US Department Of Agriculture Climate Change Adaptation .
US Department of Agriculture Climate Change Adaptation PlanJune 2014I.Policy FrameworkRole and Mission of USDAThe US Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides leadership on food, agriculture, naturalresources, rural development, nutrition, and related issues through its evolving service role at thenexus of traditional rural American food, fiber and fuel production and the emerging economicopportunities in renewable energy, broadband, and recreation. The vision statement of the USDAStrategic Plan calls for the Department “to expand economic opportunity through innovation,helping rural America thrive; to promote agriculture production sustainability that betternourishes Americans while also helping to feed others throughout the world; and to preserve andconserve our Nation’s natural resources through restored forests, improved watersheds, andhealthy private working lands.” Climate change has the potential to confound USDA efforts tomeet these core obligations and responsibilities to the Nation.Rural America is rapidly transitioning to a diverse and competitive business environment drivenby an increasingly sophisticated consumer market here and abroad. The economic vitality andquality of life in rural America depends on a financially healthy agricultural system and access toagricultural and emerging markets. US farmers, ranchers and foresters ensure that all of Americaand many other parts of the world have nutritious and safe food, adequate energy sources, andfiber products sufficient for the needs of a rapidly increasing population. Climate changeadaptation is essential to sustain these capabilities.BackgroundScientific evidence shows that US climate has changed substantially since 1900, that this rate ofchange is accelerating, and that even greater rates of change are likely to occur in the next 100years. Climate change has the potential to disrupt USDA’s efforts to meet the core obligationsand responsibilities articulated by its mission and goals. The vulnerability of USDA operationsand programs to climate change will be highly dependent on the variability, magnitude, andpattern of climate changes, as well as on changes in climate extremes. Changing precipitationand temperature patterns as well as increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations affectsforest- and agro-ecosystems at national, regional, and local scales. These changes may havesignificant implications for USDA program participation and associated costs. Such projectionsare accompanied by a great deal of uncertainty so policies will need to be flexible enough toadapt to this uncertainty.USDA is unique among many Federal Departments in that the broad spectra of its sub-agencymissions include research, applications and technology transfer, public land management,technical assistance, and communications and delivery, missions that revolve around people andthe land; private and public, rural and urban. These broad areas provide a strong foundation toaddress the complexities of climate change, climate variability, and extreme events. The 2014US Department of Agriculture2014 Adaptation PlanPage 1
USDA Climate Change Adaptation Plan integrates input from 11 USDA sub-agencies andoffices and updates their 2012 plans. The Adaptation Plan provides a vulnerability assessment,reviews the elements of USDA’s mission that are at risk from climate change, and providesactions and steps being taken to build resilience to climate change specifically in response to EO13653. In addition, the plan advances President Obama’s efforts to integrate climate changeadaptation planning into the actions of the Federal Government through the President’s ClimateAction Plan (PCAP), other executive orders, and the US Department of Agriculture departmentalpolicies.USDA is well-positioned to meet the requirements of the federal agency climate changeadaptation guidance. The Department’s Strategic Plan for 2014-2018 provides a powerfulfoundation for climate change adaptation planning.All five goals of USDA’s Strategic Plan have objectives that articulate opportunities andchallenges associated with climate change adaptation. Strategic Goal 2 specifically addresses thechallenges of climate change and opportunities “to ensure our national forests and privateworking lands are conserved, restored, and made more resilient to climate change.” The StrategicPlan calls for the Department to capitalize on opportunities presented by the Nation’s efforts todevelop