Defining Masculinity Self-guide - University Of Utah
Mapping MasculinityS E LF-G U ID EArt does not exist in a vacuum. Innately tied together, cultureand art rely on each other to reinforce social and artistic norms.One area art defines over and over again is gender. In manycultures, femininity and masculinity exist as opposing idealsthat define womanhood and manhood. Visual culture plays akey role in a society’s perception and definition of gender:masculinity is often defined by images of power and domination. In this self-guide, we will explore how ideas of masculinityhave changed over time and across cultures.The Oxford English Dictionary defines masculinity as “the stateor fact of being masculine; the assemblage of qualities regardedas characteristic of men; maleness, manliness.”Let’s use this as a working definition as we explore thefollowing artworks.
front view, detailBis Polefront viewPacific Islands (Asmat)20th CenturyWood, fiber, pigment, woodworkingUMFA2015.1.5 Take a moment to look closely at this artwork. Do younotice interesting patterns or ornamentation? How mightthese patterns relate to this culture’s idea of masculinity?Draw a few of the patterns you see. This artwork was created to mark the start of a war orconflict. Does this change your ideas about theartwork? What do you think it says about the culture’sframing of masculinity? Compare the two figures in this artwork. How does thisartwork emphasize the differences between the figures? Do you think these figures frame this culture’s ideas ofgender? Why or why not? How does it relate to yourculture’s ideas of gender?NOTES, SKETCHES,OBSERVATIONS:side view, detailMAPPING MASCULINIT Y SELF-GUIDE
Equestrian Statue of Louis the XIVJacques-Philippe BouchardonFrance, 1771–1753BronzeUMFA1990.045.001 Observe the details of this sculpture. What parts of theartwork stand out to you? How is masculinity framed here? Does it align with yourculture’s ideas of masculinity? Do you think the medium—what the artwork is madeout of—impacts how ideas of masculinity are conveyed? What about his pose suggests the idea of power? Take amoment to strike your own power pose.MAPPING MASCULINIT Y SELF GUIDENOTES, SKETCHES,OBSERVATIONS:
Retour de Marcus Sextus dans sa famille,Return of Marcus SextusPierre Narcisse GuerinFrance, 1774–1833Oil PaintingUMFA1986.054 Explore this painting, taking in as much detail asyou can. What parts of this artwork did you notice first? Jotdown a few words or phrases that describe the mood ofthis artwork. How would you describe the relationship between thefigures in this artwork? How does each figure frameideas of gender? This artwork depicts the moment Marcus Sextus, afictional Roman soldier, returns home from war to findthat his wife has died. How does he react to thistragedy? How does this compare to the reactionexpected of masculine- presenting people in yourculture? How can only seeing masculinity and emotionsframed in this way be toxic?MAPPING MASCULINIT Y SELF-GUIDENOTES, SKETCHES,OBSERVATIONS:
Dancing Siva (Siva Nataraja-King of Dancers)India, Chola DynastyRattan, wood, beads, shells, ivory12th–13th centuryBronzeUMFA2001.11.1 Take a moment to examine the sculpture. How does this artwork convey gender? Do you seeelements of masculinity in this piece? How aboutfemininity? This sculpture depicts the Hindi god Siva, the creatorand destroyer. Siva is often depicted with anambiguous gender or as being genderless. How didyou gender this sculpture when you first saw it? Doesthis change your initial impression? Does it challengeWestern gender binaries? Does this depiction of both masculinity and femininityin the same figure complicate your understanding ofgender? How does this blending of gendered characteristics challenge your culture’s understanding of gender?NOTES, SKETCHES,OBSERVATIONS:MAPPING MASCULINIT Y SELF-GUIDE
Ethnic ManViola FreyAmerican, 1991Earthenware, low fire glazeUMFA2000.11.1A-O How would you describe this sculpture’s relationshipwith the viewer? What feeling or tone does the figureconvey? How is it different and similar to the other artworks inthis guide? This artwork was created by Viola Frey, a womansculptor. Does knowing the artist’s gender change yourreading of the artwork? How might her experience as awoman impact her depiction of masculinity? Do you think the concept of what is masculine hasshifted over time? How does this artwork support ordisprove this fluidity of masculinities?NOTES, SKETCHES,OBSERVATIONS:front viewMAPPING MASCULINIT Y SELF-GUIDEside viewNow that we have explored these artworks through thelens of masculinity, has your own perception of masculinity/masculinities changed? Do you see masculinity asa singular idea or as a group of connected ideas? Take amoment to think about and write a personal definition ofmasculinity. Is yours similar to the definition from the startof this tour? Is it different?
