California Child Care Disaster Plan 2016
CaliforniaChild CareDisasterPlan 2016ANNEX TO THE STATE OFCALIFORNIA EMERGENCY PLANDeveloped by the UCSF California Childcare Health Program withfunding from the California Department of Education
Table of Contents1AcknowledgmentsCalifornia Child Care Disaster Plan Advisory GroupCalifornia Child Care Disaster Plan Development TeamCalifornia Child Care Disaster Plan Review mptionsPurpose5OverviewMitigation, Preparedness, Response, RecoveryPotential Emergencies, Hazards, and Disasters7Child Care Characteristics and VulnerabilitiesYoung Children, Families, and Child Care ProvidersCalifornia Child Care LicensingAdditional Standards and RegulationsLicense-exempt Child CareGovernment Subsidies for Child Care10Communication in DisastersLocal Emergency ServicesTwo-way CommunicationStandardized Emergency Management SystemExhibit A: Emergency Services Management and Child Care Flow of CommunicationWarnings, Alerts, and Public Safety UpdatesSetting Up a Communication Hub in Child Care ProgramsCommunication Technology15Lessons LearnedPlanningReunificationChild Care is an Essential ServiceRelief and Recovery17References18Emergency FunctionsExhibit B: State Agency Emergency Functions for Child CareEmergency Function Narratives by State AgencyExhibit C: Federal Agency Emergency Functions for Child CareEmergency Function Narratives by Federal AgencyExhibit D: Organizational Emergency Communication Flow Chart for Child CareExhibit E: Acronyms28Maintenance and Distribution29Record of Changes
AcknowledgmentsCalifornia Child CareDisaster PlanAdvisory GroupThe statewide Child Care DisasterPlan Advisory Group convened as asubgroup of the statewide Child CareHealth and Safety RegulatoryWorkgroup to: (1) Encourage bestpractices and implement federalChild Care and Development BlockGrant (CCDBG) requirements in theCalifornia Child Care Disaster Plan;(2) Support child care providers todevelop disaster plans for theirindividual programs based onprogram needs and local resources;(3) Make recommendations to theCalifornia Department of SocialServices Community Care LicensingDivision to update California’s ChildCare licensing regulations for disasterplanning. The following members ofthe Advisory Group from Stateagencies and child care advocacygroups contributed to the CaliforniaChild Care Disaster Plan byparticipating in workgroup meetings,providing information, and givingfeedback during the developmentphase of the plan.Advisory Group MembersBenita BeaushawDisaster Medical ResponseCommunicationsState of California EMS AuthorityAnnLouise BonnittoTribal Child Development DirectorTribal Child Care Associationof California Legislative ChairCalifornia Rural Indian Health Board, Inc.Lucy ChaidezChild Care Training CoordinatorState of California EMS AuthorityKihn ChinAnalyst, Office of Emergency ServicesCity of BerkeleyKathleen Fry-MillerAssociate DirectorChildren’s Disaster ServicesDrew HammondEmergency Services CoordinatorEmergency Functions Planning Unit,Preparedness DivisionCalifornia Governor’s Office of EmergencyServicesSuzanne HayduNutrition and Physical Activity CoordinatorMaternal, Child & AdolescentHealth DivisionCenter for Family Health, CaliforniaDepartment of Public HealthTarah J. HellerRegional Program ManagerOffice of Child Care, Region IXSenior Emergency CoordinatorCalifornia Department of Social ServicesDisaster Services Bureau,Administration DivisionLola Cornish-NickensKelley KnappAbby J. CohenDirector of Member ServicesCalifornia Child Care Resource &Referral NetworkNutrition Education ConsultantCalifornia Department of EducationNutrition Services DivisionJeanne-Aimée De MarraisJenifer L. LipmanSenior Director, US EmergenciesDepartment of Humanitarian Response,Save the ChildrenHead Start Health ConsultantLos Angeles County Office of EducationTracy L. McBroomEllen DektarDivision Director, Disaster State RelationsAmerican Red Cross Pacific DivisionSenior Management AnalystAlameda County Early Care andEducation Planning CouncilCynthia FrankelAlameda County CoordinatorEMS for ChildrenDenyne MichelettiChief Executive OfficerCalifornia Alternative PaymentProgram AssociationCAPPA Children’s FoundationNoah FullertonAnalyst, Child Care Licensing ProgramCalifornia Department of Social ServicesContinued on next pageCalifornia Child Care Disaster Plan 2016 1
Kristina M. MoffittProgram Manager, EmergencySupport Functions Planning UnitPreparedness DivisionCalifornia Governor’s Office ofEmergency ServicesStephanie MyersCoordinator, Head StartCollaboration OfficeCalifornia Department of EducationLinda ParfittConsultant, Early Education andSupport DivisionCalifornia Department of EducationMary Beth PhillipsState Systems Specialist, Region IXState Capacity Building CenterA Service of the Office of Child Care,ICF InternationalLeAnn RaffantiBureau ChiefDisaster Services Bureau,Administration DivisionCalifornia Department of Social ServicesTamara A. Rodriguez,Officer, Emergency Preparednessand ResponseCalifornia Department ofDevelopmental ServiceCalifornia ChildCare Disaster PlanDevelopment TeamAbbey AlkonProject DirectorUCSF California Childcare Health ProgramGail BrodieConsultantEarly Education and Support DivisionCalifornia