC) and SOC (UMD) were carried out. Payload Rack Checkout Unit (PRCU) was used for testing. Data flow using STELLA between SFC and SOC via HOSC wasconfirmed. Transferring commands from SOC toSFC via HOSC was confirmed. Sending playback data by STELLA wastested and confirmed.Snapshot of connection testCosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014I. Howley, CREAM. UMD10
Project CheckpointsCosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014I. Howley, CREAM. UMD11
Timeline February: Payload Integration andperformance test March: Thermal/vacuum/vibrationtesting July: Mission Readiness Briefing August: Flight Simulation with MSFC September: Delivery of Payload toKSC. Launch Readiness December: LaunchCosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014I. Howley, CREAM. UMD12
Thank you!CosmicSIG, Jan. 5, 2014I. Howley, CREAM. UMD13
Cosmic Ray Propagation History Measurements of the relative abundances of secondary cosmic rays (e.g., B/C) in addition to the energy spectra of primary nuclei will allow determination of cosmic-ray source spectra at energies where measurements are not currently available Measure boron to carbon ratio at high energies to help
MDC RADIOLOGY TEST LIST 5 RADIOLOGY TEST LIST - 2016 131 CONTRAST CT 3D Contrast X RAYS No. Group Modality Tests 132 HEAD & NECK X-Ray Skull 133 X-Ray Orbit 134 X-Ray Facial Bone 135 X-Ray Submentovertex (S.M.V.) 136 X-Ray Nasal Bone 137 X-Ray Paranasal Sinuses 138 X-Ray Post Nasal Space 139 X-Ray Mastoid 140 X-Ray Mandible 141 X-Ray T.M. Joint
integrated cosmic ray flux over this circular area for 4 Gyr is 3.6x1026. In the case of the earth, the integrated cosmic ray flux through its corresponding cross section for 4 Gyr is 3.0x1022. The column density of the earth is 2.8x1033 nucleons/cm2. Hence the 'luminosity' of cosmic rays hitting the sun is L sun (8x1034/cm2)x(3.6x1026)
γ-ray modulation due to inv. Compton on Wolf-Rayet photons γ-ray and X-ray modulation X-ray max inf. conj. 2011 γ-ray min not too close, not too far : recollimation shock ? matter, radiation density : is Cyg X-3 unique ? X-rays X-ray min sup. conj. γ-ray max
Cosmic Maths – Year 3 (Ages 7-8) Cosmic Maths – Year 4 (Ages 8-9) Cosmic Maths – Year 5 (Ages 9-10) Cosmic Maths – Year 6 (Ages 10-11) About the books Each book contains up to 18 lesson plans with teachers’ notes and definition of key vocabulary and mathematical terms. Each
Taking as our basis such a "coasting universe" which prevails for the case of ρ R 2 Λ ( Λ denoting the mass density equivalent of the vacuum energy, R denoting the scale of the universe,4 and taking the period when the vacuum energy in the later phases of cosmic expansion unavoidably becomes the dominant ingredient of the cosmic mass
Sulagiri meteorite and cosmic ray exposure history are discussed. Low cosmogenic (22Ne/21Ne) c ratio is consistent with irradiation in a large body. Cosmogenic noble gases indicate that Sulagiri has a 4p cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) age of 27.9 3.4 Ma and is a member of the peak of CRE age distribution of LL chondrites.
Cosmic Ray Acceleration in Supernova Remnants . _ Composition of bulk of CRs NOT exotic -- typical of mixed ISM _ accel. of ISM GAS and DUST by SNR blast waves _ Some young SNRs known to produce TeV electrons - if synch. interpretation of nonthermal X-ray observations correct BUT . . . . _ Unambiguous evidence for Cosmic Ray ION production in
Grade-specific K-12 standards in Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening, and Language translate the broad aims of The Arizona English Language Arts Anchor Standards into age- and attainment-appropriate terms. These standards allow for an integrated approach to literacy to help guide instruction. Process for the Development of the Standards In response to the call from Superintendent Douglas .
