A Statistical Analysis On The Number Of Industrial Engineering . - Conf

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A Statistical Analysis on the Number of Industrial EngineeringStudents of Bulacan State University who will take the IECertification Examination.Jasper Kevin C. DionisioIndustrial Engineering DepartmentBulacan State University, City of Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines 3000Mobile Number: ( 63) 915-499-1461, Email: jasperkevin.dionisio@gmail.comDenise Mae M. UnsayIndustrial Engineering DepartmentBulacan State University, City of Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines 3000Mobile Number: ( 63) 916-495-7630, Email: deniseunsay@gmail.comAbstract. The study provides the result of a statistical analysis on the number of Industrial EngineeringStudents of Bulacan State University who will take the Industrial Engineering Certification Examination offeredby the Industrial Engineering Certification Board in the Philippines. With the study, the researchers aim to provethat at least eighty five per cent (85%) of the total population of Industrial Engineering Department in BulacanState University (BulSU IE) AY 2015 -2016 will take the Industrial Engineering Certification Exam using thetest of hypothesis specifically the proportion of one sample. After the test of hypothesis, the researchers wereable to prove their claim. The figure shows that still a number of students planned not to take the certificationdespite of its rise as a new trend in the IE field, but this number is quite small compared to those who wanted tohave the letters “CIE” (Certified Industrial Engineer) imprinted after their surnames. Moreover, the study alsopresented the main underlying reason why some BulSU IE students decided not to take the certification examwhich is because they wanted to work immediately after they finish their bachelor’s degree.Keywords: Industrial Engineering Certification Examination, test of hypothesis, proportion of one sample, z-test, Minitab 16.1. INTRODUCTIONAccording to the Industrial Engineering CertificationBoard (IECB), the Industrial Engineering Certification is avoluntary process, which validates an individual’squalifications in the field of Industrial Engineering (IE)practice. It demonstrates to employers, clients, and peers theindividual’s knowledge and experience and signifies his orher commitment to continued excellence in IE professionalpractice. In addition, it increases visibility, builds credibility,and validates expertise with those outside the profession [1].Since there’s still no law dedicated to the industrialengineering practice here in the Philippines and no regulatoryexamination for IE’s exists to this moment, the PhilippineInstitute for Industrial Engineers finds its own way to setcredible Industrial Engineers from those who are not.The IECB presented three (3) key reasons why anIndustrial Engineer needs to be certified. First, it is a mark ofprofessionalism. Employers tend to look for certifications inevaluating the professional advancements of their employees.Second, it enhances the status of an IE in the eyes of thepublic. Getting certified equates IE’s with other licensedprofessionals in the field. Lastly, it adds credibility andrespect. It will polish one’s reputation as a practicingIndustrial Engineer.The Industrial Engineering Department of Bulacan StateUniversity recognizes the need of the certification in the IEpractice. In fact, 100% of the IE Faculty were already dulycertified by the IECB. However, for the past years, only fewIE graduates from Bulacan State University have consideredtaking the certification.To address this issue the IE Department became keeneron imparting its students the importance of being certified.They have conducted several forums, seminars, talks, and thelikes in their quest to encourage 85-100% of their students totake the IE Certification Examination.On that note, the researchers, who have conducted thestudy, aims to know whether the proactive steps of theIndustrial Engineering Department were effective to addressthe issue. In line with their goal, the researchers have claimed

that these activities were effective and in order to supporttheir claim, they used inferential statistics to test theirhypothesis.1.1 Study ObjectivesThe study was conducted to: Prove the researchers’ claim that the activitiesdone by the IE Department were effective inencouraging students to take the IE Certificationby proving that at least 85% of all IndustrialEngineering (IE) students currently enrolled atthe Bulacan State University A.Y. 2015- 2016will take the Industrial Engineer CertificationExam offered by the Industrial EngineersCertification Board; Determine the major reason why some IndustrialEngineering students choose not to take thecertification exam if there’s any; and To recommend how to address the issue on whysome IE students decide not to take theexamination.1.2 Rationale of the StudyThe