CERTIFIED FIRE PROTECTION SPECIALIST - Namvaran
CERTIFIED FIRE PROTECTION SPECIALIST2001 SELF STUDY GUIDERWeb page: http://cfps.nfpa.org
CERTIFIED FIRE PROTECTION SPECIALISTSELF STUDY GUIDEABOUT THE EXAMThe Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) exam is a three hour open book examconsisting of 100 multiple choice questions taken from a bank of questions representingsections and chapters of the National Fire Protection Associations (NFPA) Fire ProtectionHandbook. The exam questions are taken exclusively from the NFPA Fire ProtectionthHandbook. For the CFPS exams, the 18 edition of the handbook will be used as thereference. The NFPA handbook is divided into sections which, in turn, are divided intochapters. Questions are answered on a standard Scantron answer sheet which must bemarked with a #2 pencil.Questions are taken from sections of the handbook with the exam’s “degree of difficulty”based on an individual having 6 YEARS combined education and progressive fire protectionexperience. The “degree of difficulty” is commensurate with the qualifications for the CFPSprogram. Computations are not required during the exam.PREPARING FOR THE EXAMThe NFPA Fire Protection Handbook contains over 1800 pages of technical information.As such, it is virtually impossible to memorize and the following strategy is suggested inpreparation for the exam. Review the handbook and familiarize yourself with its layout. Become familiar with each section and its chapter titles. Become familiar with each chapters content. Consider the number of questions taken from each Section relative to the time spent inreview. Review the table of contents and index. You may not wish to extensively rely on usingthe handbooks index during the exam. The index is limited primarily to major topics andwill not always have the detail to lead you to a specific area. Tabbing your handbook is acceptable. Many have reported that this saves time gettingto the Section/Chapter desired.2
SECTION/QUESTION MATRIXFollowing is a listing of sections for the 18th edition of the NFPA Fire Protection Handbookand the number of questions for each.18th EditionSection Title# of Questions1.Basics of Fire and Fire Science42.Fire and Life Safety Education03.Fire Prevention144.Materials, Products, andEnvironments65.Detection and Alarm146.Suppression207.Confining Fires128.Evacuation of Occupants49.Systems Approaches to PropertyClasses1810.Organizing for Fire Protection511.Information and Analysis for FireProtection33
THE DAY OF THE EXAM Be sure to bring some form of photo identification with you on the day of the exam. Youwill not be permitted to sit for the exam if a photo I.D. cannot be produced. This is an open book examination exclusively using the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook. You must bring your own copy of the handbook with you. There will be no copies of thistextbook available at the test site. Handbooks may be tabbed however, photocopies of the Fire Protection Handbook willnot be allowed in the test room. No other reference materials , papers or other items of any type (including calculators)will be permitted. This is a 3 hour exam. Time lost if you have to leave the room cannot be made-up. Time will be kept by the proctor. Announcements will be made at the 1 /2 hour, 1 hour,1/2 hour and 15 minute remaining marks. No smoking will be permitted during the exam. Bring a number 2 pencil with you to the test site.1Hints to taking the exam Initially answering all questions that you know. Reviewing the questions once again. Often you’ll find that following #1, either yourmemory will be jogged or something within one question provides a clue to the answerfor another question. Next, refer to the handbook to find answers for the remaining questions. Due to thelimited scope of the index, this is not a simple or straightforward process. You must beable to identify the true subject content of the question in order to immediately get to theappropriate chapter within the handbook. Without this knowledge, and the ability toanswer a significant number of questions under numbers 1 and 2, you’ll run out of time. Finally, take advantage of the announcements made by the proctor marking timeremaining, being sure to answer all questions. The exam is graded on the numbercorrect out of 100 questions, not the number of questions answered. Unansweredquestions will be marked wrong.4
