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UNT LibrariesOpen Access Fund Research ReportLaura WaughSeptember 17, 2012

ContentsI. Overview .II. Definitions .1. Open Access Journal .2. Hybrid Journal .III. Open Access Funding Models.1. Overview .2. Sponsors .3. Eligibility .3.1 Author Eligibility .3.2 Article Eligibility .4. Reimbursement Criteria .4.1 Reimbursement Criteria per Author .4.2 Reimbursement Criteria per Article .5. Stipulations .IV. Workflow .1. Submission Process 2. Reimbursement Process III. Pilot Survey .1. Overview .2. Statistics .IV. Personas .1. Overview .2. Personas .V. Recommendations .1. Role of the UNT Libraries .2. Approaches .3. Next Steps .VI. References .Appendix A: University Policies on Author Affiliation Criteria .Appendix B: OA and Hybrid Journal Publishing Fees and Licensing .Appendix C: University Policies on Author and Article Reimbursements .Appendix D: Concordia University Request for Reimbursement Form . .Appendix E: Pilot Survey Email .Appendix F: Pilot Survey Comments 021212324

I. OverviewIn support of the University of North Texas (UNT) and the UNT Libraries’ commitment to providing access to theresearch and scholarship of our university community and promoting open access (OA), the UNT Libraries areproposing an initiative that would allow UNT authors to apply for reimbursements related to OA publishing fees. Thisreport presents research findings in order to help us better understand OA funds and how UNT could work toward ourown OA fund.A growing number of OA journals require authors to pay a fee, an Article Processing Charge (APC), in order to havetheir articles published in their journal. In addition, many traditional, subscription-based journals are beginning to offerthe option to make an article OA if authors pay an additional fee, the APC. This practice of charging an APC in orderto provide open accessibility to the articles is seen by many publishers as a transitional method from subscriptionbased models to more inclusive models of funding to incorporate OA initiatives.The UNT Libraries’ proposed UNT Open Access Fund would assist the UNT community by covering a portion of theAPC for qualified, published works. This UNT Open Access Fund would heighten and further our university’scommitment in promoting OA and providing access to our university’s valuable research and scholarship.In order to better understand the logistics of how the proposed UNT Open Access Fund can best meet theexpectations of the UNT community and support the mission of the UNT Libraries, a thorough investigation andsubsequent plan for next steps is required.II. Definitions1. Open Access Journal Open Access journals publish articles, typically electronically, and provide free, immediate access to the articlewith minimal or no access restrictions (“Selective list of open access,” 2010). The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) defines an OA journal as one that “uses a funding model thatdoes not charge readers or their institutions for access” (About DOAJ, 2012).2. Hybrid Journal Traditional, subscription-based publishers are increasingly offering authors the option to pay an additionalpublishing fee, an APC, to allow OA availability to their article, which has coined the phrase “hybrid journal.” The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) defines a “hybrid journal” as one in whichpapers may be considered OA upon financial sponsorship of the author. This is seen by some publishers as atransition method from subscription-based access to OA.III. Open Access Funding Models1. OverviewBuilding on the research initiatives of SPARC, thirty North American universities’ OA fund initiatives were reviewed ontheir sponsors, eligibility, reimbursement criteria, and stipulations related to the fund. In addition, fifteen OA journalfunding models and twelve hybrid journal funding models were reviewed on their average APCs and their licensing2

policies. The review included consulting research by SPARC (Open-access funds in action, 2012), the University ofCalifornia Berkeley (Selective list of open access, 2010), BioMed Central (Comparison of BioMed Central’s, 2012),Virginia Tech University Libraries (Open access subvention fund, 2012), Tufts University (Provost’s open access,2010), and the University of Connecticut Health Center (Open access author fund, 2012). This review serves as aframework for building upon emerging best practices and outlining possible approaches and considerations for UNT.General Trends Of the thirty universities reviewed, twenty-seven have OA funds that are sponsored completely, or in part, by theiruniversity’s library. Fourteen of the thirty universities reviewed receive co-sponsorship through otheradministrative or institutional initiatives.Co-SponsorshipLibrary Sponsorship10%Sposored byUniversityLibrary90%48%52%OtherNot CosponsoredCo-sponsored All thirty universities reviewed accept submissions to their OA reimbursement fund only from authors affiliatedwith their university. Of the thirty universities reviewed, all accept submissions from faculty, twenty-six acceptsubmissions from students, nineteen accept submissions from researchers, and fifteen accept submissions fromstaff. Of the thirty universities reviewed, all support OA journals. Fourteen also support hybrid journals, in somecapacity. Of the fourteen universities reviewed that also include hybrid journals in their OA reimbursement fund,eight include specific stipulations that must also be met.Hybrid Journals andStipulationsSupported Journal Types3530253020Hybrid Journals38%15141062%Hybrid Journalswith Stipulations50Open Access Journals Hybrid JournalsAll thirty universities reviewed stipulate that articles considered for their OA reimbursement fund be published inpeer-reviewed journals. Sixteen of the universities stipulate that the journal be listed in the Directory of OpenAccess Journals (DOAJ) and fourteen of those also require additional stipulations for the journal.3