markets for ecosystem services. The USDA Strategic Plan further calls on theDepartment to lead efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change through Goals 1, 3, 4 and 5.Strategic Goal 1: Assist Rural Communities to Create Prosperity so They are Self-Sustaining,Repopulating, and Economically ThrivingObjective 1.1 – Enhance Rural Prosperity, Leveraging Capital Markets to increase Government’sInvestment in Rural America;Objective 1.2 – Increase Agricultural Opportunities by Ensuring a Robust Safety Net, CreatingNew Markets, and Supporting a Competitive Agricultural System;Objective 1.3 – Contribute to Expansion of the Bioeconomy by Supporting Development,Production, and Consumption of Renewable Energy and Bio-based Products.Strategic Goal 2: Ensure our National Forests and Private Working Lands are Conserved,Restored, and Made More Resilient to Climate Change while Enhancing our Water ResourcesObjective 2.1 – Improve the Health of the Nation’s Forests, Grasslands, and Working Lands byManaging Natural Resources;Objective 2.2 – Lead Efforts to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change, Drought and ExtremeWeather in Agriculture and Forestry;Objective 2.3 – Contribute to Clean and Abundant Water by Protecting and Enhancing WaterResources on National Forests and Working Lands;Objective 2.4 – Reduce the Risk from Catastrophic Wildfire.Strategic Goal 3: Help America Promote Agricultural Production and Biotechnology Exports asAmerica Works to Increase Food SecurityObjective 3.1 – Ensure US Agricultural Resources Contribute to Enhanced Global Food Security;US Department of Agriculture2014 Adaptation PlanPage 2
Objective 3.2 – Enhance America’s Ability to Develop and Trade Agricultural Products Derivedfrom New and Emerging Technologies;Strategic Goal 4: Ensure that All of America’s Children Have Access to Safe, Nutritious, andBalanced MealsObjective 4.4 – Protect Agricultural Health by Minimizing Major Diseases and Pests to EnsureAccess to Safe, Plentiful, and Nutritious Food.Strategic Goal 5: Create a USDA for the 21st Century that is High-Performing, Efficient, andAdaptableObjective 5.2 – Build a Safe, Secure, Efficient Workplace by Leveraging Technology and SharedSolutions across Organizational Boundaries.Executive Directives, Policies, and USDA’s RoleClimate change challenges the mission, operations, and programs of nearly every federal agencyand USDA is no exception. Ensuring that the Federal Government has the capacity to execute itsmissions and maintain important services in the face of climate change is essential. Climatespecific strategies include and are based on:Executive Order 13514 – Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and EconomicPerformance (October 2009)EO 13514 directed each agency to develop a sustainability strategy and reduce greenhouse gasemissions and to develop policies and practices to support the Federal Adaptation Strategy. ThisExecutive Order challenged federal agencies to set sustainability goals for agency operations anddirected agencies to improve their environmental, energy and economic performance. Eachfederal agency was asked to evaluate agency climate change risks and vulnerabilities to manageboth the short- and long-term effects of climate change on the agency’s mission, programs, andoperations.US Department of Agriculture Departmental Regulation 1070-001 (June 2011) – The purposeof this regulation is to implement sections of EO 13514 and establish a USDA-wide directive tointegrate climate change adaptation planning and actions into USDA programs, policies andoperations. This policy statement stands today.US Department of Agriculture Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan (June 2013) – Onthe 2013 plan, USDA identified climate change resilience as its sustainability practice Goal 9.Strategies included Sub-Agency plans to integrate climate change adaptation into agency andregional planning, establish 7 regional climate hubs, and report on progress in climatepreparedness and resilience implementations. The previous year’s plan reported a risk analysison how climate change might affect its functions and national agriculture production andincluded adaptation plans from eleven USDA sub-agencies.US Department of Agriculture2014 Adaptation PlanPage 3
The President’s Climate Action Plan (June 2013)This plan, consisting of a wide variety of executive actions, has three key pillars: a) Cut CarbonPollution in America; b) Prepare the United States for Impacts of Climate Change; and c) LeadInternational Efforts to Combat Global Climate Change and Prepare for its Impacts. ThePresident’s plan identifies approximately 72 actions that the Federal Government should take.USDA is participating wholly or in coordination with other agencies in 19 actions includingidentifying vulnerabilities to climate change, maintaining agricultural sustainability, managingdrought and leading efforts to address climate change through international negotiations. Thosefocused primarily on national USDA resilience strategies include:President’s Climate Action PlanPillar 1: Cut Carbon Pollution in AmericaDeploying Clean EnergyCutting Energy Waste Next Generation BiofuelsTransmission Project Siting andPermittingGreen Buildings and EnergyEfficient StrategiesBiogas Roadmap Energy Efficiency andConservation Loan Program(reducing barrier to energyefficient investment)Rural Energy for AmericaProgramReducing Other GreenhouseGas Emission Interagency Methane Strategy Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and ForestDegradation (REDD )NEPA Guidance DistinguishingBiogenic Carbon and FossilCarbonVoluntary Carbon PartnershipsPresident’s Climate Action PlanPillar 2: Prepare the United States for the Impacts of Climate ChangeBuilding Stronger and SaferCommunities andInfrastructure Direct Agencies to supportClimate-resilient InvestmentSupport Communities Preparingfor Climate ImpactsRebuilding/Learning fromExtreme eventsTribal Adaptation andResiliency ProjectProtecting Our Economyand Natural Resources US Department of Agriculture2014 Adaptation PlanIdentify Vulnerabilities of KeySectorsPromote Insurance leadershipfor Climate SafetyConserve Land and WaterResourcesMaintain AgriculturalSustainabilityManage Drought (NationalDrought Resilience Partnership)Conserve Forests - ReduceWildfire RisksPrepare for Future FloodsUsing Science to ManageClimate Impacts Develop Actionable ClimateScienceAssess Climate-Change Impactsin the USLaunch Climate Data InitiativeProvide Toolkits for ClimateResiliencePage 4
President’s Climate Action PlanPillar 3: Lead International Efforts to Combat Global Climate Change andPrepare for its ImpactWork with Other Countriesto Address Climate Change Expand Bilateral Cooperationwith Major EmergingEconomiesCombat Short-lived ClimatePollutantsReduce Emissions fromDeforestation and ForestDegradationExpand Clean Energy Use andCut Energy WasteNegotiate Global Free Trade inEnvironmental Goods andServicesStrengthen Global Resilience toClimate ChangeClimate Smart AgricultureGlobal Research Agenda Lead Efforts to Address Climate Change ThroughInternational Negotiation Support the Department of State in Ongoing Negotiations on ClimateChangePrepare a major Interim Report for the National Climate Assessmententitled, Global Climate Change, Food Security, and the US FoodSystem.Work with partners in establishment of the Climate Smart AgriculturalAllianceExecutive Order 13653 – Preparing the United States for the Impacts of Climate Change(November 2013)EO 13653 directs agencies to develop or continue to develop, implement, and updatecomprehensive plans that integrate consideration of climate change risks and vulnerabilities intoagency operations and overall mission objectives. This EO advances the focus of resiliencestrategy in the President’s Climate Action Plan.II.Planning for Climate Change Related RiskSection 5(a) of EO 13653 states “each agency shall develop or continue to develop, implement,and update comprehensive plans that integrate consideration of climate change into agencyoperations and overall mission objectives.” This portion of the USDA Adaptation Planaddresses the five subsections enumerated in EO 13653.Section 5(a)(i): identification and assessment of climate change related impacts on and risks to theAgency’s ability to accomplish its missions, operations, and programs.US Department of Agriculture2014 Adaptation PlanPage 5
Vulnerability AssessmentA sampling of the risks grouped by the USDA Strategic Goals 1 and the Sub-Agencies’ strategiesfollow:Strategic GoalObjectiveRisks andvulnerabilitiesSub-AgenciesInvolved 2Possible ResponseStrategies1 Assist RuralCommunities toCreate Prosperity tobe Self-Sustaining,Repopulating andEconomicallyThriving1.1 Enhance ruralprosperityDevelop and supportregional food systemsSome regions willface greaterchallenges in adaptingto changes in extremeevents such asdroughts and stormsRD, ERS, FSA,RMA, ARS,NIFAGenerate and retaingreen jobs andeconomic benefitsthrough naturalresource andrecreation programsTourism activities andgreen jobs will bepositively (warmweather activities) andnegatively (snowrelated activities)impacted by climatechange. Coastaltourism could beaffected by sea-levelrise.Ecosystem serviceswill be stressed byclimate extremes andnatural disasters.Small producers maybe impacted soonerthan others; climatechanges will stresssome crops andpotentially affectsustainability andcompetitiveness ofagricultural systems.FS, RD, NRCS,FSABetter prepare farmers withadaptive responses to climate,encourage regional networksthrough USDA Climate Hubs.Develop new crop varieties towithstand changing climateconditions.Work with rural communitiesto manage lands for tourismand outdoor recreation andfind ways to use lands toenhance green employmentopportunities.Energy crops subjectto new andchallenging growingconditions. StressedARS, ERS, FS,FSA, NIFA,NRCS, RD1.2 Increaseagriculturalopportunities;robust safety netCapitalize onopportunitiespresented by thenation’s efforts todevelop markets forecosystem servicesand mitigate climatechange1.3 Contribute toExpansion ofBioeconomyFacilitate sustainable1ERS, FS, FAS,FSA, NRCS, RD,RMAWork with producers todiversify agricultural practicesand protect ecosystemservices. Promote crops withmitigation potential and withgreatest resilience toenvironmental changes.Establish more certifiedorganic operations; Tradepreserved through USDA staffresolution of market accessissues; Improved cropinsurance; Conduct research toimprove seed and feed,improve agricultural practices,diversify, and developecosystem markets.Renewable energy can offsetgreenhouse gas emissions.Develop new energy cropvarieties that can withstandSource: US Department of Agriculture Strategic Plan FY 2014-2018: gic-plan-fy-2014-2018.pdf2Agency Abbreviations: ARS: Agricultural Research Service; APHIS: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service;ERS: Economic Research Service; FS: Forest Service; FAS: Foreign Agriculture Service; FSA: Farm Service Agency;NASS: National Agricultural Statistics Service; NIFA: National Institute of Food and Agriculture; NRCS: NaturalResources Conservation Service; RD: Rural Development; RMA: Risk Management Agency.US Department of Agriculture2014 Adaptation PlanPage 6
2 Ensure OurNational Forestsand PrivateWorking Lands areConserved Restoredand Made Resilientto Climate Changewhile Enhancingour WaterResourcesrenewable energydevelopmentenvironmentalconditions withchanging climate andweather patterns mayincrease marketcompetition of cropsused for food, fiberand fuel2.1 Improve Healthof Nation’s Forests,Grasslands andWorking Lands byManaging NaturalResourcesDegradation ofresources will lead toincreased GHGemissions, andthreaten wildlife, fish,plants, lands, water,recreation, communityand prosperity,inability of USDA toassess or influencepollutant causesthrough its programsFS, FSA, NRCS2.2 Lead Efforts toMitigate and Adaptto Climate ChangeHealthy soils andplants everywhere arechallenged by achanging climate,extremesARS, FSA, FS,NRCS, NIFA,RD, RMA2.3 Contribute toClean and AbundantWater by Protectingand EnhancingWater Resources inNational Forests andon Working LandsDrought and increasedrunoff, increasedurban development,increased impervioussurfaces poseproblems forincreasingly limitedquantities and qualityof water resourcesFS, NRCS, RD,RMA2.4 Reduce Risk ofCatastrophicWildfireParts of the country,particularly the west,are increasinglythreatened by droughtand longer fireseasons; Budgetary,legal, and regulatoryconstraintsFS, NRCSUS Department of Agriculture2014 Adaptation Planclimate extremes. Promoteresource-efficient cropping.Develop advanced biomasscrops and methods forsustainable biofuel production;Analysis and data fromcommodity markets forrenewable energy sources;Integration of regional systemswith sustainable agriculture,forestry and rangemanagementWork with private and publicland managers to improvehealth and protect landsthrough conservation methods.Provide additional incentivesto improve soil health andwater quality whilemaintaining working lands,preserve open space andrestore public forests. Useenvironmental markets toestablish ecosystem servicebenefitsIntegrate research results intopolicies and conservationpractices, disseminateinformation, and support landmanagers who use thesepractices; Implement USDAHubs to facilitate integrationof science-based practicalinformationEncourage producers andforest managers to preservewetlands, use sustainablefarming practices that putminimal stress on waterresources; deliver financialand technical assistance tolandowners to implementconservation measures andmanagement strategies tobenefit water quality,availability and improvewatershed healthWork with all communities toensure they are fire-adapted,for prevention, preparednessand response; USDA willwork with private and publicpartners to implementhazardous fuel reduction andecosystem restoration projectsPage 7
