Washington State Energy Code, Residential Provisions

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Chapter 51-11R WACSTATE BUILDING CODE ADOPTION AND AMENDMENT OFTHE 2015 EDITION OF THEINTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE,RESIDENTIAL PROVISIONSWASHINGTON STATE ENERGY CODE,RESIDENTIAL PROVISIONSTABLE OF CONTENTSChapter er 2R201R202Chapter 3Scope andAdministration . RE-3Scope and GeneralRequirements. RE-3Alternate Materials—Method ofConstruction, Design orInsulating Systems . RE-3Construction Documents . RE-3Inspections . RE-4Validity . RE-5Referenced Standards . RE-5Fees . RE-5Stop Work Order. RE-6Board of Appeals . RE-6Violations . RE-6Liability . RE-6Definitions . RE-7General . RE-7General Definitions . RE-7General Requirements . RE-11R301Climate Zones . RE-11TABLE R301.1 Climate Zones . RE-11R302R303Design Conditions . RE-11Materials, Systemsand Equipment . RE-11TABLE R303.1.3(1) Default GlazedFenestration U-factors . RE-12TABLE R303.1.3(2) Default DoorU-factors . RE-13TABLE R303.1.3(3) Default GlazedFenestration SHGC & VT . RE-13TABLE R303.1.3(4) Default U-factors forSkylights . RE-14TABLE R303.1.3(5) Small BusinessCompliance Table . RE-152015 Washington State Energy CodeChapter 4Residential EnergyEfficiency . RE-17R401General . RE-17R402Building Envelope . RE-17TABLE R402.1.1 Insulation and FenestrationRequirements by Component . RE-18TABLE R402.1.3 Equivalent U-factors . RE-19TABLE R402.4.1.1 Air Barrier and InsulationInstallation . RE-23R403Systems . RE-25TABLE R403.6.1 Mechanical Ventilation SystemFan Efficacy . RE-27R404Electrical Power andLighting Systems . RE-28R405Simulated PerformanceAlternative . RE-28TABLE R405.5.2(1) Specifications for theStandard Reference andProposed Designs . RE-30TABLE R405.5.2(2) Default DistributionSystem Efficiencies forProposed Design . RE-32R406Additional Energy EfficiencyRequirements . RE-34TABLE R406.2 Energy Credits . RE-30Chapter 5R501R502R503R504R505Chapter 6Existing Buildings . RE-39General . RE-39Additions . RE-39Alterations . RE-40Repairs . RE-41Change of Occupancy or Use . RE-41Referenced Standards . RE-43Appendix C Exterior DesignConditions . RE-47RE-1

Margin Markings Indicates where a section hasbeen deleted from therequirements of the 2012 IECC Indicates 2015 IECC languagedeleted by Washington stateamendmentIndicates a change from therequirements of the 2012 IECCin the model code.Indicates a Washington stateamendment to the 2015 IECC.Indicates a change from the2012 Washington stateamendment*Indicates that text or table hasbeen relocated within the code**Indicates the text or tableimmediately following has beenrelocated there from elsewherein the code.2nd Printing May 12, 2016RE-22015 Washington State Energy Code