Of the fifteen open access journal publishers reviewed, the average OA publishing fee is approximately 2000. Ofthe twelve hybrid journal publishers reviewed, the average OA publishing fee is approximately 2600. Twenty of the thirty universities reviewed include a specific cap on how much funding one author may receive in agiven period of time, or how many times one author may apply for reimbursement. Twenty-two of the thirty universities reviewed include a specific cap on the funding awarded to each article.Caps on AuthorFunding33%67%Caps on ArticleFundingCap on Authors30%No Cap70%Cap on ArticlesNo Cap Four of the thirty universities reviewed require authors who are awarded an OA reimbursement fund to alsoinclude the article in the university’s institutional repository. One university also stipulates that the university belisted as the primary affiliation of the author in order for the article to be eligible for the OA reimbursement fund. All thirty of the universities reviewed specify that the OA reimbursement fund will be allocated on a first-come firstserve basis, and they offer a submission form for authors to fill out either electronically or in a downloadableformat. In addition, all thirty universities have established a web presence for their reimbursement funds withinformation on the funds.2. SponsorsOf the thirty universities reviewed, twenty-seven (90%) of the OA funds are sponsored by their university’s library.Fourteen of these university’s OA reimbursement initiatives are co-sponsored through other university funding entities.Table 1 below includes the specifics of the sponsorship of these universities, as well as their geographic location inNorth America.Table 1: North American University OA Fund SponsorsUniversity – LocationLibrary SponsorCo-Sponsor or Sponsor1Brock University (Canada)Brock University Libraries2Carleton College (Canada)Carlton Library3Columbia University (USA)Columbia University LibrariesOffice of the Vice President(Research and International)Information Services4Concordia University (USA)Concordia University LibrariesOffice of Research5Cornell University (USA)Cornell University Libraries6Dartmouth College (USA)Dartmouth College Libraries7Duke University (USA)Duke University Libraries4Office of the Provost;School of Medicine

8Grand Valley State University (USA)G.V.S.U. Libraries9Harvard University (USA)Harvard University Libraries10MIT Libraries12Massachusetts Institute of Technology(USA)Memorial University of Newfoundland(Canada)Simon Fraser University (Canada)13Southern Illinois University (USA)Carbondale Morris Library14Tufts University (USA)15University of Calgary (Canada)Libraries and Cultural Resources16University of California Berkeley (USA)1718University of Connecticut Health Center(USA)University of Florida (USA)U.C. Berkeley Librarian(Research Impact Initiative)Lyman Maynard Stowe Library19University of Michigan (USA)University of Michigan LibrariesOffice of the Provost20Continued by UNC Chapel HillLibrariesUNC Greensboro LibrariesOffice of the Vice Chancellor22University of North Carolina Chapel Hill(USA)University of North Carolina Greensboro(USA)University of Oregon (USA)University of Oregon LibrariesOffice of the Provost23University of Ottawa (Canada)24University of Pittsburgh (USA)University of Pittsburgh Libraries25University of Tennessee Knoxville (USA)26University of Utah (USA)University of Tennessee KnoxvilleLibrariesUniversity of Utah Libraries27University of Wisconsin Madison (USA)28Utah State University (USA)University of Wisconsin MadisonLibrariesUtah State University Libraries29Virginia Tech University (USA)Virginia Tech University Libraries30Wake Forest University (USA)Wake Forest University Libraries1121Office of ScholarlyCommunicationMemorial University LibrariesSimon Fraser University LibrariesOffice of the ProvostVice Chancellor for ResearchOffice of the ProvostOffice of ResearchOffice of the Vice President forResearch3. EligibilityTo determine eligibility for OA funding, there are two main considerations to take into account: 1) author eligibility,2) article eligibility. These involve careful attention to a number of individual factors.5