CERTIFIED FIRE PROTECTION SPECIALISTRETIRED QUESTIONS1. “Romex” is a trade name of which standard wiring method?A. electrical metallic tubing (EMT)B. metal-clad cableC. rigid non-metallic conduitD. non-metallic sheathed cable2. ESFR Sprinklers are designed to operate at a minimum of psi so as to producea minimum flow per sprinkler of gpm.A. 50,100B. 25,75C. 75,100D. 75,1503. Pressure regulator devices are used to limit sprinkler or standpipe system outletpressures include: Pressure-relief, pressure-regulating and valves.A. Pressure-maintenanceB. Spring loadedC. Pressure-restrictingD. Pilot-control4. Which type of signal in a protective signaling system indicates a fault in a monitoredcircuit or component of the fire alarm system?A. Alarm signalB. Supervisory signalC. Trouble signalD. Multiplex signal5. For general varieties of stored goods, which NFPA standards define commodityclassifications relative to their heat of combustion, rate of heat release and rate of flamespread?A. 231 and 231CB. 49 and 497C. 1001 and 1901D. 70 and 70A6. Tanks used in dipping and coating processes having a capacity of more than 150gallons or a liquid surface area of 10 square feet or more should be equipped withtrapped overflow pipes, recommended to being never less than what diameter?A. 3 inchB. 4 inchC. 6 inchD. 8 inch5
7. What is the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid to the weight of an equal volume ofwater?A. Molecular weight of a compoundB. Atomic weight of an elementC. Specific GravityD. Buoyancy8. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one (1) pound of water one (1)degree Fahrenheit is called what?A. British Thermal Unit (BTU)B. WattC. CalorieD. Joule9. Bromochlorodifluoromethane is an extinguishing agent better known as what?A. Halon 1301B. Halon 2402C. Halon 1211D. Carbon Tetrachloride10. In addition to the ordinary Edison-base type, what type of plug fuse is a commonly usedprotective device?A. Type “S”B. Time-delay typeC. Dual element typeD. Ground fault type11. What classification of oven/furnace is heat utilization equipment which operates atapproximately atmospheric pressure wherein there is no flammable or combustiblematerials being heated?A. Class AB. Class BC. Class CD. Class D12. Under fire conditions, it may be necessary to empty the contents of a quench tank in notmore than 5 minutes. For this reason, adequately sized, fully trapped drain pipes shouldbe provided to drain to a safe location. What would be the minimum size of pipe for an800 gallon quench tank?A. 4 inchB. 5 inchC. 6 inchD. 8 inch6
13. In spray finishing processes, quantities of flammable and combustible liquids kept in ornear process areas should be limited to the amount needed :A. For one working shift at a timeB. For a period of two working shiftsC. For a period of three working shiftsD. None of the above14. The vapor area created by dipping and coating processes is defined as any areacontaining vapor at or above what percent of the Lower Flammable Limit in the vicinity ofdipping and coating processes, their drain boards or associated drying, conveying orother equipment during operation or shutdown periods?A. 25 percentB. 50 percentC. 75 percentD. 100 percent15. Which class of Computer Aided Dispatch system requires manual entry from theoperator and is used primarily to keep track of fire apparatus unit status and relatedinformation but does not require computer redundancy?A. Class 1B. Class 2C. Class 3D. Class 416. Regarding hazardous (Classified) locations, which of the following Classes andDivisions address locations in which ignitable concentrations of flammable gases orvapors can exist under normal operating conditions?A. Class A, Group 1B. Class II, Division 2C. Class 1, Division 3D. Class 1, Division 117. Regarding different types of fuel oil, which of the following would NOT be broadlyclassed as a “distillate”?A. Bunker CB. KeroseneC. Diesel OilD. Gasoline18. Underground fuel oil storage tanks and fuel oil storage tanks inside buildings larger thanwhat capacity must have fill and vent pipes terminating outside the building?A. 10 GallonsB. 60 GallonsC. 100 GallonsD. 220 Gallons7