CHAPTER 1 [RE]SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATIONSECTION R101SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTSR101.1 Title. This code shall be known as theWashington State Energy Code, and shall be cited as such.It is referred to herein as "this code."R101.2 Scope. This code applies to residential buildingsand the buildings sites and associated systems andequipment. This code shall be the maximum andminimum energy code for residential construction in eachtown, city and county.R101.3 Intent. This code shall regulate the design andconstruction of buildings for the effective use andconservation of energy over the useful life of eachbuilding. This code is intended to provide flexibility topermit the use of innovative approaches and techniques toachieve this objective. This code is not intended toabridge safety, health or environmental requirementscontained in other applicable codes or ordinances.*R101.4 Applicability. Where, in any specific case,different sections of this code specify different materials,methods of construction or other requirements, the mostrestrictive shall govern. Where there is a conflict betweena general requirement and a specific requirement, thespecific requirement shall govern.R101.4.1 Mixed occupancy. Where a buildingincludes both residential and commercial occupancies,each occupancy shall be separately considered and meetthe applicable provisions of the WSEC - Commercialand Residential Provisions.R101.5 Compliance. Residential buildings shall meet theprovisions of WSEC - Residential Provisions.Commercial buildings shall meet the provisions ofWSEC - Commercial Provisions.R101.5.1 Compliance materials. The code officialshall be permitted to approve specific computersoftware, worksheets, compliance manuals and othersimilar materials that meet the intent of this code.SECTION R102APPLICABILITY—DUTIES AND POWERSOF THE CODE OFFICIALR102.1 Alternate materials, design and methods ofconstruction and equipment. The provisions of thiscode are not intended to prevent the installation of anymaterial or to prohibit any design or method ofconstruction not specifically prescribed by this code,2015 Washington State Energy Codeprovided that any such alternative has been approved. Thecode official shall be permitted to approve an alternatematerial, design or method of construction where the codeofficial finds that the proposed design is satisfactory andcomplies with the intent of the provisions of this code, andthat the material, method or work offered is, for thepurpose intended, at least the equivalent of that prescribedin this code.SECTION R103CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTSR103.1 General. Construction documents, technicalreports, and other supporting data shall be submitted inone or more sets with each application for a permit. Theconstruction documents and technical reports shall beprepared by a registered design professional whererequired by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which theproject is to be constructed. Where special conditionsexist, the code official is authorized to require necessaryconstruction documents to be prepared by a registereddesign professional.Exception: The code official is authorized to waive therequirements for construction documents or othersupporting data if the code official determines they arenot necessary to confirm compliance with this code.R103.2 Information on construction documents.Construction documents shall be drawn to scale uponsuitable material. Electronic media documents arepermitted to be submitted when approved by the codeofficial. Construction documents shall be of sufficientclarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of thework proposed, and show in sufficient detail pertinentdata and features of the building, systems and equipmentas herein governed. Details shall include, but are notlimited to, the following as applicable:1. Insulation materials and their R-values.2. Fenestration U-factors and SHGCs.3. Area-weighted U-factor and SHGC calculations.4. Mechanical system design criteria.5. Mechanical and service water heating system andequipment types, sizes and efficiencies.6. Equipment and systems controls7. Duct sealing, duct and pipe insulation and location.8. Air sealing details.R103.2.1 Building thermal envelope depiction. Thebuilding’s thermal envelope shall be represented on theconstruction documents.RE-3