3.1 Author EligibilityUniversity Affiliation and Rank Eight general ranks have been identified through this research study as possible candidates eligible to applyfor the OA publishing reimbursement funding: 1) faculty, 2) visiting faculty, 3) adjunct faculty, 4) staff, 5)students (undergraduate, graduate, and/or doctoral), 6) researchers, and 7) alumni. For the eight given ranks above, the following bar graph may be obtained; Figure 1 below illustrates thecurrent trend in author type sponsorship for the thirty universities reviewed. The complete listing of eachuniversity’s policies is included in Appendix A.Eligible Authors by University junct FacultyVisiting FacultyFaculty0510152025Figure 1: Eligible authors by university affiliation All thirty universities surveyed accept OA fund reimbursement applications from faculty and none of themallowed alumni to apply. Students are grouped together; however some universities only allow graduate orpost-doctoral students to apply for the OA fund. Appendix A includes the complete listing of these and thebreakdown of student eligibility.Submissions All thirty of the universities reviewed accept applications for the reimbursement fund from individual authorsaffiliated with their university, but not for co-authors from other institutions. The authors must individuallyapply for the reimbursement fund for each article accepted for publication.Funding Specifics If there is more than one author, it is common for the amount granted for reimbursement to be equally dividedamong the authors. For example, three authors facing an APC of 1500 may individually apply for OAreimbursement funding for a total of 500 each (i.e. the prorated amount of the total APC and number ofauthors). Extending this example, consider the case where one of the three authors is from a different6

institution. In this second case, only the two authors at the sponsoring university are eligible for areimbursement of 500 each (and as before, they must still individually apply and the APC will be prorated). The total amount allowed to be received for a given author over a given time period varies among theuniversities studied. Most of these universities include in their criteria a cap amount for each author, in orderto distribute the funds fairly. The cap amount appears to be related to funding, in that larger funding sourcestend to result in higher caps. This is somewhat obvious in that limited funding means that not everyone willbe able to get very much if this limited resource is to be distributed fairly.3.2 Article EligibilityJournal Types There are two types of publication channels to be considered for article eligibility: 1) OA journals, and 2)Hybrid journals. Findings from the thirty universities reviewed show that all accept applications for reimbursement for OAjournals. Fourteen of these universities also accept applications for reimbursement for hybrid journals.Hybrid Journal Stipulations Out of these fourteen universities that accept applications for reimbursement for hybrid journals, eight haverestrictions on how these funds may be used for hybrid journal APCs. These include: 1) no embargo period,2) allowing the author to retain certain rights to the work, 3) reduced subscription fees for the sponsoringuniversity 4) allowing the authors to self archive work, and 5) a reduction in available reimbursement funds forhybrid journals. Table 2 below lists these university policies on OA reimbursement funds for hybrid journals.Table 2: Restrictions on OA Fund reimbursement of hybrid journal publicationsUniversityHybrid Journal RestrictionsEmbargo PeriodAuthors’ RightsNo embargoAuthor retainsdistribution rights1Southern Illinois University2University of Calgary3University of CaliforniaBerkeley4University of Florida5University of MichiganNo embargo6University of NorthCarolina Chapel HillNo embargo7University of OttawaNo embargoReducedSubscription FeeOtherPublisher mustreduce subscriptionfeeNo embargoAuthor retainscopyrightSmaller stipendpaid for hybridjournalsAuthor can selfarchive and fee isless than 1500Author can selfarchive published7

PDF8University of UtahNo embargoPublisher mustreduce subscriptionfeeJournal Criteria Of the thirty universities reviewed, all of them required that the articles eligible for their reimbursement fund bepublished in peer-reviewed journals. Of the thirty universities reviewed, sixteen stipulate that the article be published in a journal listed in theDirectory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).DOAJ – The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is an online database which aims to becomprehensive and include “all open access scientific and scholarly journals that use a quality controlsystem to guarantee the content” (About DOAJ, 2012). [http://www.doaj.org] Fourteen out of the sixteen universities that require a listing in DOAJ also require the publisher of the journalto: 1) be a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), or to adhere to their Codeof Conduct, 2) have a publicly available standard fee schedule, and 3) have a policy to waive fees in the caseof economic hardship.OASPA – The Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) aims to “represent the interest ofOA journal and book publishers globally in all scientific, technical and scholarly disciplines. This missionwill be carried out through exchanging information, setting standards, advancing models, advocacy,education, and the promotion of innovation” (Welcome to the open access, 2012). [http://oaspa.org]Outside Funding Sources The criterion for article eligibility also requires the sponsors to decide how to handle articles with some outsidefunding source, such as gifts or grants. Twenty-seven of the thirty universities reviewed state in theirreimbursement criteria specific policies on outside funding, such as grants. The three primary options that sponsors must decide are whether to stipulate that: 1) Authors must exhaustall outside funding sources first, and are then eligible to apply for reimbursement, 2) Authors with outsidefunding sources are not eligible to apply for reimbursement, and 3) Authors with outside funding sources whoagree to match the available funding through the OA reimbursement fund are eligible for reimbursement.Additional Publishing Costs Eight of the thirty universities reviewed also stipulate that the OA reimbursement fund does not cover costs forreprints, color illustrations, non-open access page charges, submission fees, administrative charges, orexcess page charges.4. Reimbursement CriteriaThe reimbursement levels and amounts depend greatly on the allotted funding available. In addition, it is important toconsider average publishers’ APCs, licensing options available to authors through these publishers, and discountsthat publishers may offer for subscribing members and/or institutions.8

Creative Commons LicensingCreative Commons (CC) is a non-profit organization that allows authors and creators of works to place a copyrightlicense on how the work may be used. These CC licenses enable the “sharing and use of creativity and knowledgethrough free legal tools” (About the licenses, 2012). There are six CC licenses available, each with its own stipulationson access, distribution, and use of work. Table 3 lists these CC licenses for reference in the next section.Table 3: Creative Commons (CC) LicensesCreative Commons LicenseCC License Details1CC BY [Attribution]Allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially,as long as they credit the author(s) for the original creation2CC BY-ND [Attribution-NoDerivs]Allows for redistribution for commercial and non-commercial use as long as it is passedalong unchanged and in whole with credit to the author(s)3CC BY-NC-SA [AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike]4CC BY-SA [Attribution-ShareAlike]5CC BY-NC [AttributionNonCommercial]6CC BY-NC-NDAllows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the authors’ work non-commercially, aslong as they credit the author(s) and license their new creations under the identicaltermsAllows others to remix, tweak, and build upon author(s) work even for commercialpurposes, as long as they credit the author(s) and license their new creations under theidentical termsAllows others to remix, tweak, and build upon authors’ work non-commercially, andalthough the new work must acknowledge the author(s), they do not have to licensetheir derivative works on the same termsAllows others to download authors’ work and share it with others as long credit is givento the author(s) and no changes are permitted for reuse Of the fifteen OA journal publishers reviewed, fourteen allow an author to place a CC license on their article.Eight of these OA journal publishers have specific CC licenses that are eligible. Of the twelve hybrid journal publishers reviewed, eight allow authors to place a CC license on their article;however these eight hybrid journal publishers do not specify which type of CC license must be used by theauthor.OA Journal APCs Figure 2 below shows typical APCs for fifteen different OA journal publishers. Table 4 below further clarifiesthe publishers’ policies on licensing. Similarly, Figure 3 below shows the typical APCs for a sample listing oftwelve hybrid journal publishers, and is followed by Table 5, which elaborates on their licensing policies.Appendix B includes a table with these OA and hybrid journals’ APCs and their policies on licensing.9

OA Journal APCsAmerican Institute of PhysicsAmerican Physical SocietyBioMed CentralBMJCompany of BiologistsCell PressEcological Society of AmericaHindawi PublishingInstitute of PhysicsOxford University PressPublic Library of ScienceRoyal SocietySAGESpringer OpenWiley Open AccessHighLow 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000Figure 2. A sample of fifteen OA journal publishers and their corresponding OA Article Processing Fees (APCs). Note the range from free (Hindawi Publishing) to 695 (SAGE) to 5000 (Cell Press). The average cost ofthese fifteen sample open access publishers is 1400.Table 4. Licensing policies for the fifteen sample OA journal publishersPublisher1American Institute of Physics (AIP)2American Physical Society (APS)3BioMed Central4BMJ5Company of Biologists6Cell Press7Ecological Society of America8Hindawi Publishing9Institute of Physics (IOP)10 Oxford University Press11 Public Library of Science (PLoS)12 Royal Society13 SAGE14 SpringerOpen15 Wiley Open Access10Creative Commons PolicyCC-BYCC-BYCC-BYCC-BY-NCCC-BY-NC-NDCC-BY or CC-BY-NC-NDYes [No specific CC]Yes [No specific CC]No license allowedYes [No specific CC]CC-BYCC-BYYes [No specific CC]Yes [No specific CC]Yes [No specific CC]