Department of EducationCecelia Fisher-DahmsEducation AdministratorCalifornia Department of EducationKimberly HazardResearch Assistant/Project CoordinatorUCSF California ChildcareHealth ProgramBobbie RoseProject FacilitatorUCSF California ChildcareHealth ProgramBopha Sin-BerryPediatric Nurse Practitioner StudentUCSF School of NursingBonnie SandersTraining Analyst, CDPH Duty OfficerCalifornia Department of Public HealthEmergency Preparedness OfficeBonnie SinzState Trauma System CoordinatorCalifornia Emergency Medical Servicesfor ChildrenSherri SpringerBoard MemberCalifornians for Quality Early Learning(CQEL)Cyndi TrujilloResource & Referral ManagerLos Angeles County, Child CareResource CenterHeidi WilkeningEMS for Children CoordinatorCalifornia Emergency Medical Servicesfor ChildrenCalifornia Child Care Disaster Plan 2016 2Andrea TaffePediatric Nurse Practitioner StudentUCSF School of NursingMimi WolffProject CoordinatorUCSF California Childcare Health ProgramCalifornia ChildCare Disaster PlanReview TeamBenita Beaushaw, Lucy Chaidez,Lola Cornish-Nickens,Kathleen Fry-Miller, Suzanne Haydu,Tarah Heller, Kelley Knapp,Jenifer Lipman, Catherine Lopez,Linda MacIntyre, Cindy Mall,Tracy McBroom, Corazon Mendoza,Kristina Moffitt, Stephanie Myers,Linda Parfitt, LeAnn Raffanti,Bonnie Sanders, Sherri Springer,and Heidi Wilkening.
IntroductionThe California Child Care Disaster Plan is an Annex to the State of California Emergency Plan toprovide guidance for communication and coordination in the event of a disaster that affects the childcare infrastructure. The California Child Care Disaster Plan provides information and resources tosupport child care providers, children in their care, and their families before, during, and after anemergency or disaster.BackgroundThe State of California Emergency Plan (SEP) provides theState’s plan for responding to emergencies and disasters,both natural and human-caused. The plan describesemergency operations of governmental agencies includinghow resources are mobilized, methods of communication,and plans to keep the government operating during andafter an emergency or disaster.The SEP involves many statewide agencies and includesFunctional Annexes. While the SEP is comprehensive,it does not include specific provisions for the childcare community. Child care is a vital service to localcommunities and economies, and represents a diversepopulation of children, families, child care providers, andmany affiliated agencies and organizations.Children who receive subsidized child care services maybe among the most vulnerable, and their families andcommunities among the least resilient, following a disaster.When President Obama signed the Reauthorization ofthe Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG)Act on November 29, 2014, it marked the beginningof a new era for the Child Care and Development Fund(CCDF) program. Reauthorization instituted expansivechanges for children’s health and safety. Among thenew health and safety requirements, states must nowdemonstrate how the needs of children receiving childcare services funded by CCDBG will be met before,during, and after an emergency.CCDBG recognizes the importance of emergencyplanning to reduce the risks of injury, death, andpsychological trauma caused by disasters. Planning forthe continuation of child care services builds communityresilience by reducing potential lost revenue for familiesand child care providers and addressing the child careneeds of emergency workers. Ensuring healthy andsafe child care before, during, and after a disaster lessensthe disruption to normal routines and supports optimalchild development.AdministrationAs the lead agency for CCDBG funding in California, theCalifornia Department of Education (CDE), Early Educationand Support Division (EESD), provided guidance andfunding to develop the California Child Care Disaster Plan.The California Child Care Disaster Plan is a FunctionalAnnex to the existing State of California Emergency Plan.The California Child Care Disaster Plan Annex (Annex)does not duplicate what is already in the SEP. Instead, theAnnex provides new information that can stand alonewhile coordinating with activities and responsibilities statedin the SEP. An important goal of the Annex is to providepractical guidance for child care programs to developcustom emergency response plans based on individualprogram needs and local resources. This program levelinformation can be found in the Appendix to the Annex.The Appendix includes a step-by-step planning guide,forms, checklists, key terms, job action sheets, sampleletters of agreement, and other helpful documents. Theoverall purpose of the Annex and Appendix is to minimizepotential injury, death, loss, destruction, and disruption forchildren, families, and child care providers in the event ofa disaster or emergency.California Child Care Disaster Plan 2016 3