19. Color coding is part of the identification system for portable fire extinguishers. Class Dis identified by a five point star of what color?A. BlueB. RedC. GreenD. Yellow20. Highly protected risk (HPR) property insurance carriers generally recommend that eachtour of a fire guard service should not exceed how long in actual length?A. 45 minutesB. 1 hourC. 90 minutesD. 2 hours21. Which kind of smoke detector involves a small amount of radioactive material renderingthe air in the sensing chamber between two charged electrodes as conductive?A. Cloud chamber-photoelectric smoke detectorB. ionization smoke detectorC. light obscuration-photoelectric smoke detectorD. light scattering-photoelectric smoke detector22. Line type rate-of-rise heat detectors consisting of metal tubing in a loop configuration isnormally limited to what length on each circuit?A. 30 feetB. 1000 feetC. 25 feetD. 15 feet23. Rate-of-rise type heat detectors will typically function when the rate of temperatureincrease per minute exceeds what?A. 2% ambientB. 165 degrees FC. 1 to 5 degrees FD. 12 to 15 degrees F24. What is the name of the process where molten plastic is passed through a die to form acontinuous profile?A. LaminationB. MoldingC. ExtrusionD. Polymerization8
25. Which of the classifications of common refrigerants is “highly flammable”?A. Group DB. Group 3C. Group 1D. Class A26. What is the classification of aerosol where the percentage of flammable material in thebase product is less than 25% and the percentage of flammable propellant is less than50%?A. Level 3B. Level 2C. Level 1D. None of the above27. When considering the storage and handling of records, magnetic media can beconsidered safeguarded only up to temperatures in the range of degrees F.A. 100B. 150C. 135D. 12528. Which type of grinding equipment consists of a cylindrical or conical shell whichrevolves on its axis and is charged with steel rods or balls of steel, porcelain or flint?A. Tumbling millB. Roller millC. Hammer millD. Jet mill29. Smoke detectors must be installed in all air-conditions or ventilating systems overcubic feet per minute.A. 20,000B. 15,000C. 10,000D. 5,00030. In elevator use, most building codes require venting of the hoistway for elevatorsserving or more stories.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 69
31. In the life safety code, the average recommended maximum travel distance to an exit(although this varies with occupancy) is 200 feet. In most cases, the travel distance canbe increased up to % if the building is completely protected with a standardsupervised automatic sprinkler system.A. 50B. 75C. 20D. 2532. In general indoor storage, an example of a Class I commodity is:A. Any essentially non-combustible productB. Any product containing appreciable amounts of Group A plasticsC. Paper board cartons and wood palletsD. Paper and natural fiber cloth33. At present, there are three (3) types of deflagration detection devices used inconjunction with suppression systems. They are static detectors, rate of pressure risedetectors and:A. Products of combustion detectorsB. Optical flame detectorsC. Ionization detectorsD. Rate of rise detectors34. A “BLEVE” is a:A. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosionB. Boiling liquid expanding via vapor explosionC. Bland liquid expanding vapor explosionD. None of the above35. What is the limit for a dead-end corridor in a new, sprinklered business occupancy?A. 200 feetB. 150 feetC. 100 feetD. 50 feet36. According to NFPA 101, LIFE SAFETY CODE, what is the occupant load for type I andtype II stores for street floor area and basement sales areas of shopping malls?A. 30 square feet net per personB. 50 square feet net per personC. 0.2 inches/personD. 22 inches10
37. To ensure business occupant evacuation , the Means of Egress is required by the LifeSafety Code to be illuminated to what intensity measured at the floor?A. 10.77 footcandle2B. 2.2 lu/mC. 1 footcandle1D. /5 footcandle38. If normal building lighting fails, emergency lighting should provide necessary exit floorillumination automatically for what minimum duration?A. 1 hour1B. 1 /2 hoursC. 30 minutesD. 10 minutes39. A profile of residual pressures whose function is to present graphically the flowcharacteristics of a pipe line is know as the:A. hydraulic gradientB. sprinkler demand analysisC. average densityD. Morganstern effect40. NFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers, requires hydrostatic pressure tests be performedon a carbon dioxide extinguisher how often?A. 5 yearsB. 6 yearsC. 1 yearD. 2 years41. What is the maximum travel distance to a Class A portable extinguisher, according toNFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers?A. 100 feetB. 75 feetC. 50 feetD. 25 feet42. Total flooding, high expansion foam systems generally require what minimum depth ofcover above the hazard being protected?A. 12 feetB. 10 feetC. 5 feetD. 2 feet11