study was done to prove if the IndustrialEngineering Department was successful in encouraging itsstudent to take the certification examination. The findings ofthis research will lead to the improvement of the currentactivities done by the department in encouraging students totake the certification examination for the reason that itpresents recommendations to further reinforce such activities.This also aims to know whether the majority ofIndustrial Engineering students will follow the new trend onthe field of Industrial Engineering, and that is getting certified.The researchers firmly recognize the vital role of certificationfor the professional life of Industrial Engineers, and in thatreason, the researchers believe that not getting a certificationwould be a problem some IE’s will have to deal in the future.1.3 Significance of the StudyThe result of this study will directly benefit the TheIndustrial Engineering Department of Bulacan StateUniversity, especially its Administrators and Faculty for thereason that this study assessed whether the activities that theyhave done were effective to encourage their students to takethe IE Certification Exam. Moreover, the reason why somewill not take the certification exam was also presented in thisstudy thus, the IE Department would be aware of the thoughtsof the students regarding the IE Certification. Also,recommendations to further reinforce the current activitiesdone by the IE Department were presented.Since this study will recommend ways on how toeducate and to address the dilemma of some studentsregarding the IE Certification, it will also help the students inmaking their decision regarding this matter.With this, the research will be greatly beneficial to theIE Department as a whole.1.4 Problem StatementThe problem of this study is to prove the effectiveness ofthe Bulacan State University IE Department on its strategiesin encouraging 85 – 100 % of its student to take the IECertification Examination.In doing so, the study needed to prove that at least eightyfive per cent (85%) of all the Industrial Engineering Studentsof Bulacan State University AY 2015 - 2016 will take theIndustrial Engineering Certification Examination offered bythe Industrial Engineering Certification Board under thePhilippine Institute of Industrial Engineers.1.5 Scope and Limitation of the StudyThe study only covers the analysis on the number ofIndustrial Engineering students of Bulacan State UniversityAY 2015 – 2016 who will take the Industrial EngineeringCertification Examination and the underlying reasons why thestudent will not take the IE Certification Examination are alsocovered in this study. However, the reasons why some IEstudents consider taking the certification exam is not includedin this study.2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREThe related literature, presents a set of concepts anddefinitions, which present a view of phenomena whichmight explain the reason behind a course of action. Theseliteratures are herein cited to add insights about the presentstudy. Literatures are from books and journals. These arefree-compositions from some experts that may agree orrelate to this study.One reason the researchers see why some students ofIndustrial Engineering of Bulacan State University choose notto take the certification exam is the fear of failing the saidexam. Some students feel a fear of taking exam or testanxiety. In An article on Qatar University’s website, testanxiety is defined:It is an emotional and psychological state occursbefore and during exams, accompanied by physical and

psychological symptoms of tension, irritability andobsession with negative ideas, which can decrease theconcentration needed to prepare for exams.Among the factors leading to exam anxiety or fear are: Lack of self-confidence and lack ofadequate preparation for exams from thebeginning of the year. Subject difficulty, time constraints anddifficult exam questions. Misconceptions about exam. Examination methodology and procedures. Predicting failure. Fear of parents' reactions, disappointmentand punishment as well [2].The article presents the reasons why students fearexaminations. This excerpt from an article is somehowrelated to the study in such a way that the certificationexamination is clearly an examination many of studentsfeared. Maybe Industrial Engineers feared the certificationexamination for the reason of their low self-esteem or theyfeel they are not prepared to face that kind of examination.Some IE students may also feared the IE Certification forthey believe, and from what they’ve heard from others, theexamination is difficult, or some may fear the certificationexamination because they think if they fail the examination,they may experience rejection from people around them,including their family, peers and others.One more reason why IE students don’t want to takethe Industrial Engineering Certification Examination ismaybe because they wanted a License