R103.3 Examination of documents. The code officialshall examine or cause to be examined the accompanyingconstruction documents and shall ascertain whether theconstruction indicated and described is in accordance withthe requirements of this code and other pertinent laws orordinances. The code official is authorized to utilize aregistered design professional or other approved entity notaffiliated with the building design or construction inconducting the review of the plans and specifications forcompliance with the code.R103.3.1 Approval of construction documents.When the code official issues a permit whereconstruction documents are required, the constructiondocuments shall be endorsed in writing and stamped"Reviewed for Code Compliance." Such approvedconstruction documents shall not be changed, modifiedor altered without authorization from the code official.Work shall be done in accordance with the approvedconstruction documents.One set of construction documents so reviewed shallbe retained by the code official. The other set shall bereturned to the applicant, kept at the site of work andshall be open to inspection by the code official or a dulyauthorized representative.R103.3.2 Previous approvals. This code shall notrequire changes in the construction documents,construction or designated occupancy of a structure forwhich a lawful permit has been heretofore issued orotherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction ofwhich has been pursued in good faith within 180 daysafter the effective date of this code and has not beenabandoned.R103.3.3 Phased approval. The code official shallhave the authority to issue a permit for the constructionof part of an energy conservation system before theconstruction documents for the entire system have beensubmitted or approved, provided adequate informationand detailed statements have been filed complying withall pertinent requirements of this code. The holders ofsuch permit shall proceed at their own risk withoutassurance that the permit for the entire energyconservation system will be granted.R103.4 Amended construction documents. Work shallbe installed in accordance with the approved constructiondocuments, and any changes made during constructionthat are not in compliance with the approved constructiondocuments shall be resubmitted for approval as anamended set of construction documents.R103.5 Retention of construction documents. One setof approved construction documents shall be retained bythe code official for a period of not less than 180 daysfrom date of completion of the permitted work, or asrequired by state or local laws.RE-4SECTION R104INSPECTIONSR104.1 General. Construction or work for which a permitis required shall be subject to inspection by the codeofficial or his or her designated agent, and suchconstruction or work shall remain accessible and exposedfor inspection purposes until approved. It shall be the dutyof the permit applicant to cause the work to remainaccessible and exposed for inspection purposes. Neitherthe code official nor the jurisdiction shall be liable forexpense entailed in the removal or replacement of anymaterial, product, system or building component requiredto allow inspection to validate compliance with this code.R104.2 Required inspections. The code official or his orher designated agent, upon notification, shall make theinspections set forth in Sections R104.2.1 throughR104.2.5.R104.2.1 Footing and foundation inspection.Inspections associated with footings and foundationsshall verify compliance with the code as to R-value,location, thickness, depth of burial and protection ofinsulation as required by the code and approved plansand specifications.R104.2.2 Framing and rough-in inspection.Inspections at framing and rough-in shall be madebefore application of interior finish and shall verifycompliance with the code as to types of insulation andcorresponding R-values and their correct location andproper installation; fenestration properties (U-factorand SHCG) and proper installation; and air leakagecontrols as required by the code and approved plans andspecifications.R104.2.2.1 Wall insulation inspection. Thebuilding official, upon notification, shall make a wallinsulation inspection in addition to those inspectionsrequired in Section R109 of the InternationalResidential Code. This inspection shall be made afterall wall and cavity insulation is in place and prior tocover.C104.2.3 Plumbing rough-in inspection. Inspectionsat plumbing rough-in shall verify compliance asrequired by the code and approved plans andspecifications as to types of insulation andcorresponding R-values and protection, and requiredcontrols.C104.2.4 Mechanical rough-in inspection.Inspections at mechanical rough-in shall veritycompliance as required by the code and approved plansand specifications as to installed HVAC equipmenttype and size, required controls, system insulation andcorresponding R-value, system air leakage control,programmable thermostats, dampers, whole-houseventilation and minimum fan efficiency.Exception: Systems serving multiple dwelling unitsshall be inspected in accordance with SectionC104.2.4.2015 Washington State Energy Code