43. Low expansion foams are defined as those with what ratio of final foam volume to foamsolution volume?A. 200 to 1B. 100 to 1C. 40 to 1D. 20 to 144. The minimum recommended quantity of dry chemical for hand hose line systemsshould be sufficient to permit use of the system for how long?A. 60 secondsB. 30 secondsC. 15 secondsD. 10 seconds45. Class I, Division 2 locations are:A. Locations in which volatile flammable liquids or flammable gases are handled,processed, etc. but in which the liquids or gases will normally be confined withinclosed containers or systemsB. Locations where flammable liquids are mixed or transferred in open containersC. Locations where combustible fibers are used, processed, etc.D. Locations where combustible fibers are stored but not normally present in theatmosphere46. Most building fires are started by heat sources and ignitable materials that:A. Are part of the building constructionB. Result from inadequate design of the buildingC. Are brought into the buildingD. Are ignited by occupants47. The most commonly used instrument for measuring the flow rate of a stream of waterthat is being discharged from a circular orifice is a:A. Bernoulli gaugeB. Underwriters playpipeC. Pitot tube and gaugeD. Venturi tube48. Based on the British Fire Loading Studies, the fire load of a structure is described ashigh if it exceeds an average of per square foot of net floor area but doesnot exceed an average of 400,000 BTU per square foot of net floor area.A. 100,000B. 200,000C. 300,000D. 350,00012
49. An unbarricaded storage site of 901 pounds of explosives requires a clearance offeet from an inhabited building.A. 800B. 600C. 400D. 16050. The critical temperature for structural steel at which collapse is impending is in therange of:A. 2,000 to 2,199 degrees FB. 1,500 to 1,600 degrees FC. 1,300 to 1,400 degrees FD. 1,000 to 1,100 degrees F51. Large drop sprinklers are special sprinklers with a K factor of approximately:A. 11.5B. 5.6C. 1.5D. 8.052. Paints and coatings (used to increase the fire endurance of wood) that swell whenheated, thus forming an insulating layer around the wood are known as:A. IntumescentB. PhosphorescentC. EfflorescingD. Fluorocarbon53. The top of a side wall mounted fire detector used in household warning systems shouldbe located how far from the ceiling?A. 4 to 12 inchesB. more than 12 inchesC. less than 4 inchesD. more than 300 millimeters54. Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the inspectors test connection used intesting waterflow alarm initiating devices on sprinkler systems?A. it is installed on a 1 inch pipeB. it sometimes terminates outside of the buildingC. it must always terminate in an orifice that simulates a single sprinkler head1D. it must always have a /2 inch orifice13
55. Which type of protective signaling system is widely used in large commercial andindustrial facilities where transmitted signals are received and recorded automatically ata constantly attended central supervisory station located at either the protectedpremises or at another location of the property owner?A. Central stationB. Remote stationC. Proprietary stationD. All of the above56. What is the permitted exposure time for a concentration of Halon 1301 up to 7%A. 30 minutesB. 1 minuteC. 15 minutesD. 30 seconds57. Low pressure storage containers for carbon dioxide are pressure vessels with designworking pressure of at least:A. 600 psiB. 325 psiC. 200 psiD. 14.7 psi58. Low pressure storage containers for carbon dioxide are maintained at approximatelywhat temperature?A. 0 degrees CB. -18 degrees FC. 0 degrees FD. 32 degrees F59. What is the density of water?A. 8.34 pounds per square footB. 7.48 pounds per gallonC. 62.40 pounds per cubic footD. 39.20 pounds per cubic foot60. Propane is a Class 2, Division gas.A. 2.1B. 2.2C. 2.3D. 2.414
61. In practical fire fighting, water must be delivered at:A. 50-100 times the rates used in researchB. 25-100 times the rates used in researchC. 10-100 times the rates used in researchD. 100-1,000 times the rates used in research62. Which NFPA 220 classification of construction type was formerly referred to as “noncombustible”?A. IIB. IC. 2AD. 1B63. What is the recommended nominal dimensional requirement for a column whichsupports the roof in Type IV construction?A. 10” x 6”B. 6” x 8”C. 6” x 10”D. 8” x 8”64. An interior wall, not more than one story in height and not intended to serve as a firebarrier is referred to as a:A. fire wallB. party wallC. non-bearing wallD. partition65. The 25 foot steiner tunnel test is also known as:A. ASTM E84B. NFPA 255C. UL 723D. All of the above66. Ordinary paint, wallpaper or other similar wall coverings ARE NOT generally includedas interior finish if they do not exceed what thickness?1A. /9 inchB. 0.9 inch1C. /28 inchD. 0.28 inch15