Scope The California Child Care Disaster Plan outlines the rolesand responsibilities of key supporting agencies to preparefor, respond to, and recover from a disaster thatsignificantly impacts a community’s child careinfrastructure. The document includes suggested actionsand emergency functions for partner organizations.Through coordination of best practices for the emergencyfunctions, gaps and duplications in key activities areminimized. Licensed child care centers, family child carehomes, school-age child care, and licensed-exempt childcare are included in the plan. For the purpose of theCalifornia Child Care Disaster Plan, the term “emergency”includes disasters, either natural or human-caused, andother emergencies that may occur in child care. Assumptions The following assumptions guide the California Child CareDisaster Plan: Saving lives is the first priority in an emergency.Children bring what they learn at school/child care to thehome environment thereby improving family resilience.Child care providers will be ‘emergency managers’ fortheir child care programs.Child care is an essential service for emergencyresponse workers and necessary for a community’seconomic recovery.In disaster situations, child care providers will shelterin-place if possible. Evacuation to a mass shelter is alast resort.It may take hours, days, weeks, or months for a child tobe reunified with their family after a disaster.Increased staff absenteeism will occur in child careafter a disaster when employees are personally affectedby a disaster.Needs for child care may increase after a disaster whilefamilies recover and rebuild their lives.Child care after a disaster will be healthy and safe andmeet the developmental needs of children.In the coming decades, California will likely be facedwith increased impacts from extreme natural eventssuch as heat waves, wild fires, droughts, and floods.1The California Child Care Disaster Plan will beconsistent with the California’s Standardized EmergencyManagement System (SEMS) response operations. Implementation of the California Child Care DisasterPlan may vary depending on the extent of the damagecaused by a disaster.PurposeChild care providers will carry out their emergencyplans at the local government response level.The California Department of Education (CDE), theDepartment of Social Services (DSS) Community CareLicensing, and the Resource and Referral Network(R&R Network) play integral roles in providinginformation to emergency personnel, child careproviders, and communities.Disaster related activities, information, and services willbe culturally appropriate, in languages spoken in thecommunity, and include children and families withdisabilities and/or access and functional needs.Child care providers play an important role in thedissemination of emergency preparedness, response,and recovery information to families.The purpose of the California Child Care Disaster Planis to provide clear guidance for state agencies torespond to disasters that affect a community’s childcare infrastructure. The California Child Care DisasterPlan defines the roles and responsibilities of partnerorganizations to deliver critical services and support tochildren, families, and child care providers in the eventof a disaster. The key areas described as emergencyfunctions meet the CCDBG requirements for:preparedness; training and practice drills; accommodationof infants and toddlers; accommodation of children withdisabilities and chronic medical conditions; evacuation;relocation; shelter-in-place and lockdown; communication;continuity of operations and essential child care services;reunification of families; and recovery. The CaliforniaChild Care Disaster Plan encourages coordination ofactivities and collaboration for mitigation, planning,response, and recovery.California Child Care Disaster Plan 2016 4
OverviewDisasters come in many forms, and can occur anywhere, at any time. Disasters can be caused bynatural events such as severe weather, earthquakes, fires, floods, and tsunamis as well a humancaused event such as an active shooter or a hazardous material incident. Emergency management isan ongoing cycle with four phases: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery with regularITITIOAGNPRAREPMupdating, communicating, assessing, and reevaluating of how to respond in a disaster.EDN ES SRECOVEREYRESPONCalifornia Child Care Disaster Plan 2016 5S
MitigationMitigation describes measures that lessen the impact of disasters.Routine mitigation practices identify and correct potentially unsafeconditions on a regular basis. For example, state agencies canstrengthen their disaster response infrastructure by establishing andcommunicating disaster response policies before a disaster occurs.By investing in long-term strategies, state agencies can positivelyimpact the safety, economic security, and resilience of children,families, and child care providers.PreparednessPreparedness ensures that child care programs are ready foremergencies in order to protect the health and safety of children andstaff members and to prevent damage to buildings and equipment.The preparedness phase includes being informed, making plans,assigning roles and responsibilities, writing emergency responseplans, conducting training and drills, building relationships with localemergency response teams, identifying local resources, and keepingemergency supplies up-to-date.ResponseThe response phase refers to the time when the emergency actuallyoccurs. The response phase may begin with warnings and alerts.Response begins at the local level (city or county) supported byresponse activities and resources from regional, state, and federalresponse partners. Emergency responders include organizationssuch as hospitals, businesses, faith-based organizations, volunteerand charitable agencies, and non-governmental and communitybased organizations.RecoveryPotential Emergencies,Hazards, and DisastersA hazard analysis helps to determine thekinds of disasters that are most likely tooccur in a geographical area. The mostcommon natural disasters in Californiaare: earthquakes, fires, floods, andtsunamis. Disasters can also be humancaused events such as a bridge collapse,a chemical spill, a gas explosion, gunviolence, a terrorist attack, and transitaccidents such as a bus, plane, or traincrash. A thorough hazard analysis willinclude information about the risks fromnearby refineries, industries, powerplants, airports, and civil or politicalunrest in addition to information aboutrisks of natural disasters.Child care providers are encouraged tocontact their County Office of EmergencyServices for a list of natural disastersmost likely to occur in their geographicregion and to identify potential humancaused events including technologicalaccidents and hazardous materialsincidents. Other kinds of emergenciesthat might affect child care programsinclude medical emergencies, pandemicsand epidemics, power outages,disgruntled staff, an intruder, or animpaired adult (for example, a parentwho is under the influence of alcoholor drugs).The recovery phase refers to the hours, days, weeks, months orpossibly years, after an emergency occurs. It includes plans forassisting children, families, and child care programs to return to theireveryday routines by providing resources and health services(including mental and behavioral health), employment, stablehousing, financial assistance, and child care.California Child Care Disaster Plan 2016 6
Child Care Characteristics andVulnerabilitiesYoung Children, Families, andChild Care ProvidersYoung children attending child care programs areparticularly vulnerable and have unique needs. They maynot be ambulatory or have speech. They may be in diapersor at various stages of toilet learning. Infants and toddlersmay be breast fed or bottle fed, or need to eat mashed orpureed food. Young children may have chronic healthconditions such as asthma or allergies, and need to begiven medication. They cannot be relied upon to followinstructions or express their needs and may becomeoverwhelmed by a chaotic situation. They have limitedknowledge and experience and can easily becomefrightened or confused by natural or human-causeddisasters. Emergency situations may present dilemmas forchildren and child care providers. For example, althoughyoung children are required by law to use a car seat whentravelling in an automobile, this may not be a viable optionin an emergency evacuation situation. Young children,especially infants and toddlers, depend on their families,teachers, and caregivers for almost all of their needs.Child care programs serve families with diversebackgrounds, circumstances, and needs. Young childrenin child care programs may have single parents, parentswho are students, two parents in the labor force, teenparents, foster parents, grandparents, caregivers who areextended family members, and/or legal guardians. Thesefamilies may speak languages other than English, or mayhave functional access or special communication needs.Families with young children are typically juggling familyresponsibilities with work/school/commute schedules andinclude a range of ages, incomes, educations, andoccupations. Because of the many demands on their timeand resources, families with young children in child careprograms often feel stressed, tired, and rushed. InCalifornia, about 61% of children under age six live inhouseholds in which both parents (or a single parent) are inthe labor force.2 The high cost of living in Californiacontributes to a child poverty rate of approximately 25%.3The cost of child care is unaffordable for many, and inmany counties there are not enough low-cost orsubsidized child care slots to meet the demand.4Child care providers in California come from a variety ofcultures and speak many languages. The field is mostlywomen with educational backgrounds ranging fromadvanced degrees in child development to experiencebased knowledge and informal training or mentoring.California Child Care Disaster Plan 2016 7
Child care providers often work long days toaccommodate the schedules of families. Generally, childcare providers are paid wages that are significantly lowerthan those with similar education working in other fields.5Most child care providers choose their careers becausethey enjoy working with children and value the trustingrelationships established with children and their families.California Child Care LicensingIn California, licensed child care facilities are authorized toprovide nonmedical care and supervision to children in agroup setting for not more than 24-hours per day.California’s Child Care Licensing Program (CCL) is aprogram of the California Department of Social Services(DSS) that provides oversight for licensed child care underCalifornia’s Child Day Care Act and Title 22 Regulations.6CCL enforces the health and safety requirements in Title22 by inspecting child care facilities and providingtechnical assistance to licensed child care providers.Title 22 Regulations and DisasterPreparednessTitle 22 Regulations 101174 (for child care centers) and102417 (for family child care homes) require licensed childcare providers to have a written disaster and masscasualty plan of action and to conduct disaster drills atleast every six months. These regulations are based onstate law, specifically Health and Safety Code Sections1596.95, 1597.54, and 1596.867. Forms LIC 610 (for childcare centers), LIC 610A (for family child care homes), LIC700, LIC 999, LIC 9148 are available to facilitatecompliance with disaster planning requirements.Licensed child care programs may be found in traditionalsettings such as pre-schools and centers, or they may belocated in private homes, apartment rental units, faithbased community spaces (for example, churchbasements), commercial buildings, portables, publichousing, or other spaces converted for child care. As of2015, California has approximately 45,000 licensed childcare programs: about 15,000 Child Care Centers andabout 30,000 family child care homes. There are twokinds of family child care homes: small family child carehomes that are licensed for no more than eight children;and large family child care homes that are licensed for upto 14 children. An assistant must be present when caringfor more than eight children at a time.Background ClearanceCCL Regulations require a background check for all childcare licensees, staff, and volunteers who have contactwith children. A cleared criminal record is required prior toworking or being present in a licensed child care facility, orbefore providing child care services. To receive clearance,individuals must submit fingerprints for a CaliforniaDepartment of Justice (DOJ) criminal history backgroundcheck and a Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) federalrecords check. A Child Abuse Central Index check is alsocompleted. If the individual has no criminal history, DOJissues a clearance notice. A criminal record exemptionprocess is required for all criminal convictions other thanminor traffic violations.Additional Standardsand RegulationsSome child care programs receive state and/or federalfunding to serve children from low-income families andchildren with special learning or health needs. In additionto following Title 22 Regulations: State Preschools must meet the requirements foreducation, teacher qualifications, enrollment, and otherservices stated in the California Code of Regulations forEducation-Title V.Agencies providing Head Start services to children andfamilies (Head Start, Early Head Start and Early HeadStart—Child Care Partnerships) must meet therequirements for education; health and safety;enrollment; parent, family, and community engagement;and other services stated in the Head Start ProgramPerformance Standards.Best practices go beyond what is required by thesestandards and regulations. Child care providers and stateagencies can refer to best practice recommendationsrelated to disaster preparedness in Caring for Our Children(CFOC), National Health and Safety PerformanceStandards, 3rd Edition and in the California EarlyChildhood Educator (ECE) Competencies. CFOCrepresents the best evidence, expertise, and experienceto keep children healthy and safe in child care settings.The California ECE Competencies align with the CaliforniaPreschool Learning Foundations and the California Infant/Toddler Learning & Development Foundations to describethe knowledge, skills, and dispositions needed to providehigh quality early education experiences to young children.California Child Care Disaster Plan 2016 8
License-exempt Child CareThe following kinds of child care do not require a licenseand may be referred to as family, friend, and neighborcare; kith and kin care; or informal child care: A relative, in their home; Nannies or babysitters in the family’s own home; Family child care provided for the children of onefamily only;School-age programs operated by the school district;Public recreation programs or drop-in programs forschool-age children who are not receiving structuredcare or supervision;Sports and recreation programs operated by organizedcamps, clubs, gyms, and similar organizations;Cooperative arrangements (Co-op) between familieswho share the responsibility for their children’s care anddo not receive payment;Temporary child care where parents are on thesame premises.License-exempt, home-based child care providers(excluding grandparents, aunts, and uncles) who receivechild care vouchers to care for low-income children musthave a clear criminal background check and be registeredon the TrustLine-Registry for license-exempt providers. Inaddition, child care providers who receive CCDBGvouchers must meet requirements for health and safetytraining and emergency preparedness.Government Subsidiesfor Child CareAbout one third of California’s child care centers receivechild care subsidies through one or more