Post TourArt-making ActivityW H AT YOU NE E D: A piece of paperGlue or tapeNewspaper or magazinePen or pencilYour creativityINS T RUC T IONS:Using what you learned from this tour,create a collage that expresses yourown definition of masculinity. You canalso add extra detail or ideas to yourcollage with a pen or pencil. Will youuse only pictures or will you includesome words? How will you engagewith or refute your culture’s ideas ofmasculinity? Will you make similarartistic choices to the artists welooked at today? How will/does yourown gender identity shape yourdefinition of masculinity?If you want to further explore ideas ofgender, check out another self-guidewe have available that exploresfemininity in art.We’d love to see your finished collage:if possible, post it on social mediawith #umfaathome and tag us onInstagram or Facebook with@utahmuseumoffinearts or onTwitter with @umfa.MAPPPING MASCULINIT Y SELF-GUIDEUse this space for your collage or use whatever type of paper you choose!
Visual culture plays a key role in a society's perception and definition of gender: masculinity is often defined by images of power and domina-tion. In this self-guide, we will explore how ideas of masculinity have changed over time and across cultures. The Oxford English Dictionary defines masculinity as "the state
books on topics ranging from manhood, raising boys, sexual differences, leadership, and more. I have listened to several series of tapes and talked to many different people about this subject. Every book, tape, and person agreed on at least one thing in regard to masculinity: we are currently in a crisis.
masculinity, to see the contours of that constructed masculinity, and to learn . such as courage. American Zionist writings cast this courage not as a physical capacity, but as a po litical willingness to embark on statecraft
Pride and Prejudice, Austen achieves a new model of masculinity through the female gaze, which casts Elizabeth Bennet in the role of sexual subject, and Darcy in the role of . Antoinette to the level of visual object, suggesting that a man’s masculinity can be assessed by his respons
Infancy Gospel of Thomas Studies of masculinity have shown that masculinity is a socially acknowledged gender status. Rather than automatically attaining such a status simply through physical maturation, boys must ‘earn’ such status by matching
Masculinity, and Health Care among Injured Male Service Members." Men and Masculinities:.doi: 10.1177/1097184X19872793. Courtenay, Will H. 2000. "Constructions of Masculinity and their Influence on Men's Well-being: A Theory of Gender and Health." Social Science & Medicine 50(10):1385-1401
c h a p t e r 1 Defining Your Industry Focus and the Type of Business You Want to Start c h a p t e r 2 Defining the Target Customer: Both Users and Buyers c h a p t e r 3 Defining the Needs of Target Customers: Getting Into Their Hearts and Minds c h a p t e r 4 Defining Solutions for Customers: Developing a Product Line and Services Strategy c h a p t e r
defining relative clauses are used to add important information. The sentence would have a different meaning without the defining relative clause. I’m going to wear the skirt that I bought in London. The defining relative clause tells us which skirt. The skirt, which is a lovely dark blue colour, only cost 10.
Leadership is a new requirement and is defined in its own section within the new ISO 14001:2015 standard. This means that top management throughout the organisation are expected to take a more hands on approach to the EMS. This will ensure companywide motivation and commitment towards goals, a continued focus on improvement, and the effectiveness of the EMS. Clause 6. ‘Planning’ - Risk and .