67. A material with a flame spread rating of 100 is considered to be what classification ofinterior finish?A. Class CB. Class BC. Class AD. Class II68. According to Life Safety Code requirements, which class of interior floor finish is notpermitted in new, “Detention and Correctional” occupancies?A. Class IB. Class BC. Class IID. Class C69. What would be the approximate water discharge rate of a typical nominalorifice automatic sprinkler with a flowing pressure of 100 psi?A. 7.8 GPMB. 28 GPMC. 50 GPMD. 80 GPM17/32 inch70. According to NFPA 13, what is the maximum ceiling temperature of an “Intermediate”sprinkler head?A. 149 degreesB. 150 degreesC. 212 degreesD. 225 degrees71. As a liquid leaves a pipe, conduit or container through an orifice and discharges toatmosphere, the normal pressure is converted to:A. Head pressureB. Gallons per minuteC. Atmospheric pressureD. Velocity pressure372. What is the theoretical flow through a 1 /4 inch orifice with a pitot pressure of 30 psi?A. 501 GPMB. 368 GPMC. 692 GPMD. 224 GPM16
73. As identified within the NFPA handbook, what is the typical discharge coefficient for afully flowing hydrant butt with a smooth and well-rounded outlet?A. 0.70B. 0.80C. 0.88D. 0.9074. What is the equivalent pipe length for a 4 inch butterfly type valve?A. 2 feetB. 12 feetC. 45 feetD. 65 feet75. After an 8 inch underground pipe for a sprinkler system has been completed, it shouldbe thoroughly flushed at what rate?A. 1560 GPMB. 500 GPMC. 250 GPMD. 100 GPM76. NFPA 291, “FIRE FLOW TESTING AND MARKING OF HYDRANTS” recommends thata class AA hydrant (1500 GPM minimum at 20 psi residual) should have what colorbonnet and nozzle caps?A. light blueB. greenC. orangeD. red77. Which of the following apparatus found on fire pumps opens slightly above the ratedpressure when there is little or no flow so that water is discharged to prevent the pumpsfrom overheating and is necessary for automatically starting fire pumps?A. Main relief valveB. Circulation relief valveC. Automatic air release valveD. Hose valves78. Which of the following is NOT a point on the standard time-temperature curve adoptedby ASTM in 1918?A. 500 degrees F @ 10 minutesB. 1550 degrees F @ 30 minutesC. 1700 degrees F @ 1 hourD. 1850 degrees F @ 2 hours17
79. NFPA 1901 requires pumper fire apparatus to have a minimum water tank capacity of.A. 500 GallonsB. 450 GallonsC. 400 GallonsD. 350 Gallons80. A fire pump used for fire apparatus must be capable of delivering 50% of its ratedcapacity at what net pump pressure?A. 150 psiB. 100 psiC. 250 psiD. 200 psi81. Service tests of pumping engines should be conducted .A. semi-annuallyB. annuallyC. every three yearsD. every five years82. Tables within the handbook serve as a guide in assessing exposure severity. Whatwould be the classification of exposure severity based on a fire load of 20 pounds persquare foot?A. SevereB. ConsiderableC. ModerateD. Light83. Based on the Model Code Standardization Council (MCSC) system, the NFPAconstruction type which was formerly referred to as “heavy timber” is compared to whatBOCA National Building Code type?A. 4B. 4BC. 3AD. 2A84. According to the three-digit notational system used to identify fire resistancerequirements for basic elements of buildings, the third digit represents the hourly fireresistance required for the construction of what building element?A. exterior wallB. floorC. structural frameD. interior partitions18
85. On a sprinkler head with a temperature classification of “high”, the frame arms are colorcoded what color?A. whiteB. redC. blueD. green86. According to the area/density curves in the 1991 edition of NFPA 13, a 1500 squarefoot area of operation would require what minimum density in an ordinary group 1occupancy?A. 0.1 GPMB. 0.12 GPMC. 0.14 GPMD. 0.15 GPM87. According to the area density curves in the 1991 edition of NFPA 13, an extra hazardgroup 1 occupancy requires 0.30 GPM over what minimum area of operation?A. 3000 square feetB. 1500 square feetC. 4000 square feetD. 2500 square feet88. According to DOT placarding and labeling practices, placards are not required for whichof the following?A. Tear gasB. Low level radioactivesC. Class C explosivesD. All of the above89. Which of the following dipping/coating processes involve the coating material beingapplied from nozzles or slots in an unatomized state onto the material being coated?A. Flow coatersB. Curtain coatersC. Dip tanksD. Roll coaters90. The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume ofwater is called:A. Vapor densityB. Atomic weightC. BuoyancyD. Specific gravity19