federal, state,or local funding program.4Federal Child Care SubsidiesThe Administration for Children and Families (ACF) is adivision of the United States Department of Health &Human Services that promotes the economic and socialwell-being of families, children, and communities. Thereare ten ACF regions in the United States. California is inRegion IX. The Office of Child Care (OCC) is a program ofACF that supports low-income working families’ access toquality early childhood and afterschool programs. OCCadministers CCDBG and works with state, territory, andtribal governments to provide support for child care. HeadStart is also a program of ACF. The Office of Head Start(OHS) directly administers funding and oversight to localgrantees to provide Head Start services including: HeadStart, Migrant Head Start, Tribal Head Start, Early HeadStart, and Early Head Start—Child Care Partnerships. Inaddition, ACF administers the Temporary Assistance forNeedy Families (TANF) program, which provides child carevouchers to help meet the child care needs of familieswho are receiving TANF. Federal food subsidies are alsoavailable to child care programs through the United StatesDepartment of Agriculture (USDA) Child and Adult CareFood Program (CACFP).Agency Roles in State Child Care SubsidiesThe California Department of Education (CDE), Early Careand Support Division (EESD) provides leadership andsupport to the child care community to ensure that highquality early education programs are provided to childrenages birth to 13 years. CDE is the lead administrativeagency for CCDBG funding in California. CDE maintainscontracts and agreements with Local Child Care PlanningCouncils (LPC), local Alternative Payment (AP) Agencies,and local Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies(R&R Agencies) to improve child care access and quality.LPCs work on the local level to plan for child care anddevelopment services (subsidized and non-subsidized)based on the needs of families. AP Agencies work on thelocal level to determine eligibility; authorize child caresubsidies; ensure that license-exempt providers areeligible to care for children receiving subsidies; and makepayments to providers. R&R Agencies work on the locallevel to provide referrals, information, and education tochild care consumers (families); improve the quality ofchild care through professional development; and expandthe availability of high-quality child care in California.California Child Care Disaster Plan 2016 9
Communication in DisastersWhen a disaster strikes, there is naturally turmoil,panic, and fear. Established communicationprotocols and procedures reduce anxiety, helpavoid duplication, provide critical information andupdates, and ensure that no one in the child carecommunity is forgotten.In the event of an emergency, it is important for child careprograms to report details about the incident to localemergency response agencies and provide updates asneeded, including: Local Emergency ServicesLocal emergency services are the first line ofcommunication for child care providers in an emergency.When an emergency occurs, child care providers can call9-1-1, the universal number for reaching emergencyservices. Emergency service personnel (for example, lawenforcement, fire fighters, and emergency medicaltechnicians) will immediately respond to the scene of anemergency to provide assistance. In non-urgent situationsfollowing a disaster, or in situations where the 9-1-1system is overloaded, it is appropriate to call the local lawenforcement non-emergency phone number. Calling 9-1-1from a cell phone may connect you to the CaliforniaHighway Patrol (CHP) rather than local emergencyservices. For direct access to local emergency servicesfrom a cell phone, child care providers can enter thedirect-dial local emergency services
funding to develop the California Child Care Disaster Plan. The California Child Care Disaster Plan is a Functional Annex to the existing State of California Emergency Plan. The California Child Care Disaster Plan Annex (Annex) does not duplicate what is already in the SEP. Instead, the Annex provides new information that can stand alone
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There are three important phases in hospital emergency disaster management plan 1) Pre-disaster phase 2) Disaster Phase 3) Post Disaster Phase Pre-Disaster Phase a) Planning: Most of the assessment and planning is done in the pre-disaster phase, the hospital plans are formulated and then discussed in a suitable forum for approval. b) Preparation
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Child Care in Ontario - Key Facts There are two options for regulated child care in Ontario: 1.centre-based licensed child care 2.home-based child care associated with a licensed home child care agency As of September, 2016, there are: -5,348 licensed child care centres -123 licensed home child care agencies 4 ontario.ca/education
AGMA American Gear Manufacturers Association AIA American Institute of Architects. AISI American Iron and Steel Institute ANSI American National Standards Institute, Inc. AREA American Railway Engineering Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and .