from PhilippineRegulation Commission rather than a certification. In theyear 2006, a Congressman from Romblon, Philippines, anIndustrial Engineer, Jose F. Rafols, Jr., proposed a law onthe Industrial Engineering practice. He stated in the Section1 of his proposal:Section 1. Statement of Policy – the governmentrecognizes the vital role industrial engineering in nationbuilding and sustainable development through the adoption,development and effective programs in productivityimprovement, industrializations and full and efficient use ofresources. The government shall therefore develop andnurture competent, virtuous, productive and well-roundedProfessional Industrial Engineers, whose standards ofpractice and service shall be excellent, qualitative, worldclass and globally competitive through inviolable, honest,effective, and credible licensure examinations and throughregulatory measures, programs and activities that fostertheir integrity, continuing professional education,development and growth [3].The legislator from Romblon, Philippines, Engr.Rafols, firmly recognizes the need for the IndustrialEngineers to have a licensure examination that’s why heproposed a law that will put that licensure to legal practice.Maybe because some IE students have the same thinkingwith that of Engr. Rafols and desired to be licensed, waitingfor the legalization of IE Law, to the point that their mindswere not open for accepting the necessity of havingcertified.On the other hand, some IE students, wants to take thecertification examination on the grounds that thecertification from the Industrial Engineering CertificationBoard would open many windows of opportunity for abetter work in the field of Industrial Engineering. Theofficial website of the Global Institute of Internal Auditorslaid down some points on why being certified is essentialfor every individual’s professional life:Earning your certification is like having a key to thevast world of opportunities the profession of internalauditing offers placed in the palm of your hand. It can opendoors you did not even know existed, as the three or fourletters that now follow your name will make one powerfulstatement about the expertise you bring to the table.Ultimately, becoming certified will: Help you earn credibility and respect inyour field. Open more opportunities for advancement. Increase your earning potential by asmuch as 40%. Prove your willingness to invest in yourown development. Demonstrate your commitment to yourprofession. Build confidence in your knowledge of theprofession.[4]Maybe somehow the same applies to the certification forIndustrial Engineers, that’s why some may see thiscertification as a necessary tool for finding a betterprofessional life, thus, this may suggest that more IndustrialEngineering student will take the certification exam and lesswould plan not to take it.Another reason that some IE students consider is thatthey want to have a job right after they finish their Bachelor’sDegree. A website of an Interest Group on OccupationalServices presented the reasons why people find it urgent tohave a job. The said website stated:Employment is crucial for people's social integration,physical and mental health, well-being and selfrealization whatsoever your abilities and disabilities are.Do you know why people want a job that bad?

People need money to buy things. If you go towork, your boss will pay you. You will havemoney to pay the rent and to go shopping. Youwill be more independent. People want to be busy. They go to workbecause it is boring to stay at home and donothing. At work one learns new things andmeets new people. It can be fun to have a job. Going to work makes people feel useful. Otherpeople have more respect for people that work.Some people were afraid that they wouldn’t find a job. They were worried because there are manyunemployed people They worried because they have learningdifficulties. And they thought they didn’t have a goodeducation [5].This article is somehow related to the study in a way thatsome of the IE students may choose to have a job right aftertheir graduation. Maybe some of them according to the studywere worried because of the rising unemployment rate, theywere eager to find a job for self-fulfilment, earning money,and to buy things they want in a faster way possible. In thisway, more Industrial Engineering students may not considertaking the IE Certification Examination.3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGYIn this section, the method and technique of the studyagreed upon, the population, the sample size, and thesampling technique and strategies used, the data gatheringmethod, the data processing and the statistical tools usedunder this study will be elaborated.The focus of this study was to determine whether theIE Department’s activities to encourage IE students to takethe IE Certification Exam are effective through the test ofhypothesis. In the execution of this study, first, the numberof respondents was identified. The respondents of thisstudy were the one hundred and sixty six (166) students ofBulacan State University Industrial EngineeringDepartment from the third year to fifth year level enrolledon the first semester of the AY 2015 – 2016. Using theSlovin’s Formula the number of respondents wasdetermined. It is used to calculate the sample size (n) giventhe population size (N) and a margin of error (e).Slovin’s Formula is a random sampling techniqueformula to estimate sampling size. Slovin's formula is usedwhen nothing about the behavior of a population is knownat all. When taking statistical samples, sometimes a lot isknown about a population, sometimes a little andsometimes nothing at all. For example, we may know that apopulation is normally distributed (e.g., for heights,weights or IQs), we may know that there is a bimodaldistribution (as often happens with class grades inmathematics classes) or we may have no idea about how apopulation is going to behave (such as polling collegestudents to get their opinions about quality of student life).[6]𝑛 𝑁1 𝑁𝑒 2(1)Where:n sample sizeN Populatione margin of errorThe agreed margin of error (e) that was used is five percent (5%) and the total population of the Bulacan StateUniversity Industrial Engineering Students is two hundredeighty two (282) thus, the obtained number of respondents isone hundred sixty six (166).The sampling used in this study is random samplingwherein the researchers randomly asked some IndustrialEngineering students to answer their survey forms. In randomsampling, a subset of a statistical population in which eachmember of the subset has an equal probability of beingchosen. A simple random sample is meant to be an unbiasedrepresentation of a group [7].Close-ended survey form with dichotomous or twopoint questions was used. Closed ended questions are justdirect questions that ask for specific pieces of informationfrom a client. Closed questions have their greatest valuewhen we need to obtain facts and specific pieces ofinformation. By their nature they limit the client's field ofchoice and length of response [8]. When a question has twopossible responses, we consider it dichotomous. Surveysoften use dichotomous questions that ask for a Yes/No,True/False or Agree/Disagree response [9].The survey form includes a question about the plan ofthe respondent’s plan on taking the Industrial Engineeringcertification examination answerable by yes or no. Follow upquestion is provided to root out the reasons behind thedecision of some who decided not to take the saidexamination.The study used inferential statistics to test thehypotheses in the researchers’ quest to answer the problem.This study utilized an application for data processing, theMinitab 16 to determine the z value, the confidence interval(CI) , and the p-value necessary in conducting the test ofhypothesis. Minitab is a statistics package developed atthe Pennsylvania State University by researchers Barbara F.Ryan, Thomas A. Ryan, Jr., and Brian L. Joiner in 1972 [10].The researcher agreed to use the proportion of one sample in

the test of the hypothesis to see whether their claim that thenumber of Industrial Engineering Students of Bulacan StateUniversity who will take the IE Certification Exam is at leasteighty five per cent (85%) is statistically acceptable.In the test of hypothesis, the z-test method was used inthe assessment of proportions. The z-test for proportions isused to investigate whether two populations differsignificantly in proportion – for example, whether there is adifference in the proportions of two groups that went votingfor the last election [11]. In the case of this study, theresearchers used the z-test functioning as an investigator forproportion in test. For this method, the z-value computed bythe Minitab 16 would be plotted in the critical region (CR)determined by the significant level. The z-value of theprobability of the significant level will determine theboundary of the critical region or the rejection region. Theinequality carried by the alternative hypothesis will identifythe area of the rejection region. Anything identified withinthe rejection region will lead to the rejection of the nullhypothesis.Confidence interval (CI) method was also used in thetest of hypothesis. Confidence intervals provide differentinformation from that arising from hypothesis tests.Confidence intervals provide a range about the observedeffect size. This range is constructed in such a way that weknow how likely it is to capture the true – but unknown –effect size. Thus, the formal definition of a confidenceinterval is: ‘a range of values for a variable of interestconstructed so that this range has a specified probability ofincluding the true value of the variable. The specifiedprobability is called the confidence level, and the end pointsof the confidence interval are called the confidence limits.[12]. In this method, the hypothesised proportion (P 0) wouldbe plotted in the confidence interval computed by thesoftware, Minitab 16. If the P0 is within the CI, the nullhypothesis would be accepted, if not, the alternativehypothesis would be accepted.Also, in the test of hypothesis, the p-value method wasused. A p-value may help the researchers to determine thesignificance of their results. Hypothesis tests are used to testthe validity of a claim that is made about a population. Thisclaim that’s on trial, in essence, is called the null hypothesis.The alternative hypothesis is the one you would believe if thenull hypothesis is concluded to be untrue. The evidence in thetrial is your data and the statistics that go along with it. Allhypothesis tests ultimately use a p-value to weigh the strengthof the evidence [13]. If the p-value is less that the significantlevel (α), the null hypothesis would be rejected and if the pvalue is greater than the significant level, the null hypothesiswould be accepted. With that, the p-value is the smallestvalue of the level of significance to reject the null hypothesis.Those essential methods lead the researchers to whathypothesis will be accepted and rejected. There areformulas being used in determining the z-value, confidenceinterval and the p-value needed in the test of hypothesis butsince this study will utilize a statistical software, which isMinitab 16, in identifying such values, the researchersdecided not to present the said formulas.Figure 1: Proportion of One Sample Test of Hypothesis FlowChart4.DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILEIn this part of the study, the figures from the datagathered are presented. The graphs show how the number ofstudents who will take the certification exam differs fromthose who will plan not to take the certification examination.Table 1: The gathered dataThe number of students who will take the IECertification vs. to those who will notYES134NO32

The number of students who will take theIE Certification vs. to those who will not5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONOF RESULTS19%YESNO81%Figure 2: The takers vs. the non-takers𝐻0 : 𝑝 0.85𝐻1 : 𝑝 0.85Table 2: The gathered dataThe reasons why some IE students don’t want to take theIE Certification ExaminationUrgency of finding a work right after graduation21Fear of not passing the examination12Necessity of having a license2Inessentiality of being certified10Others2The reasons why some IE students don’twant to take the IE CertificationExamination4%21%45%4%26%This section of the study will discuss the hypothesesused and will show the result of the test of hypothesis usingthe proportion of one sample with the help of Minitab 16.The null hypothesis (H0) carries the statement that atleast eighty five per cent (85%) of all Industrial Engineeringstudents of Bulacan State University AY 2015 – 2016 willtake the Industrial Engineering Certification Examinationwhile the alternative hypothesis (H1), which negates the nullhypothesis, states that less than eighty five per cent (85%) ofall the Industrial Engineering students of Bulacan StateUniversity AY 2015 - 2016 will take the IndustrialEngineering Certification Examination.Urgency of findinga work right aftergraduationFear of notpassing theexaminationNecessity ofhaving a licenseInessentiality ofbeing certifiedothersFigure 3: The graph of the factors why the IE Students don’twant to take the IE Certification Exam(2)The IE Department’s goal was to encourage 85 – 100%of its student to take the IE Certification by conductingdifferent activities in order to do so. With this, the researchercan say that at least 85% is the criterion in order to infer thatthe department was effective with its objective to encourageits student to take the said examination. Eighty five per cent(85%) or zero point eighty five (0.85) was set as thehypothesized proportion (P0) in conformance to the 85%criterion. In order to prove the effectiveness of the activitiesthat were done by the IE Department, the null hypothesis tobe tested was the number of IE Student who will take the IECertification Examination is at least 85%, the criterion of theeffectiveness of the department’s goal to encourage itsstudent to take the IE Certification.Of all the one hundred sixty six (166) respondents, onehundred thirty four (134) answered that they will take the IECertification examination. Therefore the number of trials isone hundred sixty six (166) and the number of events is onehundred thirty four (134). The researchers decided to useninety eight per cent (98%) of confidence level, thus thesignificant level is 2% or 0.02.After the necessary data was inputted to the Minitab 16,the results necessary to draw a conclusion will be displayed,such as the value of z needed for the z-test, the confidenceinterval and the p-value. Proportion of one sample test ofhypothesis was used and the data was assumed to beapproximately normally distributed. The figure 4 shows theMinitab 16 results.

The figure 6 shows that the z-value obtained, which is-1.54, is outside the critical region or the rejection region ofthe null hypothesis, therefore the null hypothesis isaccepted considering the z-value.P0 0.85- Figure 4: The Minitab ResultsThe z-value obtained from the data is -1.54. This valuewould be plotted in the critical region determined by thesignificant level. The z-value of the probability of thesignificant level will determine the boundary of the criticalregion or the rejection region. Anything identified withinthe rejection region will lead to the rejection of the nullhypothesis. The inequality carried by the alternativehypothesis will identify the area of the rejection region. Inthe case of this study, the significant level of 0.02corresponds to the z-value which is 2.0538, the boundary ofthe critical region, and since the alternative hypothesiscarries the less than inequality, the area of the criticalregion in the test of hypothesis is determined by z -zα,where the z corresponds to area of the critical region andthe zα is the z-value of the probability of the significantlevel. Meaning, the critical region of the test of hypothesisin this study is to the left of the -zα -2.0538.Table 3: The Critical Region for Proportion of One SampleTest of HypothesisAlternative Hypothesisp p0p p0p p0where: p proportion to betestedp0 hypothesized proportionCritical Regionz -zαz zαz -zα/2 or z zα/2where: z area of the criticalregionzα z-value ofthe probability of thesignificant level.-zα - 2.0538Figure 6. The Critical Region0.87010998% Upper BoundFigure 7. The 98% Confidence Interval (- , 0.870109)The figure 7 shows that the hypothesized proportion(P0) which is 0.85, is within the confidence interval whichis identified as (- , 0.870109), thus, the null hypothesis isaccepted considering the confidence interval.The p-value of the proportion, computed by theMinitab 16 which is 0.061, is greater than the significantlevel, which is 0.02, therefore the null hypothesis isaccepted considering the p-value.6.CONCLUSIONWith the results from the test of hypothesis, we can drawthe conclusion that at least eighty five per cent (85%) of allthe Industrial Engineering Students currently enrolled at theBulacan State University for the first semester of AY 2015 2016 will take the IE Certification Examination offered bythe Industrial Engineering Certification Board of thePhilippine Institute of Industrial Engineers. This suggests thatthe activities done by the Industrial Engineering Departmentto encourage the IE students to take the IE CertificationBoard is effective. Furthermore, the majority of IE studentswho will not take the certification examination stated thattheir reason was because they will focus themselves onworking immediately after graduation. The said reasongarnered the forty five per cent (45%) of all those whoresponded that they will not take the IE Certification.7.z - 1.54)0RECOMMENDATIONSThe researchers suggest the following in order to addressissues on why some IE Students don’t want to take the IECertification Exam: Publish literary outputs such as news articles andfeatures in the Official Newsletter of the IEDepartment of Bulacan State University regarding theIE Certification Examination to educate the studentmore about its importance and what it can offer to theprofessional life of Industrial Engineers.

Since the most likely reason why the IE studentsdon’t want to take the IE certification exam isbecause they plan to work immediately after theirgraduation, the researchers recommend to invite somegraduates who have passed the certification exam tohave a talk for them to give their testimonies on howthe certification help them with their job and how thiscertification can open a wider and bigger jobopportunities for them in the future. Also one of the reasons is that the students thinkthey’ll have the same opportunity even without acertification and for that, the researchers recommendthe IE Department to provide its students withconcrete evidence that most of the graduates that arealready certified were more likely to have better jobsthan that of those who were not considering they areof the same batch. However, this would requirefurther studies and alumni tracing to make theirevidence more credible. Fear of not passing the examination was also includedin the top reasons why the IE students decided not topursue their certification. On this issue, theresearchers recommend to conduct a mockcertification exam for the graduating students to letthem know what certification exam feels like.Assessment after the mock examination must bemade for the Faculty to know what the student feltregarding the exam in order to be reconciledimmediately. The result of this mock exam will be theparameter on the preparedness of the students to takethe certification examination.Moreover, the researchers believe that the IEDepartment’s role doesn’t stop from encouraging students totake the certification examination. In order to support the IEstudents with their aspiration to be certified industrialengineers, the researchers suggest the department to conductreview sessions regarding the scope of the certificationexamination. This way, the large number of the students whowill take the certification examination can be translated to ahig

Keywords: Industrial Engineering Certification Examination, test of hypothesis, proportion of one sam ple, z-test, Minitab 16. 1. INTRODUCTION According to the Industrial Engineering Certification Board (IECB), the Industrial Engineering Certification is a voluntary process, which validates an individual's

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