91. The weight of ordinary combustibles in a room divided by the floor area of the room isknown as:A. Fire loadB. Fire resistance ratingC. Structural integrity factorD. Interior finish classification92. The total head of a pump is:A. Determined by the casing dimensionsB. Determined by the RPMC. The energy imparted to the liquid as it passes through the pumpD. A function of the drive HP93. The two major elements of a centrifugal pump are:A. Motor and power sourceB. Impeller and casingC. Casing and stuffing glandsD. Discharge check valve and suction equipment94. Lead azide, mercury fulminate, black powder, blasting caps and dynamite are classifiedas:A. Class A explosivesB. Class B explosivesC. Class C explosivesD. Blasting agents95. All liquids with a flash point at or above 100 F:A. Are classified as flammable liquidsB. Are not subject to the latent heat of vaporizationC. If in bulk , shall be stored in spheroid vesselsD. Are classified as combustible liquids96. Piping used in sprinkler systems should be of the type to withstand a working pressureof not less than:A. 150 psiB. 175 psiC. 250 psiD. 350 psi20
97. A large orifice sprinkler:A. Will have a discharge rate of 200% of that of the standard sprinklerB. Can only be installed in cross mainsC. Is identified by a one inch pipe connectionD. Will have a discharge rate of 140% of that of the standard sprinkler98. Automatic fire pumps used in conjunction with a sprinkler system:A. Should have their suction under a positive headB. Should have their suction under a negative headC. Must be of the positive displacement typeD. Must of the negative displacement type99. The anti-freeze solution used in a system supplied from public water connections shallbe:A. Ethylene GlycolB. Diethelene GlycolC. Ethyl AlcoholD. Glycerin100. Which of the following is NOT a critical operating feature of a sprinkler system whichneeds to be connected to a supervisory signal initiating device?A. The position of the sprinkler control valvesB. The operation and integrity of fire pumpC. The air pressure in a dry-pipe sprinkler systemD. None of the above21
ANSWER KEY1 D31 A61 C91 A2 A32 A62 A92 C3 C33 B63 B93 B4 C34 A64 D94 A5 A35 D65 D95 D6 A36 A66 C96 B7 C37 C67 A97 D8 A38 B68 C98 A9 C39 A69 D99 D10 A40 A70 B100 D11 B41 B71 D12 A42 D72 A13 A43 D73 D14 A44 B74 B15 C45 A75 A16 D46 C76 A17 A47 C77 B18 A48 B78 A19 D49 A79 A20 A50 D80 C21 B51 A81 B22 B52 A82 A23 D53 A83 A24 C54 D84 B25 B55 C85 C26 C56 C86 D27 D57 B87 D28 A58 C88 D29 B59 C89 A30 A60 A90 D22
The Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) exam is a three hour open book exam consisting of 100 multiple choice questions taken from a bank of questions representing sections and chapters of the National Fire Protection Associations (NFPA) Fire Protection Handbook. The exam questions are taken exclusively from the NFPA Fire Protection
FIRE TOPPER Fire Bowl User Manual Home » FIRE TOPPER » FIRE TOPPER Fire Bowl User Manual Contents [ hide 1 FIRE TOPPER Fire Bowl 2 Setting Up Your Fire Topper Fire Bowl 2.1 Set-Up 3 Placement and Location 3.1 Liquid Propane Tank 4 Using your Fire Topper Fire Bowl - For your safety, read before lighting. 5 Cleaning, Maintenance, Storage 6 .
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Fire Protection Systems Cargo Compartment Fire Verification System - Image based fire/smoke detection (Video-detection) International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group. Meeting in London on June 13-14th, 2002. Klaus Schmoetzer. Airbus, Dept. ECYM. Fire Protection & Conveyance Systems. 28183 Bremen / Germany. E-mail: klaus .
Grade 2 ELA Curricular Frameworks with ELL Scaffolds . Grade 2 Unit 2 Reading Literature and Reading Informational Unit 2: RL.2.1, RI.2.1, and WIDA Standards . Reading Literature and WIDA Standards Reading Informational Text and WIDA Standards Critical Knowledge and Skills WIDA Criterion RL.2.1. Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate .
