Mars Exploration Ice Mapper - NASA
NOTE ADDED BY JPL WEBMASTER: This content has not been approved or adopted by JPLor the California Institute of Technology. This document is being made available forinformation purposes only, and any views and opinions expressed herein do notnecessarily state or reflect those of NASA, JPL, or the California Institute of Technology.Mars Exploration Ice MapperApril 15, 2020Presented to (virtual) MEPAG Spring MeetingJim WatzinDirector – NASA Mars Exploration ProgramTim HaltiginLead - CSA Ice Mapper Study1
New MEP Mission InitiativesPresident’s FY21 Budget Request supports essential Mars precursors“The Budget also funds the robotic exploration of Mars, in cooperation with internationalpartners, as a precursor to human exploration. In addition to performing cutting-edgescientific investigations, a new Mars Ice Mapper mission would provide data for potentiallanding sites, and a Mars Sample Return mission would demonstrate the ability to launchfrom Mars’ surface.” Mars Sample Return - humanity’s 1st roundtrip to another planetReturning samples from an ancient habitable zoneNASA/ESA partnership6 year development cycle - 2026 LRD (2031 return) Mars Exploration Ice Mapper - searching for habitableenvironments and accessible ISRU resourcesJoint NASA/CSA Exploration initiativeImplementation assumes substantial partnership collaboration5 year development cycle - 2026 LRD2
Mars Exploration Ice Mapper Evolution NASA Moon to Mars (M2M) studies identified ice as a critical element of human exploration of Mars Accessible Ground Ice as a Resource Accessible Ground Ice as rich in Science Potential Accessible Ground Ice as an Exploration Destination Driver Planning for Human Exploration in the mid-2030s requires knowledge of location, character, andextent of accessible ice beforehand Data needed by late 2020s Leveraged prior NASA/CSA collaboration studies to jump start planning CSA L-band radar Multiple JPL/GSFC/Industry studies Exploring potential partnership interests to jointly fly mission Potentially as early as 2026 Both NASA and CSA have received funding for planning and preparation MEP leading the effortAssessing communications/data relay needs3
Exploration Ice Mapper: ObjectivesEXPLORATION OBJECTIVES Ground Ice as a ResourceIs there water ice contained within the first 10m of the surface?What are the spatial extents of the deposits? Landing Site Geotechnical PropertiesHow rough are the surface and shallow subsurface?How compact are the potential landing sites?SCIENCE OBJECTIVES (notional) Distribution & Origin of Ice ReservoirsQuantify extent and volume of water ice in non-polar regions Dynamic Surface Processes on MarsEstablish role of liquid water in Recurring Slope Lineae Geological Evidence for Environmental TransitionsEvaluate fine-scale morphology in ancient terrains(“dust removal”)4
Exploration Ice Mapper: Approach“RECONNAISSANCE ZONE” Exploration objectives focus on regions wherehuman landing sites may be possibleEquatorward of 40 for solar conditionsPoleward of 25 to maximize possibility of locating ground iceElevation - 2km from MOLA datum for EDL considerations Science objectives – planet wide characterizationKEY OUTPUTS Exploration: “Critical Data Products”CDP-1: Reconnaissance Zone Shallow Subsurface Ice MapCDP-2: Reconnaissance Zone Surface & Shallow SubsurfacePhysical Properties Map Science: “High Priority Investigations” (notional)HPI-1: Martian Ice Reserves & Surface Morphologies 25-40 , z -2 kmHPI-2: Radar Imaging of Recurring Slope LineaeHPI-3: Ancient Mars Channel ‘Excavation’ Strengthened communication infrastructure5
The Science Case forSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)Community Support Various concept studies/proposals over thepast 20 years Most recently outlined in Science DefinitionTeam report for NASA’s Next Mars Orbiter(NeMO)Advantages Polarization of signal allows forinterpretation of surface/subsurfacematerials Increased center frequency permitsresolution of finer layers in the nearsubsurface6