R104.2.5 Final inspection. The building shall have afinal inspection and not be occupied until approved.R104.3 Reinspection. A building shall be reinspectedwhen determined necessary by the code official.R104.4 Approved inspection agencies. The code officialis authorized to accept reports of third-party inspectionagencies not affiliated with the building design orconstruction, provided such agencies are approved as toqualifications and reliability relevant to the buildingcomponents and systems they are inspecting.R104.5 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of theholder of the permit or their duly authorized agent tonotify the code official when work is ready for inspection.It shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide accessto and means for inspections of such work that arerequired by this code.R104.6 Reinspection and testing. Where any work orinstallation does not pass an initial test or inspection, thenecessary corrections shall be made so as to achievecompliance with this code. The work or installation shallthen be resubmitted to the code official for inspection andtesting.R104.7 Approval. After the prescribed tests andinspections indicate that the work complies in all respectswith this code, a notice of approval shall be issued by thecode official.R104.7.1 Revocation. The code official is authorizedto, in writing, suspend or revoke a notice of approvalissued under the provisions of this code wherever thecertificate is issued in error, or on the basis of incorrectinformation supplied, or where it is determined that thebuilding or structure, premise, or portion thereof is inviolation of any ordinance or regulation or any of theprovisions of this code.SECTION R105VALIDITYR105.1 General. If a portion of this code is held to beillegal or void, such a decision shall not affect the validityof the remainder of this code.SECTION R106REFERENCED STANDARDSR106.1 Referenced codes and standards. The codes andstandards referenced in this code shall be those listed inChapter 5, and such codes and standards shall beconsidered as part of the requirements of this code to theprescribed extent of each such reference and as furtherregulated in Sections R106.1.1 and R106.1.2.2015 Washington State Energy CodeR106.1.1 Conflicts. Where differences occur betweenprovisions of this code and referenced codes andstandards, the provisions of this code shall apply.R106.1.2 Provisions in referenced codes andstandards. Where the extent of the reference to areferenced code or standard includes subject matter that iswithin the scope of this code, the provisions of this code,as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions inthe referenced code or standard.R106.2 Application of references. References to chapteror section numbers, or to provisions not specificallyidentified by number, shall be construed to refer to suchchapter, section or provision of this code.R106.3 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall notbe deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state orfederal law. In addition to the requirements of this code,all occupancies shall conform to the provisions includedin the state building code (chapter 19.27 RCW). In caseof conflicts among codes enumerated in RCW 19.27.031(1) through (4) and this code, an earlier named code shallgovern over those following. In the case of conflictbetween the duct sealing and insulation requirements ofthis code and the duct insulation requirements of Sections603 and 604 of the International Mechanical Code, theduct insulation requirements of this code shall govern.SECTION R107FEESR107.1 Fees. A permit shall not be issued until the feesprescribed in Section R107.2 have been paid, nor shall anamendment to a permit be released until the additionalfee, if any, has been paid.R107.2 Schedule of permit fees. A fee for each permitshall be paid as required, in accordance with the scheduleas established by the applicable governing authority.R107.3 Work commencing before permit issuance.Any person who commences any work before obtainingthe necessary permits shall be subject to an additional feeestablished by the code official, which shall be in additionto the required permit fees.R107.4 Related fees. The payment of the fee for theconstruction, alteration, removal or demolition of workdone in connection to or concurrently with the work oractivity authorized by a permit shall not relieve theapplicant or holder of the permit from the payment ofother fees that are prescribed by law.R107.5 Refunds. The code official is authorized toestablish a refund policy.RE-5

SECTION R108STOP WORK ORDERSECTION R110VIOLATIONSR108.1 Authority. Whenever the code official finds anywork regulated by this code being performed in a mannereither contrary to the provisions of this code or dangerousor unsafe, the code official is authorized to issue a stopwork order.It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation toerect or construct any building, or remodel or rehabilitateany existing building or structure in the state, or allow thesame to be done, contrary to or in violation of any of theprovisions of this code.R108.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writingand shall be given to the owner of the property involved,or to the owner's authorized agent, or to the person doingthe work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the citedwork shall immediately cease. The stop work order shallstate the reason for the order, and the conditions underwhich the cited work will be permitted to resume.R108.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, thecode official shall not be required to give a written noticeprior to stopping the work.SECTION R111LIABILITYNothing contained in this code is intended to be nor shallbe construed to create or form the basis for any liability onthe part of any city or county or its officers, employees oragents for any injury or damage resulting from the failureof a building to conform to the provisions of this code.R108.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shallcontinue any work after having been served with a stopwork order, except such work as that person is directed toperform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shallbe subject to a fine as set by the applicable governingauthority.SECTION R109BOARD OF APPEALSR109.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals oforders, decisions or determinations made by the codeofficial relative to the application and interpretation of thiscode, there shall be and is hereby created a board ofappeals. The code official shall be an ex officio member ofsaid board but shall have no vote on any matter before theboard. The board of appeals shall be appointed by thegoverning body and shall hold office at its pleasure. Theboard shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting itsbusiness, and shall render all decisions and findings inwriting to the appellant with a duplicate copy to the codeofficial.R109.2 Limitations on authority. An application forappeal shall be based on a claim that the true intent of thiscode or the rules legally adopted thereunder have beenincorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do notfully apply or an equally good or better form ofconstruction is proposed. The board shall have noauthority to waive requirements of this code.R109.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consistof members who are qualified by experience and trainingand are not employees of the jurisdiction.RE-62015 Washington State Energy Code