3 Help AmericaPromoteAgriculturalProduction andBiotechnologyExports As Americaworks to IncreaseFood Security4 Ensure AllAmerica’s Childrenhave Access to Safe,Nutritious andBalanced Meals3.1 Ensure USAgriculturalResourcesContribute toEnhanced GlobalFood SecurityEnsuring global foodsecurity will becomemore challenging ascountries addressgrowing globalpopulation, landdegradation, scarcewater and climatechange; Many nationsmay experiencefailing crops and foodinsecurityAPHIS, ARS,ERS, FAS, FSA,NASS, NIFA3.2 EnhanceAmerica’s Ability toDevelop and TradeAgriculturalProducts derivedfrom New andEmergingTechnologiesRisks to foodsecurity and humanhealth increase asshifts indistribution andnature of diseases,invasive speciesand agriculturalpests increase;Public resistance tobiotechnologybased foodproduction; Globalpartnershipsincrease risk ofnatural andmanmade eventslimiting success ofprograms.Exposure to diseases,including plant andanimal pests andpathogens, is expectedto change as theclimate warms andprecipitation patternschange; Volume ofsmuggled orimproperly importedagricultural productsentering the US growsAPHIS, ARS,FAS, NIFA4.4 ProtectAgricultural Healthby MinimizingMajor Disease andPests to EnsureAccess to Safe,Plentiful, andNutritious FoodUS Department of Agriculture2014 Adaptation PlanAPHIS, ARS,FAS, NIFAResearch should continue toimprove and protect US staplecrops to adapt to changingclimate conditions, marketscan be opened to send theseresources abroad; Cooperatorparticipation from developingcountries parti
US Department of Agriculture Climate Change Adaptation Plan . June 2014 . I. Policy Framework . Role and Mission of USDA . The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides leadership on food, agriculture, natural resources, rural development, nutrition, an
Agriculture, Climate Change and Food Security. It highlights how climate change affects food security and agriculture in Malawi. The aim is to provide country offices with a good evidence base and specific guidance on activities, barriers and opportunities for integrating climate change and climate smart agriculture approaches within the .
Climate change and agriculture Based on some of the past experiences indicated above, impact of climate change on agriculture will be one of the major deciding factors influencing the future food security of mankind on the earth. Agriculture is not only sensitive to climate change . . .File Size: 204KB
3. Projected climate change impact on agriculture and its implications Cambodian agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change (Mainuddin et al 2010, CISRO 2008, ACIAR 2009, MoE 2010). The specifi c threats of climate change for agriculture include: † Changes in rainfall patter
Food Security and Nutrition 1.1.Climate Change and Agriculture Climate change shows in different transformations of climate variables that are causing significant economic, social and environmental effects. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in 2002, has defined climate change as “any change in climate over time,
May 24, 2017 · 1 – Agriculture Annex May 2017 Agriculture Introduction Purpose: This annex to the Climate Risk Screening and Management Tools is designed to provide you with more information on climate change1 implications for agriculture (including terrestrial agriculture, pastoralism, and fisheries). The information is grouped into the following su
3 Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy 2 PREFACE Climate change has
Nov 02, 2010 · agriculture, our treatment of the poverty impacts of climate change necessarily understates their true extent. However, analysis of the climate change – agriculture – poverty nexus yields valuable insights for climate change mitigation efforts and development policy whi
7.Advanced Engineering Mathematics - Chandrika Prasad & Reena Garg 8.Engineering Mathematics - I, Reena Garg . MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY B.Sc. IN NAUTICAL SCIENCE SEMESTER – I BNS 103 NAUTICAL PHYSICS 80 Hrs 1 Heat and Thermodynamics: 15 hrs Heat Transfer Mechanism: Conduction, Convection and Radiation, Expansion of solids, liquids and gases, application to liquid .