SAR Development: Prior InvestmentsCANADIAN SAR HERITAGE Radarsat (C-band) family of spacecraftRadarsat (1995-2013): exceeded 5 year design lifetimeRadarsat-2 (2007-present): over 34 billion km2 of imageryRadarsat Constellation (2019-present): completed commissioningMARS SAR CONCEPT RECENT HISTORY 2017Canadian Federal Budget announces support for Mars SARFirst iteration design completed for NeMO 2018Second iteration design completed for NASA rideshare conceptTechnology development contract to prototype feed array 2019Third design iteration completed for notional ice-mapper mission7
SAR Payload ConceptPropertyValueCenter Frequency930 MHzAntenna6 m deployable meshSensitivity-35 db as NESZPower500-1000 WConfigurationMulti-feed offset fed reflectorOperational ModesSAR and SounderPolarizationHybrid (circular transmit, dual linear reception)SARSwath Width30 kmIncidence Angle40-45 Horizontal Resolution5-30 mPenetration Depth 6mSounderVertical Resolution 1mAlong-track Resolution30 mAcross-track Footprint1.5 km8
SAR ModeStrip map swath width: 30 kmIncidence angle: 40-45 Horizontal Resolution: 30 mHighest Resolution: 5 mPenetration Depth: 6 mPolarization: hybrid (circular transmissionand dual linear reception)Modes: Repeat pass InSAR andtomography possible9
Sounder ModeGround-track spacing: 20 km at the equatorVertical resolution: 1 m in free spaceAlong-track resolution: 30 mAcross-track footprint: 1.5 kmModes: single track and repeat track10
Mars SAR Technology Readiness11
Nominal Mission ParametersParameterValueUnitMars Radius3390kmOrbital Altitude250-320kmData Allocation48000Mbits/daySAR Ground speed 3km/sRadar Swath (side-looking)32kmOrbits13day-1Sounder Ground Track Spacing at equator20kmAssumptions Cover 50% of entire 25-40 band for human exploration goals 50% of orbit time used for data transmission, not data collection12
Concept of OperationsYEAR 1 primary focus on generatingCritical Data Products 1 and 2 opportunistic science data can becollected on any orbit if sufficientdata and power are availableYEAR 2 scientific investigations areprioritized data for higher order mappingproducts (e.g. SAR tomography)collected when orbit crosses highpriority landing sites13
Relevance to MEPAG Goals (Exploration)HUMAN EXPLORATION OBJECTIVESRelation toNASA sHumanExplorationObjectiveHE O1. GroundIce as aResourceHE O2. ired MeasurementsDetection of Shallow WaterIceIdentification of Regions withWater Ice Present within 10m of SurfaceCharacterize MaterialProperties & Thickness ofDry OverburdenIdentification of Regionswhere depth of DryOverburden is 2 m, andEstimation of MaterialThickness & ConsolidationSurface PropertiesRoughness; Slopes; SurfaceTexture, and Load-bearingStrengthMEPAG GoalsGoal I:LifeGoal II:ClimateGoal III.GeologyGoal IV:HumanB4.2C2.1C2.2D1.1A3.2B4.1B4.214
Relevance to MEPAG Goals (Science)SCIENCE OBJECTIVES (Notional)Relation to NASA GoalsHighDecadal Survey PriorityNew Discoveries / HighMEPAG PriorityScienceObjectiveS O1.Distribution &Origin of IceReservoirsMEPAG GoalsInvestigationRequired MeasurementsGoal I:LifeGoal II:ClimateExtent and Volume ofWater Ice in Non-polarRegionsDistribution of Buried Water Extent & Volume of Buried& CO2 ice plus Relationship CO2 Ice in the Polar Capsto Surficial Polar DepositsShallow SubsurfaceStructure of Polar Cap &Layered l III.GeologyA1.3A1.4A1.5A4.3B1.1S O2. DynamicSurfaceProcesses onMarsRole of Liquid Water inRecurring Slope Lineae(RSL)Surface / ShallowSubsurface Hydration Stateas a Function of Season &Time of DayA2.1A1.1A1.5A4.3S O3. GeologicEvidence forEnvironmentalTransitionsDiversity of AncientAqueous DepositsFine-scale Composition& Morphologyin Ancient TerrainA1.2A2.5A3.2A1.2A2.1A3.1A4.7C2.1Goal IV:Human15
Next StepsPARTNERSHIPS Commitment from partners required to proceed Once critical partnerships solidify, opportunities for secondary participants will be explored Pre-formulation planning target start October 2020SCIENCE TEAM Will be populated once mission collaborations are formalized International investigators would be solicited on the SAR payload team16
SummaryGround ice detection is critical to support human exploration andadvance international science objectivesCanadian SAR concept and heritage can meet the needAppropriate to pursue this enabling Exploration objective with aheavily partnered collaborationThis initiative will provide significant opportunities for Mars sciencecommunity to engage17
Backup18
High Level Science Questions19
Concept of Operations1. Checkout and Calibrations (1 month) Confirm that instrument is working properly2. Ice Retrieval Algorithm Evaluation (3-6 months) Confirm data processing techniques are capable of detecting subsurface ice3. Resource Reconnaissance (3 months) Near-global survey, with focus on medium-resolution compact-pol SAR in mid-latitudes( 25-40 )4. Resource Identification (2 months) Select up to three sites of interest5. Mission Science (1 year) Address Level 1 science objectives supplement data collection on sites of interest20
roundtrip to another planet. Returning samples from an ancient habitable zone. NASA/ESA partnership. 6 year development cycle - 2026 LRD (2031 return) Mars Exploration Ice Mapper -searching for habitable environments and accessible ISRU resources Joint NASA/CSA Exploration initiative. Implementat
beginning in 2021 to virtually anywhere on the Moon, including the poles and far side Begin the search for polar ice by 2023 with Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) Provide valuable precursor experience for human exploration of Mars with bold new missions such as Mars Sample Return and Mars Ice Mapper
Venus and Mars Chapter 22 I. Venus A. The Rotation of Venus B. The Atmosphere of Venus C. The Venusian Greenhouse D. The Surface of Venus E. Volcanism on Venus F. A History of Venus II. Mars A. The Canals of Mars B. The Atmosphere of Mars C. The Geology of Mars D. Hidden Water on Mars E. A History of Mars
August 31, 2017 Page 5 Step 4: Launch MARS To launch the MARS software application, click Start All Programs MARS MARS or double- click the MARS desktop shortcut (Figure 1) that was created during installation. Figure 1: MARS desktop icon If the following message (Figure 2) appears upon startup, please use the link to contact MARS Sales,
9. Useful Tools in the S1 Mobile Mapper App . Step-by-step directions for all S1 tools are in the . Agency User Guide . on the S1 Mobile Mapper . Website or can be downloaded from the . Help option . in the S1 Mobile Mapper App. Buffer Features Configurable Repeat Navigation Alerts Smart Form Support Attributes Video Attachments
A self-portrait taken by NASA's Curiosity rover. 7. Why does it seem odd at first that NASA has chosen to explore Mars and not Venus? Accept any correct explanation that states that Venus is closer to Earth than Mars. For example, it seems odd at first that NASA would travel to Mars first because Mars is not the closest planet to Earth. 8.
Present ICE Analysis in Environmental Document 54 Scoping Activities 55 ICE Analysis Analysis 56 ICE Analysis Conclusions 57 . Presenting the ICE Analysis 59 The ICE Analysis Presentation (Other Information) 60 Typical ICE Analysis Outline 61 ICE Analysis for Categorical Exclusions (CE) 62 STAGE III: Mitigation ICE Analysis Mitigation 47 .
The ice-storage box is the destination point where the ice will accummulate via the ice-delivery hose. An ice-level sensor installed in the storage box halts ice production when the box is full. The ice-storage box should be able to hold water and have at least 2" (51mm) of insulation to keep the ice frozen as long as
Korean language training. In recent decades the number of KFL textbooks for English-speaking KFL classroom use has steadily increased. However, the number of KFL study materials intended for a self-study purpose is still relatively scarce. Furthermore, to date there has been no published KFL grammar workbook that specifically aims at providing supplemental grammar explanations and exercises in .