CHAPTER 2 [RE]DEFINITIONSSECTION R201GENERALR201.1 Scope. Unless stated otherwise, the followingwords and terms in this code shall have the meaningsindicated in this chapter.R201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in thepresent tense include the future; words in themasculine gender include the feminine and neuter; thesingular number includes the plural and the pluralincludes the singular. R201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Terms that arenot defined in this code but are defined in theInternational Building Code, International Fire Code,International Fuel Gas Code, InternationalMechanical Code, Uniform Plumbing Code or theInternational Residential Code shall have themeanings ascribed to them in those codes.R201.4 Terms not defined. Terms not defined by thischapter shall have ordinarily accepted meanings suchas the context implies.SECTION R202GENERAL DEFINITIONSABOVE-GRADE WALL. Awall enclosing conditionedspace that is not a below-grade wall. This includesbetween-floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors,roof and basement knee walls, dormer walls, gable endwalls, walls enclosing a mansard roof and skylightshafts.ACCESSIBLE. Admittingclose approach as a result ofnot being guarded by locked doors, elevation or othereffective means (see "Readily accessible").ADDITION. An extension or increase in the conditionedspace floor area or height of a building or structure.ADVANCED FRAMED WALLS. Studs framed on 24-inchcenters with double top plate and single bottom plate.Corners use two studs or other means of fullyinsulating corners, and one stud is used to supporteach header. Headers consist of double 2x materialwith R-10 insulation between the header and exteriorsheathing. Interior partition wall/exterior wallintersections are fully insulated in the exterior wall.(See Standard Framing and Appendix A, of thiscode.)2015 Washington State Energy CodeAIR BARRIER. Material(s)assembled and joinedtogether to provide a barrier to air leakage through thebuilding envelope. An air barrier may be a singlematerial or a combination of materials.ALTERATION. Any construction,retrofit or renovationto an existing structure other than repair or additionthat requires a permit. Also, a change in a building,electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system thatinvolves an extension, addition or change to thearrangement, type or purpose of the originalinstallation that requires a permit.APPROVED. Approval by the code official as a result ofinvestigation and tests conducted by him or her, or byreason of accepted principles or tests by nationallyrecognized organizations.APPROVED AGENCY. Anestablished and recognizedagency regularly engaged in conducting tests orfurnishing inspection services, when such agency hasbeen approved by the code official.AUTOMATIC. Self-acting,operating by its ownmechanism when actuated by some impersonalinfluence, as, for example, a change in currentstrength, pressure, temperature or mechanicalconfiguration (see "Manual").BASEMENT WALL. Seeabove-grade wall andbelow-grade wall.BELOW-GRADE WALL. Thatportion of a wall in thebuilding envelope that is entirely below the finishgrade and in contact with the ground.BUILDING. Any structureused or intended forsupporting or sheltering any use or occupancy,including any mechanical systems, service waterheating systems and electric power and lightingsystems located on the building site and supporting thebuilding.BUILDING SITE. A contiguousarea of land that isunder the ownership or control of one entity.BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE. Thebelow-gradewalls, above-grade walls, floor, roof, and any otherbuilding elements that enclose conditioned space orprovides a boundary between conditioned space andexempt or unconditioned space.RE-7

C-FACTOR (THERMAL CONDUCTANCE). Thecoefficient of heat transmission (surface to surface)through a building component or assembly, equal tothe time rate of heat flow per unit area and the unittemperature difference between the warm side andcold side surfaces (Btu/h ft2 F) [W/(m2 K)].CIRCULATING HOT WATER SYSTEM. A specificallydesigned water distribution system where one or morepumps are operated in the service hot water piping tocirculate heated water from the water-heatingequipment to the fixture supply and back to thewater-heating equipment.CLIMATE ZONE. A geographicalregion based onclimatic criteria as specified in this code.CODE OFFICIAL. Theofficer or other designatedauthority charged with the administration andenforcement of this code, or a duly authorizedrepresentative.COMMERCIAL BUILDING. Forthis code, all buildingsthat are not included in the definition of "Residentialbuildings."CONDITIONED FLOOR AREA. Thehorizontalprojection of the floors associated with theconditioned space.CONDITIONED SPACE. Anarea, room or space that isenclosed within the building thermal envelope andthat is directly or indirectly heated or cooled. Spacesare indirectly heated or cooled where theycommunicate through openings with conditionedspaced, where they are separated from conditionedspaces by uninsulated walls, floors or ceilings, orwhere they contain uninsulated ducts, piping or othersources of heating or cooling.CONTINUOUS AIR BARRIER. A combinationofmaterials and assemblies that restrict or prevent thepassage of air through the building thermal envelope.(c.i.). Insulating materialthat is continuous across all structural memberswithout thermal bridges other than fasteners andservice openings. It is installed on the interior orexterior or is integral to any opaque surface of thebuilding envelope.CONTINUOUS INSULATION CURTAIN WALL. Fenestrationproducts used to createan external nonload-bearing wall that is designed toseparate the exterior and interior environments.DEMAND RECIRCULATION WATER SYSTEM. Awaterdistribution system where pump(s) prime the servicehot water piping with heated water upon demand forhot water.DUCT. A tubeor conduit utilized for conveying air.The air passages of self-contained systems are not tobe construed as air ducts.RE-8DUCT SYSTEM. A continuouspassageway for thetransmission of air that, in addition to ducts, includesduct fittings, dampers, plenums, fans and accessoryair-handling equipment and appliances.DWELLING UNIT. A singleunit providing completeindependent living facilities for one or more persons,including permanent provisions for living, sleeping,eating, cooking and sanitation.ENERGY ANALYSIS. A methodfor estimating theannual energy use of the proposed design andstandard reference design based on estimates ofenergy use.ENERGY COST. Thetotal estimated annual cost forpurchased energy for the building functions regulatedby this code, including applicable demand charges.ENERGY SIMULATION TOOL. Anapproved softwareprogram or calculation-based methodology thatprojects the annual energy use of a building. EXTERIOR WALL. Wallsincluding both above-gradewalls and below-grade walls.FENESTRATION. Productsclassified as either verticalfenestration or skylights.VERTICAL FENESTRATION. Windows(fixed ormoveable), glazed doors, glazed block andcombination opaque/glazed doors composed ofglass or other transparent or translucent glazingmaterials and installed at a slope of at least 60degrees from horizontal. Opaque areas such asspandrel panels are not considered verticalfenestration.SKYLIGHT. Glass orother transparent or translucentglazing material installed at a slope of less than 60degrees from horizontal.FENESTRATION AREA. Totalarea of the fenestrationmeasured using the rough opening, and including theglazing, sash and frame.FENESTRATION PRODUCT, FIELD-FABRICATED. Afenestration product whose frame is made at theconstruction site of standard dimensional lumber orother materials that were not previously cut, orotherwise formed with the specific intention of beingused to fabricate a fenestration product or exteriordoor. Field fabricated does not include site-builtfenestration.FENESTRATION PRODUCT, SITE-BUILT. A fenestrationdesigned to be made up of field-glazed orfield-assembled units using specific factory cut orotherwise factory-formed framing and glazing units.Examples of site-built fenestration include storefrontsystems, curtain walls, and atrium roof systems.2015 Washington State Energy Code**

F-FACTOR. Theperimeter heat loss factor forslab-on-grade floors (Btu/h ft F) [W/(m K)].HEATED SLAB-ON-GRADE FLOOR. Slab-on-gradefloor construction in which the heating elements,hydronic tubing, or hot air distribution system is incontact with, or placed within or under, the slab.HIGH-EFFICACY LAMPS. Compactfluorescent lamps,T-8 or smaller diameter linear fluorescent lamps, orlamps with a minimum efficacy of:1. 60 lumens per watt for lamps over 40 watts;2. 50 lumens per watt for lamps over 15 watts to40 watts; and3. 40 lumens per watt for lamps 15 watts or less.HISTORIC BUILDINGS. Buildingsthat are listed in oreligible for listing in the National Register of HistoricPlaces, or designated as historic under an appropriatestate or local law.INFILTRATION. Theuncontrolled inward air leakageinto a building caused by the pressure effects of windo

2015 Washington State Energy Code RE-3 CHAPTER 1 [RE] SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION SECTION R101 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS R101.1 Title. This code shall be known as the Washington State Energy Code, and shall be cited as such. It is referred to herein as "this code." R101.2 Scope. This code applies to residential buildings

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