Hybrid Journals' APCsAmerican Chemical SocietyBrillCambridge University PressCold Spring Harbor PressCompany of BiologistsElsevierManey PublishingNature Publishing GroupRoyal Society of ChemistrySpringerTaylor & FrancisWiley-BlackwellHighLow 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000Figure 3. A sample of twelve hybrid journal publishers and their corresponding OA Article Processing Fees (APCs). Note the range from 645 (Springer) to 5000 (Elsevier and Nature Publishing Group). The average cost ofthese fifteen sample open access publishers is 2000.Table 5. Licensing policies for the twelve sample hybrid publishersPublisher1American Chemical Society2Brill3Cambridge University Press4Cold Spring Harbor Press5Company of Biologists6Elsevier7Maney Publishing8Nature Publishing Group9Royal Society of Chemistry10Springer11Taylor & Francis12Wiley-Blackwell Creative Commons LicenseUnspecifiedYes [No specific CC]UnspecifiedNo license allowedYes [No specific CC]VariesYes [No specific CC]Yes [No specific CC]No license allowedYes [No specific CC]Yes [No specific CC]Yes [No specific CC]Publishers often offer a discounted APC to either individual authors who are members and/or institutions withsubscriptions or memberships. These discounts vary, but are generally a reduced percentage of the totalAPC.4.1 Reimbursement Criteria per AuthorCaps on Funding Twenty of the thirty universities reviewed include some cap on the amount of funding disbursed either to oneauthor or for one article. For example, an author may only be eligible to apply for a reimbursement onceduring the fiscal year, may only be eligible for up to 3000 total per fiscal year, or may receive up to 100011

per each article submitted for approval. Appendix C includes the thirty universities reviewed and their specificpolicies on author eligibility for reimbursement. The reimbursement criteria of eligible authors must be considered based on the funding available, typical OAAPCs, and stipulations determined by the sponsoring entities.4.2 Reimbursement Criteria per ArticleCaps on Funding Twenty-one of the thirty universities reviewed include some cap on the amount of funding dispersed perarticle. For example, there may be a maximum limit of 3000 that can be paid toward one article. This capmay also be determined on the APC being charged and the number of authors, depending on the establishedpolicies of the funding university. Appendix C includes the thirty universities reviewed and their specificpolicies on article eligibility for reimbursement. The reimbursement criteria of eligible articles must be considered based on the funding available, typical OAAPCs, and the stipulations determined by the sponsoring entities.5. StipulationsInstitutional Repositories Five of the thirty universities reviewed require authors awarded money through the reimbursement fund toalso deposit their articles in their university’s institutional repository. Two universities reviewed only encourageauthors to also submit their article to their university’s institutional repository and have found it a challengingpart of their OA reimbursement fund project (Kevin L. Smith and Kristina Eden, personal communication, July31, 2012). They recommend making this a stipulation (Kevin L. Smith and Kristina Eden, personalcommunication, July 31, 2012).University Affiliation Two of the thirty universities reviewed included a stipulation that for the article to be accepted for thereimbursement fund, it must list the name of the university dispensing the fund as the author’s affiliateduniversity. For example, if the author is writing an article and is affiliated with UNT and Texas Woman’sUniversity (TWU), the author must list UNT first, as his or her affiliated university.IV. Workflow1. Submission ProcessCriteria All thirty universities reviewed include a policy that states that submissions for their OA reimbursement fund willbe awarded on a first-come first-serve basis. In some cases, universities also stipulate that greater considerationwill be given to articles published that meet certain preferred eligibility requirements. For example, if theuniversity’s fund accepts submissions for articles published in OA journals and hybrid journals, they may include astatement that they prefer articles in OA journals and these will be given higher importance.12

Universities sponsoring an OA reimbursement fund may choose to accept articles for submission: 1) After anarticle is submitted and before it has been accepted for publication, 2) immediately upon acceptance forpublication, 3) once the article has been published.Forms The majority of universities accept reimbursement submissions electronically, and typically authors are required tolog-in with their university identification. Concordia University accepts submission forms in Word format and theseare downloaded and sent through internal university mail. Appendix D is the Concordia University SubmissionForm, as an example.2. Reimbursement ProcessPayments Each university handles its OA reimbursement fund process differently and this will depend greatly on the fundingsponsors and whether payments can be made to individual authors, directly to publishers, or through othermeans. It is common for universities to request a c

8 Grand Valley State University (USA) G.V.S.U. Libraries 9 Harvard University (USA) Harvard University Libraries Office of Scholarly Communication 10 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) MIT Libraries 11 Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada) Memorial University Libraries 12 Simon Fraser University (Canada)

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